关节镜空心钉内固定术治疗老年踝关节骨折的中长期评估

目的探究关节镜空心钉内固定术治疗老年踝关节骨折的中长期疗效。方法选择2017年6月至2019年6月72例踝关节发生骨折的老年患者,随机分为观察组36例行关节镜空心钉内固定术,对照组36例行切开复位。观察两组临床指标及术后36个月内并发症的发生情况,比较两组治疗前、后6、12、36个月踝关节功能。结果与对照组比,观察组患者出血量、骨折愈合、住院时间、手术时间较好,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组踝关节评分均升高,且在治疗后6个月、12个月,观察组踝关节评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后36个月,两组踝关节功能评分比较,无显著差异(P0.05)。治疗后36个月内,与对照组比,观察组术后并发症发生率(2.78%比13.89%)低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜空心钉内固定术治疗老年踝关节骨折,可明显改善患者踝关节功能,且中长期的并发症发生率较低。     

手法整复外固定术与切开复位内固定治疗B型踝关节骨折的早期临床效果比较

目的对比分析手法整复外固定术和切开复位内固定术治疗B型踝关节骨折早期临床效果,探讨其临床适用性。方法选择从2014年3月至2015年10月于我院接诊的68例B型踝关节骨折患者,按照随机数字表,随机抽取试验组34例和对照组34例,对照组患者全部采用切开复位内固定术治疗,试验组患者则进行手法整复外固定术治疗。观察两组患者的骨折复位情况,两组患者术后的肿胀消退时间和住院时间,分析患者的骨折愈合时间及踝关节功能活动评分情况。结果两种治疗方法在B1型和B2型的踝关节骨折分型中的治疗优良率均无显著差异(P0.05),对于B3型踝关节骨折中,对照组患者的优良率92.3%,显著高于试验组患者的治疗优良率58.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者骨折治疗后肿胀消退时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但对照组患者平均住院时间比试验组患者长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访两组患者各骨折分组类型的骨折愈合时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两种复位方法对B1型和B2型踝关节骨折分型术后的踝关节功能评分AOFAS各项分值中比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),在B3型踝关节骨折中,对照组患者的AOFAS评分优于试验组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手法整复外固定术和切开复位内固定术治疗B1型和B2型的踝关节骨折方面在术后疗效方面无显著差异,但手术内固定术在治疗B3型的踝关节骨折中更加有效,术后的踝关节功能评分显著获益。     

水中步行训练对胫骨平台骨折术后患者的康复疗效

目的探讨水中步行疗法对胫骨平台骨折术后患者的康复疗效。方法选择胫骨平台骨折术后患者44例,随机分为2组,对照组22例给予常规康复训练,治疗组22例术后在常规康复训练基础上进行水中步行疗法。术后随访时间3~6个月,采用HSS膝关节功能评分系统判断疗效。结果术后3、6个月两组患者的HSS膝关节功能评分总分及优良率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论水中步行疗法在胫骨平台骨折康复中,有较好的治疗作用。     

踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合韧带损伤的手术疗效分析

目的探讨踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合韧带损伤内固定手术的效果。方法选取2015-05—2017-02间东莞市人民医院骨伤科收治的104例踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合韧带损伤患者,根据手术方法不同分组。对照组实施常规非内固定治疗,观察组实施内固定术治疗。比较2组的治疗效果。结果观察组患者的骨折愈合时间短于对照组,术后6个月的踝关节功能评分高于对照组,二次手术发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合韧带损伤患者应用内固定术治疗,有助于坚强固定、术后开展功能锻炼及促进骨折愈合。     

经皮微创撬拨复位内固定对跟骨骨折患者术后踝关节功能的影响

目的探讨经皮微创撬拨复位内固定对跟骨骨折患者术后踝关节功能的影响。方法根据手术方案不同将51例跟骨骨折患者分为2组。对照组(25例)采用切开复位内固定术,观察组(26例)采用经皮微创撬拨复位内固定术。结果观察组手术时间短于对照组,术中出血量及术后并发症少于对照组,术后6个月的踝关节功能评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮微创撬拨复位内固定术治疗跟骨骨折,创伤小、手术时间短、并发症发生率低,术后踝关节功能恢复效果满意。     

