老年人腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗52例分析

老年人腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗５２例分析陈晓华一、临床资料１９８３年１月至１９９５年１２月，手术治疗老年人腰椎间盘突出症５２例，占同期腰椎间盘突出症５９２例的８．８％。男３９例，女１３例；年龄６０～７５岁，平均６５．３岁。病程５个月至１８年，平均３年８...     

全椎板切除减压椎弓根固定后外侧植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨后路全椎板切除减压椎弓根固定后外侧植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床效果。方法2002年1月喇8年6月我院收治的腰椎管狭窄症患者55例,手术方法为后路全椎板切除减压术＋椎弓根螺钉固定术＋后外侧植骨术。结果所有病例均得到随访,平均36个月（6-72个月）,47例优或良,6例可,2例差。优良率85．5％。结论后路全椎板切除减压椎弓根固定后外侧植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症临床效果肯定。     

65岁以上老年人腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨老年人腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗的可靠性、手术方法及手术后效果。方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至2005年6月我院收治的65岁以上老年腰椎管狭窄症患者304例，其病程3~360个月，平均139．2个月，手术方法主要为单纯全椎板切除减压术、多节段椎板开窗减压术、全椎板及侧隐窝神经根管减压＋椎弓根螺钉固定术＋椎体间或（和）横突间植骨术。结果 术后264例恢复良好或优，优良率86．8％；34例感觉与术前比，变化不大；有6例较术前加重；无术中死亡患者。结论 老年患者多病程长、术前各种并存症多，掌握手术适应证应慎重，术前详细检查并积极地处理并存症、多科共同协作是手术成功的关键。手术应在充分的减压基础上尽量减少损伤，最短时间完成手术，根据实际合理的内固定促进植骨融合。术后积极的功能锻炼、早期的下床活动是保证手术效果、减少术后并发症的关键。     

64例老年人高血压性脑出血外科治疗临床分析

目的分析老年人高血压性脑出血临床特点，探讨其外科治疗的预后。方法采用局麻下小骨窗开颅血肿清除术、锥颅血肿碎吸术、钻孔抽血注入尿激醇溶解３种术式治疗老年人高血压性脑出血６４例，并与同期手术的４３例非老年患者进行比较。结果经６个月至６年随访，老年组恢复良好者３７例（５７．８％），死亡１４例（２１．９％）；非老年组分别为２８例（６５．１％）及９例（２０．９％），两组差异无显著性（Ｘ２检验，Ｐ值＞０．０５）。老年组术后并发症发生率为３５．９％，远高于非老年组的１３．９％（Ｘ２检验，Ｐ值＜０．００１）。结论年龄不再是决定手术与否的主要条件，加强并发症的防治有助于提高老年患者手术成功率。     

20例老年人肺癌纵隔照射与放射性心脏病追踪观察

目的探讨老年人纵隔照射后放射性心脏损害。方法应用心电图、超声心动图及核素听诊器，观察老年人肺癌术后纵隔放疗２０例及化疗２２例的心脏并发症。放疗平均总剂量为６２．５Ｇｙ，追踪时间１８个月。结果放疗１１例（５５．０％）及化疗３例（１３．６％）有心脏损害（Ｐ值＜０．００５）。放射性损害累及心包７例、心内膜及心肌３例、心脏起搏传导系统１例及冠状动脉３例，且引起轻度心功能减退。放疗组４例死于心脏意外（包括冠心病３例及全心炎１例）。结论老年人纵隔照射后放射性心脏损害较严重，要注意冠心病危险因素如高胆固醇血症、高血压，并避免放射剂量过大     

开放性手术治疗良性前列腺增生症159例术后3年临床随访

目的评价开放性手术治疗老年人良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析１９９１年１月至１９９３年１２月耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术治疗的老年ＢＰＨ患者１５９例，其中１３０例（８１．８％）得到随访，以填写问答表格的方法，统计患者对疗效的评价。结果术前症状总计分１７．４±８．０分，术后出院时为３．７±３．３分，总分下降幅度７１．３％；梗阻症状评分下降幅度（７７．９％）大于刺激症状评分下降幅度（４０．９％）。术前最大尿流率８．０±３．６ｍｌ／ｓ，平均尿流率２．９±１．９ｍｌ／ｓ；术后２０天左右分别为１６．７±８．１及１０．２±４．８ｍｌ／ｓ。患者对手术效果总满意率为８８．２％。结论开放性手术治疗老年人ＢＰＨ其效果肯定，术后严重并发症少，仍是一种治疗老年人ＢＰＨ的重要手段。     

46例老年人慢性硬膜下血肿的诊断和治疗

４６例老年人慢性硬膜下血肿的诊断和治疗马虎龙王春华孙希林王一芳一、资料与方法老年组：１９８７年３月至１９９７年２月经手术治疗的老年慢性硬膜下血肿（ＣＳＤＨ）患者４６例，男３３例，女１３例。年龄：６０～６９岁４０例（８７％），７０～８３岁６例（１３％）...     

