医护人员及患者对肺结核防治知识的调查

目的 了解医护人员及患者肺结核防治知识认知现状,为实施和完善肺结核防治管理及健康教育提供参考.方法 采用肺结核防治知识问卷,对186名医生、312名护士及266例住院患者进行调查.结果 医生、护士、患者肺结核防治知识总分分别为(31.38±2.49)、(30.31±3.98)、(21.01±2.89)分.回归分析结果显...     

The prevalence of anxiety and depression among end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis in Saudi Arabia

Depression commonly overlaps with uremic symptoms, but anxiety is less commonly studied among renal patients. The symptoms of medical illness, along with the psychological and social stresses that often accompany a debilitating chronic disease, are thought to produce deleterious psychological consequences. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression among Saudi dialysis patients in Makkah. A cross-sectional study of anxiety and depression among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in Makkah was conducted in November 2011. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to screen for anxiety and depression. Participants’ demographic data, possible stressors and past psychiatric history were obtained. All participants were Saudi ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis. According to HADS, 57 (21.1%) patients were probable cases of anxiety and 63 (23.3%) were probable cases of depression. Only 32 (11.3%) were diagnosed with depression or anxiety before ESRD onset. Age was a significant predictor of anxiety and depression diagnoses. Major family problems (p?=?0.001) were also a significant predictor of anxiety. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are prevalent among ESRD patients in Makkah, and anxiety can be predicted by family factors. Early detection, management and family support might improve clinical outcomes.     

住院老年患者认知功能与日常生活能力及焦虑抑郁的关系研究

目的 了解住院老年患者的认知功能状况,并探讨其认知功能与焦虑抑郁负性情绪和日常生活能力的关系.方法 以横断面研究法,对符合条件的151例住院老年患者采用简易智能精神状态检查量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表和日常生活能力量表进行调查.结果 住院老年患者认知功能评分为(25.28±5.42)分,认知功能正常82例,下降69例;不同认知功能患者的焦虑、抑郁、日常生活能力得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),住院老年患者认知功能与抑郁得分存在负相关(P＜0.05).结论 住院老年患者认知功能会影响其情绪及日常生活能力,应早发现、早诊断老年患者的认知功能障碍,及早进行日常生活能力和认知功能训练,尽可能地降低老年人认知障碍程度.     

肠造口患者及家属焦虑抑郁状况及对患者造口自护能力的影响

目的了解造口患者及家属围手术期及术后近期焦虑、抑郁的变化情况,探讨其可能的原因,以及焦虑抑郁对患者造口自我护理能力的影响。方法应用汉密顿焦虑及抑郁量表、造口适应量表和造口自我效能量表,对45组造口患者及家属围手术期(术前、术后3天)及术后1、3、6个月分别进行测量,对所得结果进行统计分析。结果造口患者及家属围手术期及术后近期焦虑与抑郁评分组内比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);术后6个月家属焦虑、抑郁与患者自我效能及造口适应水平呈正相关(均P0.01)。结论造口患者家属的负性情绪影响患者对造口的适应水平及焦虑抑郁水平,医护人员应在术前早期对患者及家属提供支持和帮助,使其较好地控制焦虑、抑郁,并在术后持续关注患者生理、心理需求,提高患者造口适应能力,恢复身心健康。     

心脏移植后受者抑郁焦虑状况的调查

目的 调查心脏移植受者术后的抑郁焦虑状况.方法 共有58例心脏移植受者被纳入研究,由精神科医生采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对受者进行评估.抑郁症和焦虑症的诊断不仅要符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第三版)(CCMD-3)的诊断标准,并且HAMD得分或HAMA得分需≥14分.支持抑郁症和焦虑症的共病诊断.结果 所有受者抑郁症患病率为15.5％(9/58),焦虑症患病率为22.5％(13/58),同时诊断为抑郁症和焦虑症的患病率为13.8％ (8/58).术后1年内受者的抑郁症和焦虑症患病率分别为16.7％ (2/12)和33.3％ (4/12).多因素回归分析结果显示,HAMA总分与HAMD总分呈正相关(P＜0.01,95％可信区间为0.605～0.834),与其他因素均无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论 心脏移植受者抑郁症和焦虑症的患病率高,且抑郁和焦虑常合并存在.     