复杂肱骨近端骨折行微创内固定术治疗效果研究

目的探讨微创内固定在复杂肱骨近端骨折治疗中的效果。方法随机2016年9月至2018年10月于医院骨科住院且行手术治疗的92例复杂肱骨近端骨折患者按照随机抛硬币法分成两组,其中对照组与观察组各46例。对照组采用传统手术方法治疗;观察组采用微创内固定术治疗。记录并比较两组各项手术指标(术中出血量、平均手术时间和术后住院时间及制动时间);采用数字模拟评分法(VAS)评价两组术后疼痛状况;分别于术前、术后3个月、6个月评价两组肩关节功能状况。记录两组患者术后并发症。结果观察组术中出血量、平均手术时间和术后住院时间及术后制动时间较对照组明显减少,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后1周、术后4周时VAS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术后3个月、6个月时肩关节功能评分较术前明显提高,且观察组术后3个月、6个月时肩关节功能评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论微创内固定术用于治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折可减轻患者痛苦,且术后并发症少,有利于促进其康复。     

支撑钢板与螺钉固定治疗后Pilon骨折的疗效比较

目的观察支撑钢板与螺钉固定用于治疗后Pilon骨折的临床疗效差异。方法以136例创伤性后Pilon骨折患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(68例)和研究组(68例),所有患者均进行手术切开复位,对照组实施支撑钢板固定术,研究组实施螺钉固定术,比较两组手术指标差异,评价术后踝关节功能及疼痛反应,观察术后并发症。结果两组患者术中出血量、手术操作耗时、切口长度、住院时间和切口愈合时间差异均不具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者骨折愈合时间和完全负重时间均显著短于对照组水平(P0.05);研究组术后3个月AOFAS评分显著高于对照组水平(P0.05),而两组术后12个月AOFAS评分差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未出现较为严重的术后并发症。结论支撑钢板固定术可有效缩短后Pilon骨折患者术后康复周期,提高踝关节功能恢复速度,且安全性高。     

早期康复训练和针对性护理应用于踝关节骨折术后患者的效果

目的探讨早期康复训练和针对性护理应用于踝关节骨折术后患者的效果。方法回顾性分析确山县人民医院骨科2017-10—2020-11行手术治疗的80例踝关节骨折患者的临床资料。以术后早期康复训练和针对性护理开始时间为分组依据,其中2019-01—2020-11的40例术后实施早期康复训练和针对性护理方案(观察组),选择2017-10—2018-12的40例术后行常规康复训练和护理的患者为对照组。比较2组患者的基线资料。术前及术后3个月、6个月时,记录2组患者踝关节活动度,采用踝关节功能评分(AOFAS)评价踝关节功能。统计术后随访期间并发症发生率。结果2组患者的基线资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前踝关节活动度和AOFAS评分情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月、6个月时2组患者的踝关节活动度和AOFAS评分均较术前改善,其中观察组患者的改善效果优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间观察组患者的并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对踝关节骨折术后患者早期开展康复训练和针对性护理,有利于改善踝关节活动度和功能,并发症风险低,应用效果肯定。     

胫骨平台骨折术后患者动静平衡康复训练的实施

目的探讨动静平衡康复训练对胫骨平台骨折术后患者平衡和行走功能的影响。方法按随机数字表法将66例胫骨平台骨折钢板内固定术后患者分为观察组和对照组各33例,对照组术后按常规进行康复训练,即在无痛状态下指导患者进行肢体被动、主动锻炼,观察组进行动静平衡康复训练,于术后4周比较两组患者康复疗效、膝关节功能、肌力及活动舒适度。结果观察组关节功能康复效果、肌力恢复程度及膝关节功能评分显著优于或高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论遵循"动静平衡"原理,采取制动休息与主被动活动指导不同类型的胫骨平台骨折患者进行康复功能煅炼,使训练过程达到了一种动态的平衡,取得良好的康复效果。     

锚钉修复联合切开复位内固定术与切开复位内固定术治疗踝关节骨折并三角韧带损伤的临床效果比较

目的探讨锚钉修复联合切开复位内固定术与切开复位内固定术治疗踝关节骨折并三角韧带损伤的临床效果。方法前瞻性纳入2018-01—2020-01间于温县人民医院骨外科行手术治疗的踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤患者,依据术式分为开复位内固定术组(对照组)和锚钉修复联合切开复位内固定术组(观察组)。比较2组患者的基线资料、手术相关指标。分别于术后1个月、6个月采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价患者的疼痛程度;根据踝关节Baird-Jackson评分标准评估踝关节功能。结果 2组患者的基线资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者的住院时间与骨折愈合时间比对照组短,术后1个月时的VAS评分比对照组低,Baird-Jackson评分比对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月时,2组患者的Baird-Jackson评分比第1个月高,且观察组比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但2组VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论锚钉修复联合切开复位内固定治疗踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤,能有效促进患者术后恢复、改善患者疼痛症状和增强踝关节功能,临床效果显著。但仍需更大样本前瞻性随机对照研究予以证实。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.