老年人胆囊炎胆石症：附105例临床分析

报道１０５例６５岁以上老年人胆结石手术治疗的结果。其中急性胆褒炎胆囊结石３５例，急性化脓性胆管炎１０例。６９例（６５．７％）有并存症，其中以心血管疾病最常见；并存两种疾病以上者３２例（３０．４％）。１０５例手术中，胆囊切除术６２例，胆囊切除加胆总管探查术３９例，胆囊造瘘术４例。术后并发症：急诊组与择期组均以肺部感染及伤口感染为主。术后死亡５例，总病死率为４．７％；急诊组４例，为１３．３％，择期组１例，为１．３％。我们认为对有症状的老年胆结石患者应尽早地施行择期手术，以降低急诊手术率。     

38例早期胃癌的胃镜诊断与临床分析

１９８４年５月至１９９６年１２月，我院胃镜室共做胃镜检查２２６８０例，发现早期胃癌３８例，全部为手术切除标本病理证实，诊断符合我国胃癌病理标准，报告分析如下。１．临床资料：年龄与性别：３８例早期胃癌中，男２５例，女１３例，男女之比１．９：１。平均年龄为４９．５岁，其中４０岁以上３０例，占７８．９５％。病程：１个月内３例（７．８９％），～６个月２６例（６８．４２％），～１２个月６例（１５．７９％），～３年２例（５．２６％），３年以上１例（２．６３％）。预后：全部病例手术治疗并行随访，术后５年生存率…     

手术治疗老年人食管未分化癌13例

手术治疗老年人食管未分化癌１３例陈于平杨捷生陈玉泉杨卫平杨熙鸿一、临床资料于１９８２～１９９６年，手术治疗老年人食管未分化癌１３例，占同期老年人食管癌８７６例的１．５％。男１０例，女３例；年龄６０～７４岁，平均６４．７岁；病程３个月以内者１０例，占７...     

经皮椎间孔镜在治疗中老年腰椎间盘突出症中的应用

目的评价应用经皮椎间孔镜(PTED)治疗中老年腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果和价值。方法前瞻性研究分析2016年3月至2018年9月空军特色医学中心骨科采用PTED切除突出椎间盘髓核减压治疗的50～72岁腰椎间盘突出症患者,共50例,并以同期常规开放椎板开窗或半椎板切除减压突出椎间盘髓核切除手术的50～71岁患者50例为对照组。比较2组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间。以术后1 d、1个月、3个月疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和术后3个月Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),及术后6个月改良MacNab标准评定手术疗效。手术前及术后3～6个月行MRI检查,观察手术前后椎管及椎间盘突出的变化。使用STATA 12.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果 2组患者年龄、术前VAS和ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后VAS和ODI评分较术前均显著下降(P0.01);PTED组术后1 d、1个月的VAS评分显著低于对照组(P0.01)。术后3个月,2组VAS和ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月,2组改良MacNab标准评定功能差异无统计学意义(P0.05);PTED组术中出血量、术后住院时间显著少于对照组(P0.01);2组手术时间无统计学差异(P0.05)。MRI检查结果显示,与术前比较,2组术后3～6个月椎间盘突出均消失或明显减小,椎管通畅、面积明显增大。结论 PTED技术治疗中老年腰椎间盘突出症,中期疗效与单纯开放手术相当,但PTED早期疗效好、损伤小、恢复快、并发症少。     

Wallis棘突间动态内固定治疗老年节段性腰椎管狭窄的短期临床效果

目的 探讨后路椎管减压和Wallis棘突间动态内固定治疗老年节段性腰椎管狭窄症的术后短期临床效果。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年12月在解放军空军总医院行后路椎管减压、Wallis棘突间动态内固定治疗的25例腰4．5节段椎管狭窄症的老年患者。男11例,女14例;平均年龄65岁。所有患者随访期均≥6个月。记录所有患者术前、术后3天、术后1个月、术后6个月Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分及视觉模拟评分（VAS）评分,测量手术节段（腰4-5）和邻近节段（腰3-4、腰 5-骶1）椎间隙与椎间孔高度。记录所有患者术中、术后并发症。结果25例患者均在椎管减压后顺利置人Wallis系统。术中、术后未发生手术相关并发症。所有患者术后临床症状均有缓解,术后3天、1个月、6个月时ODI评分和VAS评分与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。术后1个月、6个月邻近节段（腰3-4、腰 5-骶1）椎间隙与椎间孔高度与术后3天比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论椎管减压和Wallis棘突间动态内固定治疗老年节段性腰椎管狭窄症的术后短期随访临床效果满意,Wallis系统可有效维持手术节段椎间隙及椎间孔高度,短期随访未发现引起邻近节段明显退变。     