团体叙事心理干预对青少年抑郁症患者的影响

目的 探讨团体叙事心理干预对改善青少年抑郁症患者的效果。方法 将2021年12月至2022年2月收治的51例青少年抑郁症患者分为对照组,2022年3～5月收治的51例青少年抑郁症患者分为干预组,对照组行常规心理护理,干预组在常规心理护理基础上实施团体叙事心理干预,内容包括成立团体叙事心理干预小组、确定团体叙事活动目标、评估患者个人心理状态、制订并实施团体叙事心理干预方案。干预后评价两组抑郁焦虑情绪。结果 两组干预后1个月、3个月、4个月抑郁、焦虑评分比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 团体叙事心理干预可有效改善青少年抑郁症患者抑郁焦虑情绪,促进其回归家庭社会。     

艾滋病患者社交回避苦恼、情绪社交孤立与焦虑抑郁的关系

目的探讨艾滋病患者情绪社会孤立、社交回避及苦恼与焦虑抑郁的关系,并分析社交回避及苦恼在情绪社会孤立与焦虑抑郁间的中介作用。方法采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、情绪-社交孤独量表、社交回避及苦恼量表对202例艾滋病患者进行调查。结果艾滋病患者焦虑和抑郁得分分别为(44.76±10.44)、(51.09±10.84);情绪社交孤立与社交回避苦恼得分分别为(6.37±4.59)、(11.31±6.87)。焦虑、抑郁与情绪社交孤立、社交回避苦恼呈正相关(均P0.01)。社交回避苦恼在情绪社交孤立与焦虑间起完全中介作用(中介效应为0.176),社交回避苦恼在情绪社交孤立与抑郁间起完全中介作用(中介效应为0.231)。结论艾滋病患者焦虑抑郁、情绪社会孤立、社交回避及苦恼较重,情绪社交孤立通过导致艾滋病患者的社交回避苦恼影响其焦虑和抑郁,医院应通过加强艾滋病患者的社会支持,减少其社交回避苦恼,促进其心理健康。     

Causal’ mapping’ of depression and anxiety among prostate cancer patients: a preliminary interview study

Background

Men with prostate cancer experience elevated levels of anxiety and depression, with some previous data suggesting that this is due to loss of previously-available social and personal reinforcing pleasant activities and abilities. Little is currently known about the range of activities/abilities that these patients lose, leaving open the question of how to best target lifestyle changes designed to help them overcome these negative effects on their mental health. This study used personal interviews to gather details of the pattern of lost activities/abilities from a sample of men with prostate cancer so that a self-report questionnaire might be developed for use in large-scale studies of the ‘causal map’ of anxiety and depression among these patients.

Method

Ten men who had received a diagnosis of, and treatment for, prostate cancer during the previous 30 months were voluntary participants in a personal interview that tapped their experiences of the diagnostic and treatment processes and the effects of these upon their lifestyles.

Results

Data confirmed the primary effect of lost activities/abilities (particularly sexual) on these men as being causal vectors for the development of anxiety and depression.

Conclusion

As well as providing an insight into the experiences of these prostate cancer patients, the findings reported here allowed for the development of a 50-item self-report questionnaire for exploration of the causal factors underlying anxiety and depression among prostate cancer patients.     

宣泄和认知行为干预对乳腺癌术后化疗患者焦虑抑郁的影响

目的探讨宣泄疗法和认知行为干预对乳腺癌术后化疗患者焦虑和抑郁的影响。方法选择2006年9月至2009年3月的97例乳腺癌术后化疗患者,分成试验组(47例)和对照组(50例),试验组在常规护理的基础上结合以宣泄、认知教育、放松训练为主的综合性护理干预措施,对照组仅⒚常规护理。护理干预前后分别采⒚Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)和Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪,比较两组患者焦虑和抑郁情绪的变化。结果试验组护理干预后较干预前焦虑和抑Ⅳ情绪有明显改善(P0.01)。结论VEGF在晚期胃癌组织中表达与治疗后的生存期有关,可能影响治疗方案的选择。     

Actual change in anxiety and depression among Australian men with prostate cancer

Background

The clinical significance of anxiety and depression in prostate cancer patients remains largely unclear. In particular, the importance of somatic symptoms and their change over time has been largely unaddressed in spite of their immediate relevance to an understanding of these psychosocial aspects of prostate cancer and its treatment.

