Understanding Concussion Reporting Using a Model Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

PurposeAthlete's report of concussion symptoms to coaching or medical personnel is an important component of concussion risk reduction. This study applies a model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to the prediction of concussive symptom underreporting among late adolescent and young adult male ice hockey players.MethodsParticipants were members of an American Tier III Junior A ice hockey league (ages 18–21 years; male; n = 256). Twelve of 14 league teams and 97% of players within these teams agreed to participate. Written survey items assessed symptom reporting behavior, intention, perceived norms, self-efficacy, perceived outcomes of reporting, and concussion knowledge. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the significance of relationships hypothesized by the TPB-based model and the overall model fit. Data were collected in January 2013.ResultsResults supported the fit of the TPB-based model in explaining reporting behavior; all model pathways were significant in the hypothesized direction. Of the perceived reporting outcomes assessed, those related to athletic performance were identified as most strongly associated with reporting intention.ConclusionsResults of this study suggest the importance of considering factors such as perceived outcomes of reporting, perceived norms, and self-efficacy, in addition to knowledge, when analyzing concussion underreporting among adolescent athletes. As concussion education for athletes becomes increasingly mandated, testing and applying psychosocial theories such as TPB may help increase program efficacy.     

A Test of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Physical Activity in a Large Population Sample of Adolescents From Alberta, Canada

Purpose

To test the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in a large population sample of adolescents from Alberta, Canada.

Methods

4,073 adolescents completed a self-administered web-based survey related to physical activity (PA).

Results

TPB explained 59% and 43% of the variance for intention and behavior, respectively. Moderating (by gender) and mediating tests were supported.

Conclusions

TPB is useful for understanding PA in this population.     

Understanding Adherence to 5 Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day: A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective

ObjectiveThe primary purpose of the present study was to examine the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in explaining the 5-A-Day intentions and behavior of college students. A secondary purpose was to determine whether any of the TPB relationships were moderated by gender or ethnicity.DesignA prospective design that asked college students to complete a baseline TPB 5-A-Day questionnaire and a fruit and vegetable consumption measure 1 week later.SettingUndergraduate fitness and health classes at 2 universities in the southern United States.Participants511 college students with a mean age of 19.8 years (standard deviation = 2.71).Main Outcome MeasuresTPB variables and fruit and vegetable consumption.AnalysesPath analyses and invariance (ie, to examine ethnic and gender moderated) analyses.ResultsAffective attitude (β = .16, P < .05) and perceived behavioral control (β = .59, P < .05) were significant predictors of intention, which in turn was a significant predictor of behavior (β = .32, P < .05). Follow-up invariance analyses showed that none of the TPB relationships was moderated by gender or ethnicity.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe TPB may be a useful framework on which to base a 5-A-Day intervention for male and female college students of different ethnic backgrounds.     

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Intention to Comply With a Food Recall Message

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has provided considerable insight into the public's intention to comply with many different health-related messages, but has not been applied previously to intention to comply with food safety recommendations and recalls (Hallman & Cuite, 2010 Hallman, W. K. and Cuite, C. L. 2010. “Food recalls and the American public: Improving communications”. In Publication number RR-0310-020, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Food Policy Institute.  [Google Scholar]). Because food recalls can differ from other health messages in their urgency, timing, and cessation, the applicability of the TPB in this domain is unknown. The research reported here attempted to address this gap using a nationally representative consumer panel. Results showed that, consistent with the theory's predictions, attitudes and subjective norms were predictive of the intention to comply with a food recall message, with attitudes having a much greater impact on intent to comply than subjective norms. Perceived behavioral control failed to predict intention to comply. Implications of these results for health public relations and crisis communications and recommendations for future research were discussed.     

计划行为理论概述

计划行为理论是社会心理学中比较有影响力的理论,是理性行为理论的继承。计划行为理论包含的5要素是态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、行为意向和行为。计划行为理论具有良好的解释力和预测力,是许多研究的良好理论基础,在国外应用广泛,而在国内的研究相对很少,尤其在健康教育中的应用在国内开展得并不多,因此,有必要将计划行为理论具体应用到健康教育行为干预的实践中。     

Predicting Intentions to Breastfeed for Three Months,Six Months,and One Year Using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Body Satisfaction

Breastfeeding is one of the top maternal priorities for many organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Focusing on the goals of Healthy People 2020, as well as the recommendations of other organizations, this paper investigates the impacts on women’s intentions to breastfeed newborns for 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. This research used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a model to predict intentions for each duration of time. Body satisfaction was included as a moderating variable given research demonstrating a possible connection of body satisfaction to breastfeeding.

A survey of 156 pregnant women was conducted. Results demonstrated the importance of the three TPB measures in predicting intentions. Further, significant interactions between body satisfaction and attitudes, as well as body satisfaction and subjective norms were present in predicting intentions to exclusively breastfeed one’s baby from infant to 6 months of age. Theoretical implications are discussed, as well as practical implications for breastfeeding interventions and campaigns.     

Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to adolescent use and misuse of alcohol

This research assessed the plausibility and robustness of Ajzen'sTheory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting and explaininguse, frequency of use and misuse of alcohol among 3946 fifththrough eighth grade students in southeastern Michigan. Thestudy also compared the effectiveness of the TPB and the Theoryof Reasoned Action (TRA) in predicting intention to use alcohol.Data for this secondary analysis were part of a longitudinalstudy, and were collected in March and May of 1987. Resultsprovided strong support for the use of the TPB in this contextand suggest that the model is fairly robust. All model componentsreached significance at the 0.05 level. Intention to use alcoholexplained up to 26% of the variance in use, 38% of the variancein frequency of use and 30% of the variance in misuse of alcohol.In addition, up to 76% of the variance in intention to use alcoholwas explained by attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioralcontrol. Although both models were effective in predicting intentionto use alcohol, as expected, the TPB was more effective in predictingintention to use alcohol than was the TRA.     

Response to Commentaries: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Female Genital Cutting and Deinfibulation

Archives of Sexual Behavior -     

TPB量表运用于青少年锻炼行为的测量不变性

目的检验计划行为理论量表在青少年锻炼行为研究中的有效性、可靠性和测量不变性。方法 1292名中学生完成了锻炼态度、主观规范、行为控制感、意图以及自陈锻炼问卷的测量。采用验证性因素分析和多组模型比较方法检验量表的因素效度、信度,以及跨性别和年级的测量不变性。结果计划行为理论具有满意的因素效度和一致性信度;量表的跨性别和跨年级测量不变性基本得到认可。结论计划行为理论量表对青少年锻炼行为的测量有着普遍适用性。未来研究应检验计划行为理论预测锻炼行为的结构模型等值性。     

The Theory of Planned Behavior and the USDA Summer Food Service Program

ObjectiveExamine the impact of the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) on the intentions to positively change fruit and vegetable consumption in a rural, low-income adolescent population using the Theory of Planned Behavior.DesignQuantitative data collected via a pre-post intervention survey to determine predictors of positive nutrition behaviors and changes in self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption.SettingA mid-sized university.ParticipantsFifty-seven high school students. Participants were primarily female (n = 36) and white (n = 56).InterventionParticipants followed the standards of the SFSP for 5 weeks and were provided with mandatory and optional nutrition education sessions.Main Outcome MeasureIntentions to change nutrition behaviors.AnalysisMultiple regression.ResultsPaired-sample t test showed a significant increase in knowledge from pretest (mean [M] = 11.18, SD = 1.68) to posttest (M = 12.91, SD = 1.76); t[56] = −8.09, P < 0.001; (t[56] = −8.09, P < 0.001) and in self-reported fruit and vegetable intake from pretest (M = 13.96, SD = 4.23) to posttest (M = 16.80, SD = 5.42); (t[56] = −3.20, P = 0.002). Regression demonstrated that all constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior were significant (F[4, 52] = 14.56, P < 0.001 with an R² of 0.53) for their effects on behavior intentions with perceived behavioral control being the most salient predictor.Conclusions and ImplicationsOpportunities for shaping adolescent nutrient intake and eating behaviors during enrollment in the SFSP exist. Reinforcing positive attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control may help to increase nutrition behavioral intentions and nutrition behaviors.     

Female Genital Cutting and Deinfibulation: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Research and Practice

At least 200 million girls and women across the world have experienced female genital cutting (FGC). International migration has grown substantially in recent decades, leading to a need for health care providers in regions of the world that do not practice FGC to become knowledgeable and skilled in their care of women who have undergone the procedure. There are four commonly recognized types of FGC (Types I, II, III, and IV). To adhere to recommendations advanced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and numerous professional organizations, providers should discuss and offer deinfibulation to female patients who have undergone infibulation (Type III FGC), particularly before intercourse and childbirth. Infibulation involves narrowing the vaginal orifice through cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or labia majora, and creating a covering seal over the vagina with appositioned tissue. The WHO has published a handbook for health care providers that includes guidance in counseling patients about deinfibulation and performing the procedure. Providers may benefit from additional guidance in how to discuss FGC and deinfibulation in a manner that is sensitive to each patient’s culture, community, and values. Little research is available to describe decision-making about deinfibulation among women. This article introduces a theoretically informed conceptual model to guide future research and clinical conversations about FGC and deinfibulation with women who have undergone FGC, as well as their partners and families. This conceptual model, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, may facilitate conversations that lead to shared decision-making between providers and patients.

     

Construal Level Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior: Time Frame Effects on Salient Belief Generation

This study tests implications of different time specifications in behavioral definitions as used in belief-elicitation research. Using construal level theory and the theory of planned behavior as complementary frameworks, the authors examined temporal frame effects on beliefs about eating fruits and vegetables and beliefs about condom use generated in a belief-elicitation study. Consistent with propositions from construal level theory, the authors found that temporal perspective (performing the behavior tomorrow, in 3 months, in 6 months, or in 5 years) affects the type of salient behavioral beliefs, such that individuals generate more feasibility (efficacy) beliefs when thinking about proximal behaviors, but more desirability (attitudinal and normative) beliefs when the behavior in question is distal. The authors' results indicate the importance of time frame in behavioral definitions in belief-elicitation research.     

Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to healthy eating behaviors in urban Native American youth

Background  

To investigate the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict healthy eating behavior in a group of urban Native American youth.     

Using Extreme Value Theory to Assess the Mortality Risk of Tornado Outbreaks

The majority of tornado fatalities occur during severe thunderstorm occurrences that produce a large number of tornadoes,termed tornado outbreaks.This study used extreme value theory to estimate the impact of tornado outbreaks on fatalities while accounting for climate and demographic factors.The findings indicate that the number of fatalities increases with the increase of tornado outbreaks.Additionally,this study undertook a counterfactual analysis to determine what would have been the probabi...