Lumbar and cervical stenosis. Frequency of the association,role of the ankylosing hyperostosis

Summary The authors report a study of 47 patients admitted for cervical myelopathy (N=17) or symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (N=30). Nine patients had clinical evidence of coexisting cervical myelopathy and lumbar spinal stenosis. Ten out of the 17 patients having cervical myelopathy had lumbar spinal stenosis as evidenced by saggital tomography and/or computerized tomography. Nine out of the 30 patients admitted for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis had coexisting cervical canal stenosis as evidenced by sagittal tomography. Thirteen out of these 19 patients with both cervical and lumbar canal stenosis had also ankylosing spinal hyperostosis.     

Surgical results and complications in elderly patients with benign lesions of the spinal canal.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term outcome and complications of spinal surgery in a population of elderly patients. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review and clinical follow-up. SETTING: A 700-bed tertiary care midwestern hospital. PATIENTS: Patients 70 years of age or older who underwent elective surgical procedures for the treatment of benign lesions of the spinal canal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data obtained from chart review included age, sex, nature and duration of neurological symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL), associated illnesses, length of hospitalization, type of surgery, and complications attributable to surgery. Outcome measurements included changes in neurological symptoms and ADL and a standardized scale obtained from consecutive outpatient visits, telephone interviews, or written responses. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients with lumbar canal stenosis or soft disc herniations underwent laminectomies, foraminotomies or discectomies. Eleven patients underwent cervical laminectomies for multilevel spondylitic myelopathy. Limb and spine pain were the most common neurological symptoms in patients with lumbar lesions; diminished ADLs were present in eight patients with cervical myelopathies. Six patients died of unrelated causes, and 78 were followed for an average of 27.1 months. Twenty-three (85.2%) of 27 patients with lumbar disc herniations reported improvements or resolution of limb pain while 35 (81.4%) of 43 patients with lumbar canal stenosis reported fair or good results. Five of eight patients with multilevel cervical spondylosis reported improvements of myelopathic symptoms. Twenty-six (28.6%) complications were attributable to 91 surgical procedures including five severe complications and one fatality. Patients with three or more associated illnesses demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with benign lesions of the spinal canal may achieve significant reduction in limb pain and increases in ADL following appropriate surgery, with a tolerable rate of severe complications. The preoperative physical condition of the elderly patient served as an indicator for operative morbidity.     

Failure of conservative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis in elderly patients

Spinal stenosis syndrome affects mainly patients at their 5th-6th decades of life. There is a strong debate in the literature whether patients with spinal stenosis should be operated or treated conservatively. Our aim was to evaluate patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who were treated conservatively. All patients over 65 years of age who were handled conservatively in the private clinic of the senior author due to spinal stenosis syndrome were evaluated. There were 21 males and 15 females aged between 65 and 88 years. Intermittent claudication was the dominant clinical presentation. The radiological examination showed a frequent narrowing at the level L4-L5. All patients had a severe stenosis of less than 10mm diameter of the spinal canal. All patients underwent a conservative therapy which included physical therapy with ultrasound waves, short waves, and flexion exercises. All patients were offered to undergo an epidural or nerve root injection. Twenty-four patients agreed also to have one of these procedures to relieve their symptoms. All patients were followed between 6 and 10 months after the initial diagnosis. We used the Oswestry index category for evaluation. In all parameters the conservative treatment failed to improve the symptoms in the vast majority of patients. None of the patients was very satisfied with the results of conservative treatment while 33 patients (92%) were not so satisfied or unsatisfied with the results. We conclude that conservative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis is not a success for elderly patients. These patients should be convinced to undergo operative treatment.     

单侧开门外侧块螺钉固定植骨治疗颈脊髓压迫症

目的 探讨单侧开门外侧块螺钉固定植骨术治疗颈脊髓压迫症的临床疗效.方法 自2004-02～2008-06采用单侧开门外侧块螺钉固定植骨术治疗颈脊髓压迫症26例,男18例,女8例;年龄51～67岁,平均58岁.26例中有22例为多节段脊髓型颈椎病(3个或3个节段以上),其中10例合并发育性椎管狭窄症(6例合并动力性椎管狭窄症,3例合并后纵韧带骨化症,1例为外伤性);4例为颈椎管内肿瘤.随访9个月～2年2个月,平均1年8个月.结果 疗效评定标准参照日本整形外科协会(JOA)评分标准,优8例,良15例,可2例,差1例,优良率为88.5%.无一例出现血管损伤或内固定物断裂并发症,1例脊膜瘤因肿物过大术后出现脊髓再灌注损伤表现,经积极治疗好转,生活可自理.结论 该法适用于需要从后方入路进行减压的颈脊髓压迫症,疗效肯定.其优点是手术相对安全,在彻底减压的同时进行坚强的内固定,尤其适用于伴有节段性不稳的脊髓型颈椎病.     

