A novel controlled porosity osmotic pump system for sodium ferulate

A controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP) delivery system for sodium ferulate was prepared with cellulose acetate (CA) as semipermeable membrane, polyethyleneglycol 400 (PEG 400) as channeling agent and dibutylphthalate (DBP) as plasticizer and release controller. Effects of coating levels, PEG and DBP content and amount of sodium chloride on in vitro release were studied. Coating formulations were optimized by a L9 (34) orthogonal array design (OAD) with three factors at three levels using statistical analysis. Controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets of sodium ferulate made with the optimal formulation were found to have good in vitro and in vivo release characteristics.     

丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜处方工艺考察

目的对自制的丹皮酚渗透泵片进行包衣膜处方工艺考察。方法将含2.5%乙基纤维素(EC)、10%邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、10%聚乙二醇-4000(PEG-4000)的无水乙醇包衣液采用喷雾法制备成丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜,通过考察吸水量,观察释药前后的表面形态变化并进行包衣后的释放度测定,对包衣膜进行性质考察。结果丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜柔韧、致密、均匀,能保证适当的水分进入,并且释放度测定表明丹皮酚渗透泵片在12 h能实现很好的零级释放。结论将含2.5%EC、10%DBP、10%PEG-4000的无水乙醇包衣液采用喷雾法制备成的丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜性能良好,为丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜处方筛选和质量控制提供了一定的实验依据。     

吲达帕胺微孔渗透泵片的设计与制备

目的 设计并制备吲达帕胺微孔渗透泵片剂.方法通过单因素考察和正交试验设计,以释放度为指标筛选优化处方.结果 以微晶纤维素(MCC)、可压性淀粉、乳糖、氯化钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC) K4M、十二烷基硫酸钠为片芯材料;以醋酸纤维素、聚乙二醇(PEG) 400、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的丙酮溶液为包衣液,制备了...     

萘普生溶解性能的研究

本文对萘普生在不同碱性药物的溶液中的溶解性能和稳定性以及在不同溶媒和复合溶媒的溶解性能进行了初步的研究。绘制了萘普生在聚乙二醇_(400)、乙醇、水系统和在二甲基亚砜、PEG400、水系统中的助溶相图,对选择合理的复合溶媒配比,了解溶液的可稀释程度具有一定的指导意义。选择适当配比的上述两种复合溶媒,其溶解量均在50mg/ml以上。     

盐酸二甲双胍渗透泵控释片的制备及体外释放度考察

目的研究盐酸二甲双胍渗透泵控释片的制备工艺及体外释药的影响因素。方法通过单因素考察和正交试验,优化制备工艺。结果盐酸二甲双胍渗透泵控释片的体外释药符合零级释放规律,释药速率受PEG种类、PEG用量、包衣膜重量影响较大,在一定范围内,释药孔大小、片芯硬度、溶出介质pH值和桨转速对其影响较小。结论盐酸二甲双胍渗透泵控释片工艺稳定,能够达到9h明显的恒速释药。     

磷酸川芎嗪微孔渗透泵片的研制及释药机制研究

目的:制备磷酸川芎嗪微孔渗透泵片,并进行处方优化和释药机制考察。方法:利用单因素考察和正交试验设计,优化筛选出最佳处方;测定不同处方制剂累积释药百分率;并对其释药机制进行探讨。结果:包衣膜中致孔剂聚乙二醇400用量、片芯羟丙甲基纤维素含量、增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯用量、包衣增重为影响药物释放的4个重要因素。最优处方为聚乙二醇400用量10%,羟丙甲基纤维素用量5%,增塑剂10%,包衣增重12mg,制得微孔渗透泵片在12h内呈现零级控释释放特征(r=0.99981),累积释放率为94.2%,批间重现性良好,不受胃肠道环境影响;释药机制包括渗透泵机制和扩散机制,以渗透泵机制为主。结论:该微孔渗透泵片处方及制备工艺简单有效,12h零级释放特征显著,重现性好,可为工业生产提供理论依据。     

包衣处方对盐酸文拉法辛微孔渗透泵型控释片体外释药的影响

目的考察包衣处方对盐酸文拉法辛口服微孔渗透泵控释片体外释药的影响,并优选最佳包衣处方。方法考察聚乙二醇400(PEG400)的用量、包衣增量、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的种类和用量4个因素对释放的影响,并通过正交设计优化包衣处方。结果盐酸文拉法辛微孔渗透泵控释片的体外释药符合零级释放规律,释药速率受致孔剂、增塑剂、衣膜厚度的影响均较大。结论通过对包衣处方的优化,盐酸文拉法辛口服微孔渗透泵控释片能够恒速释药。     

