正畸拔除下颌第一磨牙对第三磨牙位置变化的影响

目的：通过比较正畸采用不同拔牙模式后第三磨牙位置的改变,探讨拔除下颌第一磨牙后对第三磨牙萌出的影响。方法：选择拔除下颌第一磨牙（15例）、第一前磨牙（20例）及非拔牙（20例）的3组青少年病例,3组患者正畸治疗前后及保持2年后拍全颌曲面断层片,对第三磨牙萌出的各项评价指标变化量进行比较研究。结果：在正畸治疗前后,第三磨牙萌出间隙改变量,拔第一磨牙组大于拔第一前磨牙组和非拔牙组,且差异均具有统计学意义。第三磨牙萌出角度改变量,拔第一磨牙组大于拔第一前磨牙组和非拔牙组,且差异均具有统计学意义。正畸保持2年后萌出间隙变化量虽均有增加但不具有统计学意义,第三磨牙萌出角度变化量拔第一磨牙组大于拔第一前磨牙组和非拔牙组,且差异均具有统计学意义。结论：正畸治疗中拔除下颌第一磨牙可增大下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙,第三磨牙更加直立,对第三磨牙的萌出有利。     

拔除第一磨牙矫治后第三磨牙萌出情况初探

目的:通过比较不同拔牙方法矫治后第三磨牙萌出的情况,评价拔除第一磨牙矫治对第三磨牙萌出的影响.方法:选取拔除第一磨牙矫治、拔除第一前磨牙矫治和非拔牙矫治3组病例(上颌各20例、下颌各30例),对全颌曲面断层片中测得矫治前后第三磨牙萌出的各项评价指标变化量进行比较研究.结果:(1)第三磨牙萌出间隙及其与牙冠近远中径的比值变化量在3组之间均有统计学差异(P<0.05),拔第一磨牙组大于拔第一前磨牙组和非拔牙组.(2)上颌第三磨牙萌出角度变化量在3组之间均有统计学差异(P<0.05),拔第一磨牙组大于拔第一前磨牙组和非拔牙组;下颌第三磨牙萌出角度的改变量在各组之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:上颌拔除第一磨牙矫治较常规矫治能明显增加第三磨牙的萌出间隙并改善其萌出角度;下颌拔除第一磨牙矫治较常规矫治能明显增加第三磨牙萌出间隙,而对于第三磨牙萌出角度3组间并无明显差异.     

安氏Ⅱ类错不同矫治模式对下颌第三磨牙萌出的影响

目的比较不同矫治模式下成人安氏Ⅱ类错牙合患者下颌第三磨牙萌出状况的变化,探讨不同治疗方式对下颌第三磨牙萌出的影响。方法选取90例成人安氏Ⅱ类错牙合患者,分为不拔牙组(30例)、拔除第一前磨牙组(30例)和拔除第二前磨牙组(30例),矫治前后分别拍摄曲面体层片,测量下颌第三磨牙倾斜角度及萌出间隙,预测其萌出情况。结果与不拔牙组相比,拔牙组矫治前后下颌第三磨牙倾斜角度显著改善(P<0.05)。拔牙组矫治前后下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙明显增大(P<0.05)。3组间矫治前后萌出间隙变化具有统计学意义(P<0.001),非拔牙组下颌萌出间隙差值大于拔除第一前磨牙组,而拔除第一前磨牙大于拔除第二前磨牙组。预测拔除第二前磨牙组下颌第三磨牙萌出关系最好,其次是拔除第一前磨牙组,最后是非拔牙组。结论拔除下颌前磨牙利于矫治后第三磨牙倾斜角度及萌出间隙的改善,拔牙位置越靠后,其改善越显著,萌出概率也越大。     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(十一)——拔除第二磨牙与拔除第一前磨牙后第三磨牙牙胚位置的对比研究

目的：比较正畸治疗中拔除第二磨牙与拔除第一前磨牙后第三磨牙牙胚位置的不同改变。方法：选择拔除第二磨牙患者18例及拔除第一前磨牙患者20例,对两组治疗前后X线头颅侧位片进行测量分析。观察矫治前后第三磨牙在垂直方向、水平方向及倾斜角度的改变,比较两组间的差异。结果：两组病例上、下颌第三磨牙垂直位置的改变有显著性差异,拔除第二磨牙组比拔除第一前磨牙组第三磨牙向胎方移动快。水平距离的改变两组之间无差异。拔除第二磨牙组的下颌第三磨牙在矫治后明显竖直,与对照组之间存在显著性差异;矫治后两组上颌第三磨牙的角度均有较大改善,但两组之间的改变无差异。结论：拔除第二磨牙比拔除第一前磨牙加速了第三磨牙向骀方的移动,有利于下颌第三磨牙的竖直,为其以后的萌出创造了有利条件,减少了第三磨牙阻生的可能性。     