Early results of full-endoscopic decompression of lumbar central canal stenosis by outside-in technique: A clinical and radiographic study

Retrospective cohort study.Full-endoscopic decompression of lumbar spinal canal stenosis is being performed by endoscopic surgeons as an alternative to micro-lumbar decompression in the recent years. The outcomes of the procedure are reported by few authors only. The aim of this paper is to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of full endoscopic lumbar decompression of central canal stenosis by outside-in technique at 1-year follow-up.We reviewed patients operated for lumbar central canal stenosis by full endoscopic decompression from May 2018 to November 2018. We analyzed the visual analogue scale scores for back and leg pain and Oswestry disability index at pre-op, post-op, and 1-year follow-up. At the same periods, we also evaluated disc height, segmental lordosis, whole lumbar lordosis on standing X-rays and canal cross sectional area at the affected level and at the adjacent levels on magnetic resonance imaging and the facet length and facet cross-sectional area on computed tomography scans. The degree of stenosis was judged by Schizas grading and the outcome at final follow-up was evaluated by MacNab criteria.We analyzed 32 patients with 43 levels (M:F = 14:18) with an average age of 63 (±11) years. The visual analogue scale back and leg improved from 5.4 (±1.3) and 7.8 (±2.3) to 1.6 (±0.5) and 1.4 (±1.2), respectively, and Oswestry disability index improved from 58.9 (±11.2) to 28 (±5.4) at 1-year follow-up. The average operative time per level was 50 (±16.2) minutes. The canal cross sectional area, on magnetic resonance imaging, improved from 85.78 mm² (±28.45) to 150.5 mm² (±38.66). The lumbar lordosis and segmental lordosis also improved significantly. The disc height was maintained in the postoperative period. All the radiographic improvements were maintained at 1-year follow-up. The MacNab criteria was excellent in 18 (56%), good in 11 (34%), and fair in 3 (9%) patients. None of the patients required conversion to open surgery or a revision surgery at follow-up. There was 1 patient with dural tear that was sealed with fibrin sealant patch endoscopically. There were 10 patients who had grade I stable listhesis preoperatively that did not progress at follow-up. No other complications like infection, hematoma formations etc. were observed in any patient.Full endoscopic outside-in decompression method is a safe and effective option for lumbar central canal stenosis with advantages of minimal invasive technique.     

Spinal claudication in systemic amyloidosis

We describe a patient with hereditary amyloidosis who developed the syndrome of spinal claudication. Myelography and computerized tomography of the lumbar spine demonstrated stenosis of the spinal canal and surgical exploration confirmed dense amyloid infiltration of ligamentous structures compressing the nerve roots. Two cousins of our patient and 2 patients with immunoglobulin amyloidosis had similar clinical syndromes. Spinal stenosis can be demonstrated by myelography or by computerized tomography. Diagnosis of this syndrome is important since wide decompression may be needed to relieve symptoms. Patients who had only disc extraction did not improve after the operation; their symptoms persisted and even worsened.     

Results of transcatheter Fontan fenestration to treat protein losing enteropathy.

Transcatheter fenestration to create an interatrial communication has been used to treat patients with protein losing enteropathy (PLE) after Fontan operation. No systematic data have been reported assessing the results of this procedure. Our institutional database was queried to identify patients after Fontan operation who had transcatheter fenestration to treat PLE. Clinical notes, laboratory data, echocardiograms, and cardiac catheterization data were reviewed. From 1995 to 2005, 16 transcatheter fenestration procedures were performed in seven patients. Median age at fenestration was 18 years (range 13-41 years). Median duration of follow-up was 3.6 years (range 0.2-10.4 years). Techniques for fenestration included blade/balloon septostomy, stent placement, Amplatzer-fenestrated ASD device, and balloon dilation of previous stent. Size of the fenestration created was 5.2 +/- 1.1 mm. Systemic venous pressure remained unchanged after fenestration. Cardiac index increased significantly. Reduction of ascites and edema was noted after 9 of the 16 procedures. Ten of 16 (63%) of fenestrations spontaneously occluded. Three patients are free of ascites although recurrence of PLE occurred in all. One patient with a patent fenestration continues to have ascites. Two patients had Fontan takedown. One patient had conversion to a fenestrated extracardiac conduit Fontan and died postoperatively. The results of transcatheter Fontan fenestration are often disappointing. Maintaining fenestration patency is difficult. Even after "successful" fenestration, resolution of PLE may be incomplete and recurrences have occurred in all. Early consideration should be given to Fontan takedown or cardiac transplant in severely symptomatic patients with PLE who do not respond to fenestration. Transcatheter fenestration may be a bridge to a definitive procedure.