天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片的制备及其药动学评价

目的：制备天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片,并探究其在家兔体内的药动学特性。方法：采用湿法制粒压片法制备片芯,以包衣增重、醋酸纤维素用量、聚乙二醇400（PEG 400）用量为考察因素,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法优选包衣处方,通过薄膜包衣法制备天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片,考察其释放度;分别单剂量给予家兔缓释片和市售普通片,评价其体内药动学行为。结果：以天麻素、羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30（PVP K30）、氯化钠（NaCl）和α-乳糖等量递增法混匀,制得片重为200 mg的含药片芯;最优包衣处方为包衣增重2%、醋酸纤维素用量5%、PEG 400用量6.5%。体外释药试验表明,与参比制剂相比,天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片12 h内缓慢释药。家兔单剂量给予缓释片和市售普通片后,二者在家兔体内的t_1/2分别为4.971 h和1.793 h,AUC_0-∞分别为9.405 μg·mL^-1·h^-1和3.253 μg·mL^-1·h^-1。结论：所制备的天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片具有较好的缓释效果,可以作为天麻素新剂型研究的参考。     

Premature excess release from the Alzet osmotic pump

This paper alerts investigators to the possibility of an excessive early release from the Alzet osmotic pump. In this research, rats were implanted with 7-day minipumps (model 2001) containing 24 mg/kg/day pyridostigmine, and blood samples were taken at intervals from 5 to 60 min after implantation. All samples showed that blood serum cholinesterase activity was markedly depressed as compared with those of controls. This finding demonstrated that animals were receiving the drug well before the pump's 4- to 6-hr start-up transient period. In a separate study, dye filled pumps were monitored for release when dropped into distilled water at 24 degrees C or 37 degrees C. The pump in the 37 degrees C water released approximately 5% of its contents within 30 sec of submersion, while the pump in the 24 degrees C water released virtually no dye. The early release appears to have been caused by expansion of the pump's contents when the pump, at room temperature, was implanted in the warmer animal.     

丹酚酸B渗透泵控释片的制备

目的:研究丹酚酸B渗透泵控释片的处方及工艺,并对影响累积释放度的各种因素进行考察。方法:以体外累积释放度作为评价指标,采用单因素考察确定最优处方。结果:促渗剂的种类及剂量、聚乙二醇的种类及剂量、包衣增重对累积释放度有显著影响,片芯硬度、释药孔径、释放介质及转速对累积释放度无显著影响。结论:丹酚酸B渗透泵控释片在12 h内呈现良好的零级释放(r=0.993 1),药物累积释放比较完全(>92%)。     

乌拉地尔渗透泵片的制备

目的:制备体外24h恒速释药的乌拉地尔渗透泵片。方法:以氯化钠和高、低分子量(4×106、2×105)的聚氧化乙烯(PEO)组成片芯,醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇400为包衣液,制备乌拉地尔渗透泵片;采用相似因子(f2)为指标筛选片芯处方,并考察了其释药机制。结果:与理想释药曲线最接近的片芯处方组成为乌拉地尔60mg,氯化钠190mg,PEO(Mr4×106)90mg,PEO(Mr2×105)90mg,药物24h维持零级释放。结论:本渗透泵片制备方法简便,且零级释药特征明显。     

卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒的制备及其性能

目的:制备卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒,并对其性能进行研究。方法:以卡维地洛作为模型药物,以氯化钠为渗透压活性物质,酒石酸为溶解度调节剂,醋酸纤维素为包衣膜材,PEG400为水溶性致孔剂,采用正交试验设计法L9(34)优选卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒制备工艺。结果:卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒在模拟胃肠环境中按零级动力学方式释放药物,具有明显的渗透泵特征和控释效果,且基本不受胃肠pH环境的影响,12 h内累积释放度可达71.90%。结论:卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒处方组成合理、制备工艺可行,可望成为一种新的卡维地洛控释剂型。     

中药口服渗透泵制剂的研究进展

通过查阅近几年国内外有关中药口服渗透泵制剂相关的文献,发现在中药单一成分、有效部位和复方等方面均有研究报道,内容主要是渗透泵制剂的制备工艺和体外释放度评价,也有制剂缓释作用综合评价方法和体外释放机制的探索,综述了近年来中药口服渗透泵制剂的研究进展.随着中医药基础研究的深入,渗透泵制剂技术的发展,中药口服渗透泵制剂研究有着广阔的发展前景.     

Preparation of monolithic osmotic pump system by coating the indented core tablet.

A method for the preparation of monolithic osmotic pump tablet was obtained by coating the indented core tablet compressed by the punch with a needle. Atenolol was used as the model drug, sodium chloride as osmotic agent and polyethylene oxide as suspending agent. Ethyl cellulose was employed as semipermeable membrane containing polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer for controlling membrane permeability. The formulation of atenolol osmotic pump tablet was optimized by orthogonal design and evaluated by similarity factor (f2). The optimal formulation was evaluated in various release media and agitation rates. Indentation size of core tablet hardly affected drug release in the range of (1.00-1.14) mm. The optimal osmotic tablet was found to be able to deliver atenolol at an approximately constant rate up to 24h, independent of both release media and agitation rate. The method that is simplified by coating the indented core tablet with the elimination of laser drilling may be promising in the field of the preparation of osmotic pump tablet.     