Methods

Self-reports of current and previous states of anxiety and depression were collected from 183 Australian men with prostate cancer between 9 and 71 months (average = 1 year 10 months) after initial diagnosis. An ‘Actual Change’ methodology was used to overcome the effects of extraneous sources of invalidity. Statistical tests of the total scores and specific item-changes over time were conducted.

Results

Mean anxiety and depression levels reduced from time of diagnosis to time of the survey, with the most prominent changes being associated with reductions in psychomotor agitation, weakness, fatigue and pessimism. Clinically significant anxiety reduced from about 20% to 12%; clinical depression reduced from about 24% to 12.5%.

Conclusion

While many prostate patients reported anxiety and depression at the time of receiving their diagnosis, about half of those for whom these disorders were of clinical significance had lowered their symptomatology 2 years later. Assessment of somatic symptoms remains a key indicator of depression and anxiety among this patient group.     

Prevalence of postpartum depression and anxiety among women with spinal cord injury

Objective: To examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum anxiety (PPA) in mothers with spinal cord injury (SCI).Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.Setting: Online multi-national study.Participants: We surveyed an international sample of 102 women who gave birth following cervical SCI (C1–C8, n = 30), upper thoracic SCI (T1–T6, n = 12) or lower level SCI (T7 & below, n = 60). Participants were primarily from Canada and Sweden, and mean age at childbirth was 30 ± 6 years.Outcome Measures: Subscales from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were used to measure PPD (PRAMS-3D) and PPA (PRAMS-2A).Results: PPD and PPA were most prevalent in women with cervical SCI, followed by upper thoracic SCI then lower SCI. Self-reported PPD was more prevalent than clinically diagnosed PPD in women with cervical SCI (P = 0.03) and upper thoracic SCI (P = 0.03). With cervical SCI, 75% of women diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy scored >9 on the PRAMS PPD subscale, indicating clinically relevant PPD. However, only 10% were diagnosed with PPD. Of women with lower SCI diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy, 25% had a clinically relevant score for self-reported PPD; 7% were diagnosed.Conclusions: This is currently the largest study examining PPD and PPA after SCI. Clinicians should be aware that mothers with SCI (particularly high-level SCI) may have increased risk of PPD and PPA. PPD is poorly understood in women with SCI and may even be underdiagnosed. SCI-related risk factors for PPD and PPA should be explored.     

假体隆乳者围手术期的焦虑症状和抑郁症状调查分析

目的 调查分析假体隆乳者围手术期的焦虑症状和抑郁症状,为制定心理干预措施提供依据.方法 对123例假体隆乳者,应用Hamiltom焦虑量表和Hamiltom抑郁量表,分别于术前和术后测评焦虑和抑郁水平.结果 手术前后焦虑量表评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,抑郁量表评分手术前后差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.同时发现,术后焦虑与术前焦虑和抑郁均呈正相关（r=0.377,0.313,P=0.001）,而术后抑郁与术前焦虑和抑郁也均呈正相相关（r=0.359,0.298,P=0.001）.提示术前有焦虑症状和抑郁症状者,术后1周出现焦虑和抑郁的概率非常大.结论 隆乳者焦虑症状术前明显高于术后,术后逐渐下降;术前有焦虑症状和抑郁症状者,在术后1周出现焦虑和抑郁的概率非常大.     

Evaluation of depression and anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients receiving follow-up in France for systemic sclerosis. PATIENTS: We prospectively evaluated 42 patients admitted for a follow-up evaluation of systemic sclerosis, including 18 with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma and 24 with limited cutaneous scleroderma. Patients admitted for recent organ involvement were excluded. Mean age was 57 +/- 13 years, mean disease duration was 10.2 +/- 8 years, and the mean functional Health Assessment Questionnaire score was 0.682 +/- 0.649. Only four patients had a history of antidepressive drug therapy. We used the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale to evaluate depression and anxiety, respectively. RESULTS: Eighteen (43%) patients met criteria for depression and 11 (26%) had scores above the cutoff usually taken to define moderate-to-severe depression. Twenty-seven (64%) patients met criteria for minor anxiety and eight (19%) for major anxiety. Depression and anxiety were strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.89; P < 0.0001). The MADRS score was significantly higher in the patients with pulmonary restrictive disease (P = 0.009) but was not associated with the extent of skin involvement, organ involvement, or disability. CONCLUSION: Systemic scleroderma is associated with a high prevalence of depression and anxiety. These disorders should be looked for routinely and the need for specific treatment evaluated.     