正畸拔除下颌第一磨牙对第三磨牙位置变化的影响

目的 通过比较不同拔牙模式正畸治疗后第三磨牙位置的改变,探讨拔除下颌第一磨牙对发育中的第三磨牙萌出的影响.方法 选择39例青少年患者,并分为3组:下颌第一磨牙拔除组、第一前磨牙拔除组及不拔牙组,所有患者正畸治疗前后均拍摄全颌曲面断层片,比较研究第三磨牙萌出的各项评价指标的变化.结果 下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙和萌出角度在正畸治疗前后的年平均变化量,第一磨牙拔除组>第一前磨牙拔除组>不拔牙组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙的年平均变化量,3组分别为(2.38±1.62)mm、(1.61±0.90)mm和(1.08±1.49)mm;萌出角度的年平均变化量,3组分别为1.89° ±1.93°,1.37° ±1.16°,和0.83° ±1.74°.结论 拔除下颌第一磨牙矫治可使第三磨牙的萌出间隙明显增加并使其萌出角度有所改善,对第三磨牙的萌出有利.     

拔除第一前磨牙对第三磨牙倾角的影响

目的研究正畸治疗中拔除第一前磨牙进行矫治和非拔牙矫治对第二磨牙和第三磨牙倾角的影响。方法选择56例上下颌第三磨牙均存在的青少年正畸患者,按拔牙与否分为拔牙组（30例,拔除4颗第一前磨牙）和非拔牙组（26例）,通过术前术后曲面断层片来测量患者上下颌第三磨牙长轴和平面的交角,第二磨牙与平面的交角以及第二、第三磨牙长轴的交角,并进行统计学分析。结果拔牙与非拔牙组矫治前后第三磨牙倾角均有不同程度的改善。与非拔牙组相比,拔牙组上下颌第三磨牙长轴与平面交角的变化量更大,2组间年平均变化量的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组矫治前后上下颌第二、第三磨牙长轴交角的变化无统计学差异,但其年平均变化量在2组间则有统计学差异（P<0.05）。2组间上颌第二磨牙与平面交角的年平均变化量无统计学差异（P>0.05）,而下颌第二磨牙与平面交角的年平均变化量则有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论拔除第一前磨牙进行正畸治疗有利于第三磨牙倾角的改善,对第三磨牙萌出有积极意义。     

下颌第二前磨牙拔除对青少年第三磨牙位置影响的观察

目的 探讨青少年正畸治疗中拔除下颌第二前磨牙对患者第三磨牙萌出位置的影响。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月—2010年1月在我门诊正畸治疗中拔除下颌第二前磨牙的55例患者的临床资料和随访资料,并以同期我院收治的未拔除下颌第二前磨牙的55例患者为对照组,比较两组患者治疗前后下颌第三磨牙位置变化情况。结果 观察组与对照组患者治疗前后第三磨牙位置均有不同程度改变,观察组主要表现为下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙增大,长轴与平面的交角变化量大。结论 拔除下颌第二前磨牙后,第三磨牙萌出间隙明显增大,有助于下颌第三磨牙的正常萌出。     

正畸拔除下颌前磨牙对第三磨牙萌出影响的测量研究

目的:评价正畸拔除下颌前磨牙对下颌第三磨牙萌出角度和间隙的影响.方法:选取23 例正畸非拔牙矫治病例(男性12 例,女性11 例,平均年龄13.5 岁),23 例拔除下颌第一前磨牙矫治病例(男性12 例,女性11 例,平均年龄13 岁),21 例拔除下颌第二前磨牙矫治病例(男性11 例,女性10 例,平均年龄14.07 岁),在治疗前和治疗后拍摄全颌曲面断层片,测量下颌第三磨牙的轴倾角度和萌出间隙,使用SPSS 17.0软件对3 组病例的数据进行配对t检验.结果:拔除下颌第一前磨牙组患者RS,LS,Rratio,Lratio在治疗后显著增大(P<0.01);拔除下颌第二前磨牙组患者RM3,LM3等指标在治疗后增大(P<0.05),RS,LS,Rratio,Lratio等指标在治疗后显著增大(P<0.01).结论:正畸拔除下颌前磨牙较非拔牙矫治可以增加下颌第三磨牙的萌出间隙;拔除下颌第二前磨牙可以改善第三磨牙的萌出角度.     