Design and evaluation of osmotic pump-based controlled release system of Ambroxol Hydrochloride

The purpose of the present study was to design and evaluate an osmotic pump-based drug delivery system for controlling the release of Ambroxol Hydrochloride (Amb). Citric acid, lactose and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) were employed as osmotic agents. Surelease EC containing polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) controlling the membrane porosity was used as semi-permeable membrane. The formulation of tablet core was optimized by orthogonal design and evaluated by weighted mark method. The influences of the amount of PEG 400 and membrane thickness on Amb release were investigated. The optimal osmotic pump tablet (OPT) was evaluated in different release media and at different stirring rates. The major release power confirmed was osmotic pressure. The release of Amb from OPT was verified at a rate of approximately zero-order, and cumulative release percentage at 12?h was 92.6%. The relative bioavailability of Amb OPT in rabbits relative to the commercial sustained capsule was 109.6%. Our results showed that Amb OPT could be a practical preparation with a good prospect.     

Investigation of the solubility relationships of polar,semi-polar and non-polar drugs in mixed co-solvent systems

The solubility relationships of a non-polar (tioconazole), polar (oxfenieine) and semi-polar (caffeine) drug have been investigated in aqueous ethanol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) binary co-solvent systems. A semi-empirical equation was deduced to describe the relationship between the amount of drug dissolved and the volume fraction of co-solvent employed. The data for tioconazole and oxfenicine followed the expected semi-logarithmic relationship between solubility and fraction co-solvent. However, the semi-polar drug, caffeine followed this relationship only with PEG 400; the other two co-solvents yielded parabolic relationships.Using the binary solubility data, multiple linear regression was used to deduce an equation for the solubility of tioconazole in ternary ethanol, propylene glycol and PEG 400 co-solvent systems. The derived relationship gave excellent prediction of the drug solubility throughout the complete volume fraction range. This allowed a graphical representation of the drug solubility-co-solvent fraction relationship to be established. This visualization of are drug solubility relationship was then used to demonstrate its utility to optimize drug solubility within the competing constraints of the pharmaceutical system.     

夹芯渗透泵片用于水不溶性药物的控制释放夹芯渗透泵片用于水不溶性药物的控制释放

目的研究夹芯渗透泵片用于水不溶性药物的24 h控制释放。方法以硝苯吡啶为模型药物,制备夹芯渗透泵片,研究处方、释药孔径等因素对夹芯渗透泵片释药规律的影响,并考察包衣的机械性质。结果药物层中聚氧乙烯和膨胀层中氯化钾对释药的正面影响最大。在0.50～1.40 mm,孔径对释药影响不大。醋酸纤维素包衣牢固可靠,能承受0.34～2.85 MPa的内压。结论夹芯渗透泵片能24 h匀速释放水不溶性药物。环境介质和搅拌对释药的影响不大。与市售双层渗透泵片相比,夹芯渗透泵片免去了打孔前的药物层辨认过程,制备过程简化。     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel osmotic pump tablets of isosorbide-5-mononitrate containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) for controlled release

A novel osmotic pump tablet with ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the semipermeable membrane and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) as the model drug was formulated in this study. Zero order release kinetics were attained by avoiding aging during storage. Drug release increased with an increase in the percentage of PVP K30 in the semipermeable membrane. However, drug release decreased with increased coating weight. Drug release rates decreased continuously for tablets coated with EC/PEG4000 and cellulose acetate (CA)/PEG4000. This tendency was more marked with longer storage time. However, there was little change in drug release rates for tablets with a semipermeable membrane of EC/PVP K30 at 6, 12 or 24 months. The weight loss test also validated the results mentioned above. The relative bioavailability of the osmotic-pump tablets against the reference formulation in single and multiple dose regimens was 116.7 and 106.5, respectively. This means that the bioavailability of osmotic pump tablets using PVP as the plasticiser was equal to that of the reference formulation. In general, 5-ISMN osmotic pump tablets with a semipermeable membrane composed of EC/PVP K30 may be useful in providing constant drug delivery with minimum fluctuations during longer storage time.     

中心复合设计法制备盐酸奈福泮微孔渗透泵控释片

目的以盐酸奈福泮为模型药物制备微孔渗透泵,控制其在24 h内维持零级释放,且最终释药量达90%以上。方法采用中心复合设计法优化处方。以24 h累计释药量和释药速率为考察指标对包衣膜PEG-400含量和包衣膜厚度2个自变量进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,并进行预测分析。结果2个影响因素和2个评价指标之间存在定量关系,优化处方各指标的预测值和目标值接近。结论经中心复合设计优化的盐酸奈福泮微孔渗透泵片能24 h零级释药。     

Solubility-modulated monolithic osmotic pump tablet for atenolol delivery.

A method for the preparation of monolithic osmotic pump tablet was obtained by modulating atenolol solubility with acid. Tartaric acid was used as solubility promoter, sodium chloride as osmotic agent and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as retardant agent. Ethyl cellulose was employed as semipermeable membrane containing polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer. The formulation of atenolol monolithic osmotic pump tablet was optimized by orthogonal design and evaluated by similarity factor (f(2)). The optimal monolithic osmotic pump tablet was found to be able to deliver atenolol at the rate of approximate zero-order up to 24h, independent of release media and agitation rate. The approach of solubility-modulated by acid-alkali reaction might be used for the preparation of osmotic pump tablet of other poorly water-soluble drugs with alkaline or acid groups.