血液透析与心力衰竭患者抑郁和焦虑的比较

目的 比较维持性血液透析患者与心力衰竭患者抑郁和焦虑程度.方法 采用Zung抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表分别评估21例心力衰竭患者(心力衰竭组)和22例维持性血液透析患者(血液透析组)抑郁和焦虑得分.结果 心力衰竭患者组抑郁和焦虑得分远远高于维持性血液透析患者组(P＜0.01).结论 心力衰竭患者的抑郁和焦虑程度重于维持...     

Risk factors for PTSD, anxiety, and depression among adolescents in Gaza

The present study examined among adolescents in Gaza the relationship between exposure to war stressors and psychological distress as well as the effects of age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Data were collected from a sample of 139 adolescents 12 to 17 years old. Results showed that adolescents reported elevated levels of intrusion, avoidance, and depression compared to levels in communities not affected by war in the recent past. The proportion scoring within the clinical range of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was 56.8% compared to 6.3% in peacetime populations, reflecting a Hedges's g of 1.29 (p < .001). Significant risk factors for PTSD were exposure (β = .377, p < .001), female gender (β = -.257, p < .001), older age (β = .280, p < .01), and an unemployed father (β = -.280, p < .01). Risk factors for anxiety were exposure (β = .304, p < .001), female gender (β = -.125, p < .01), and older age (β = 272, p < .01), whereas female gender (β = <.238, p < .001) was the only significant risk factor for depression. The present study suggests large individual differences in how adolescents are affected by war stressors.     

Symptoms of depression and anxiety over time in chronic hemodialysis patients

Background: Little is known about the course of the symptoms of depression/anxiety and the factors predictive of such courses in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed at evaluating the possible changes of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) over time, and factors associated with such changes in HD patients. Methods: We screened 110 patients for study participation. Of these, 30 were excluded because of dialytic vintage <6 months, alcohol/substance abuse, inability to answer to the questionnaires, diagnosis of psychotic or neurological disorders or recent stressful life events. Eighty patients were included in the study and BDI, HARS, Charlson Comorbidity Index, SF-36 Vitality Subscale, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), routine laboratory parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 were measured at baseline. The 18-month course of BDI and HARS was measured in patients with baseline BDI <=14. Results: At baseline, 42 patients had BDI >14 and 38 patients <=14. In patients with BDI <=14, the BDI decreased/remained stable in 19 and increased in 19. Patients with increased BDI had lower baseline MMSE (22.6 ± 2.6 vs. 25.9 ± 2.7, p=0.004) and higher baseline serum CRP (6.07 ± 4.2 vs. 1.64 ± 1.59, p=0.003). At multivariate analysis the relationship between BDI changes and MMSE and serum CRP was statistically significant. In 25 patients, the HARS decreased/remained stable, while in 13 it increased. Characteristics of the 2 groups of patients did not differ significantly. Conclusions: In a meaningful proportion of HD patients, symptoms of depression worsen over time, and CRP and MMSE are independent predictors of such change.     

原发性肝细胞癌患者术前焦虑抑郁状况及相关因素研究

目的研究原发性肝细胞癌患者术前焦虑抑郁状况及相关因素。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对2014年1月至2014年12月142例原发性肝细胞癌患者术前的焦虑、抑郁状况进行调查,并分析影响焦虑和抑郁发生的相关因素。结果 142例肝细胞癌患者术前SAS平均标准分为(55.41±10.13)分,69.01%(98/142)的患者伴有焦虑情绪,术前SDS平均标准分为(54.59±12.22)分,59.86%(85/142)的患者伴有抑郁情绪。教育程度、婚姻状况、医疗费用来源、经济状况等因素影响焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生。结论肝细胞癌患者术前焦虑抑郁情绪发生率较高,应充分认识此现象并给予合理干预。