正畸拔除第一前磨牙后第三磨牙倾斜度的变化

目的 探讨正畸拔除第一前磨牙对第三磨牙倾斜度的影响。方法 选择37例拔牙和32例非拔牙患者,分别在治疗前和治疗后的曲面断层片上测量第三磨牙长轴与平面的交角以及第二、第三磨牙长轴的交角。用U检验来比较两组患者第三磨牙倾斜度在治疗前后的变化。结果 拔牙组和非拔牙组间治疗前后下颌第三磨牙长轴与平面和第二磨牙长轴交角的差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;拔牙组和非拔牙组治疗前后上颌第三磨牙长轴与平面和第二磨牙交角的差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。在拔牙组,治疗后下颌第三磨牙比上颌第三磨牙更直立。结论 拔除前磨牙的正畸治疗能够改善第三磨牙的倾斜角度。     

下颌前磨牙拔除对第三磨牙萌出的影响

目的:探讨安氏I类中度拥挤病例拔除下颌第一或第二前磨牙后对第三磨牙的不同影响。方法:将28例患者分为拔除第二前磨牙组12例,拔除第一前磨牙组16例,治疗中均运用改良片段弓技术。2组均在治疗前、后拍摄X线头影侧位定位片,以测量下颌第三磨牙萌出过程中在水平、垂直距离的变化及其近中倾斜角、与第二磨牙交角的变化,采用SAS6.12统计软件包对数据进行t检验。结果:拔除第二前磨牙组,第三磨牙在水平方向、垂直方向移动较拔除第一前磨牙组多,分别为(2.95±2.55)mm(P<0.01)和(4.58±1.85)mm(P<0.01);其近中倾斜角变化-10.12°±8.27°(P<0.05)、与第二磨牙交角的变化-15.58°±9.65°(P<0.001)也有显著差异。结论:对安氏I类中度拥挤病例,拔除下颌第二前磨牙较拔除第一前磨牙可为下颌第三磨牙提供更多的有效萌出间隙,并使第三磨牙牙冠发生有效旋转。     

The effects of first premolar extractions on third molar angulations

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the inclinations of second and third molars during a two- to 2.5-year period in patients treated orthodontically both with and without premolar extractions. Records of 37 first premolar extraction patients and 33 nonextraction patients were examined. The pretreatment and posttreatment panoramic radiographs were analyzed. The angles were measured between the long axis of the third molar and the occlusal plane and between the long axis of the third molar and the long axis of the second molar. Changes in third molar angulations from pretreatment to posttreatment for two groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U-test. Statistical analysis revealed that mandibular third molars showed an improvement in angulation relative to the occlusal plane in the first premolar extraction group.     

A comparison of the effects of first premolar extractions on third molar angulation.

The effect of third molars on the stability of orthodontic treatment has been studied extensively. Yet the effect of orthodontic treatment, particularly premolar extractions, on third molars has not been substantially studied. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the changes in third molar angulation in patients treated with and without extractions. Records of 45 Class I, nonextraction and 33 Class I, first premolar extraction patients were examined. The pretreatment and posttreatment pantographs were digitized, and the angles between the third molar long axes and the occlusal plane were measured. Changes in third molar angulation from pretreatment to posttreatment for the two groups were compared for statistical differences using a Student's t-test. Statistical analysis revealed there were no significant differences in the change in third molar angulation in either group. On average, the maxillary and mandibular third molars showed an improvement in angulation relative to the occlusal plane. The results suggest that factors other than first premolar extractions may influence third molar angulation.     

正畸拔除第一前磨牙对上下颌第三磨牙位置变化的影响

目的:研究第一前磨牙拔除后对第三磨牙位置变化的影响,探讨影响第三磨牙萌出的客观因素。方法:选择56例上下颌第三磨牙均存在的患者进行方丝弓正畸治疗,按照第一前磨牙拔除与否分为拔牙组(30例)和非拔牙组(26例),利用术前术后曲面断层片对患者上下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙、第三磨牙与牙合平面的距离以及下颌长度进行测量分析。结果:拔牙组术前术后各指标变化均有统计学意义,但是非拔牙组中下颌萌出间隙变化不具有统计学意义。拔牙组与非拔牙组术前术后变化量进行组间比较,上颌萌出间隙(U-ES)拔牙组比非拔牙组平均增大1.35 mm(P<0.05),下颌萌出间隙L-ES(R)和L-ES(X i)分别增大了2.72 mm(P<0.05)和3.16 mm(P<0.01),下颌第三磨牙与牙合平面的距离减小0.31 mm(P<0.05),下颌骨长度增加1.68 mm(P<0.05);上颌第三磨牙与牙合平面的距离变化在两组间没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:正畸治疗中拔除第一前磨牙可增大上下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙,有利于第三磨牙的萌出。     

Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular third molar impaction in young adults

Objective:To test the null hypothesis that orthodontic therapy with or without premolar extraction does not result in any difference in third molar impaction.Materials and Methods:Two groups were formed: 22 patients in one group with first premolar extractions and 22 patients in the other group without extractions. All patients were nongrowing subjects who had normal gonial angles and were skeletal Class I at the beginning of treatment. The available space for third molars, inclination of second and third molars, and angle between the second and third molars were evaluated. Also, the correlation of measured parameters and type of orthodontic therapy with the eruption of third molars was evaluated.Results:Of the third molars, 81.8% were impacted in the nonextraction group and 63.6% were impacted in the extraction group. Impaction of mandibular third molars was significantly correlated to the pretreatment and posttreatment inclination of third molars and the angle between the second and third molars. In the extraction therapy group, the retromolar distance increased significantly with a mean of 1.30 ± 1.25 mm.Conclusions:When the inclination of the third molar is inconvenient, the tooth may remain impacted even if there is enough retromolar space.     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除与保留(十六)——正畸拔除下颌第一磨牙后第三磨牙位置和倾斜度变化

目的：探讨正畸拔除下颌第一磨牙对下颌第三磨牙位置和倾斜度的影响.方法：选择34例拔除下颌第一磨牙正畸治疗和29例非拔除下颌第一磨牙正畸治疗,对两组病例治疗前后头颅侧位片进行测量分析.观察矫治前后下颌第三磨牙在垂直方向、水平方向及倾斜角度的改变,比较两组之间的差异.结果：拔牙组和非拔牙组间治疗前后下颌第三磨牙垂直位置和倾斜度变化的差异没有统计学意义（P＞0.05）;拔牙组和非拔牙组间治疗前后下颌第三磨牙水平位置变化的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗后,拔牙组下颌第三磨牙比非拔牙组更靠近近中.结论：拔除下颌第一磨牙的正畸治疗加速了下颌第三磨牙向近中迁移.     

Position of lower wisdom teeth and their relation to the alveolar nerve in orthodontic patients treated with and without extraction of premolars: a longitudinal study

Objectives

The present longitudinal study aimed to compare changes in the lower third molar position and nerve involvement in orthodontically treated patients with and without premolar extractions.

Materials and methods

The sample consisted of pretreatment and posttreatment panoramic radiographs of 349 orthodontically treated patients subdivided into a non-extraction group (n?=?263) and an extraction group (n?=?86). Patients did not present dental agenesis in the lower jaw. The mandibular third molar position was assessed by classifying the teeth according to Pell and Gregory, Winter, and two new classifications. The relation between third molars and the mandibular canal was assessed based on Whaites’ classification. The development of third molars was evaluated based on Demirjian’s classification. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test, and chi-square testing.

Results

There was a significant difference (p?p?Conclusions Orthodontic treatment without premolar extractions shows significantly more eruption problems of wisdom teeth than those with premolar extractions. Third molars in the non-extraction group were more frequently found in close relationship to the mandibular nerve compared to the extraction group.

Clinical relevance

Orthodontists should be aware of the effect of orthodontic treatment on the development of the lower third molars.     

Growth and treatment changes distal to the mandibular first molar: a lateral cephalometric study

This study examined space changes occurring distal to the mandibular first molar in growing patients treated using two different approaches. Two groups of 50 patients were selected for the study. The patients in group I were treated with the extraction of mandibular second premolars, whereas those in group II were treated without mandibular premolar extractions, by holding E-spaces with utility arches. Lateral cephalograms taken before and after treatment were used to measure space changes within the mandible. Follow-up written treatment records and radiographs were also examined to ascertain whether the mandibular third molars were ultimately extracted or retained. A greater mean space increase between Xi point and the mandibular first molar was found in boys and girls treated with second premolar extractions. The mean space increase between Xi point and the mandibular first molar, as well as the average increase in total mandibular length, was greater in boys than in girls for both treatment modalities. This reflects a greater amount of growth in boys during the treatment period. The greater mean space increase in the groups treated with second premolar extractions could be attributed to the fact that the first molar generally moved further mesially during treatment in the extraction subjects, whereas in the E-space subjects, the first molars were perhaps held back. It was noted that the mandibular third molars were ultimately more likely to have been extracted in the E-space groups than in the second premolar extraction groups within this sample.