Systematic review of factors associated with depression and anxiety disorders among older adults with Parkinson's disease

Depression and anxiety disorders have a substantial impact on the quality of life, the functioning and mortality of older adults with Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the factors associated with the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders among individuals with PD aged 60 years and older. Following a literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE, 5 articles met the inclusion criteria (adults aged 60 years and older, individuals with PD, and with depression and anxiety disorders, and English-language peer reviewed articles) and were included in this review. These studies were conducted in the U.S (n = 3), in Italy (n = 1) and the U.K (n = 1). Findings indicated that autonomic symptoms, motor fluctuations, severity and frequency of symptoms, staging of the disease, and PD onset and duration were associated with the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders among older adults suffering from PD. Despite the limited number of studies included in the review, depression and anxiety disorders are often unrecognized and untreated and the comorbidity greatly exacerbates PD symptoms. The identification of factors associated with the development of depression and anxiety disorders could help in designing preventive interventions that would decrease the risk and burden of depression and anxiety disorders among older adults with PD.     

Prevalence of self-reported epilepsy or seizure disorder and its associations with self-reported depression and anxiety: results from the 2004 HealthStyles Survey

PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of self-reported epilepsy or seizure disorder and its association with self-reported recent depression and anxiety in a large sample of the U.S. adult population. METHODS: We analyzed data from adults aged 18 years or older (n = 4,345) who participated in the 2004 HealthStyles Survey, a large mail panel survey designed to be representative of the U.S. population. RESULTS: Among U.S. adults aged 18 years or older, we estimated that 2.9% have been told by a doctor that they had epilepsy or seizure disorder, and an estimated 1.6% and 0.9% had active and inactive epilepsy, respectively. After controlling for demographic characteristics, we estimated that adults with self-reported epilepsy were twice as likely to self-report depression or anxiety in the previous year as were adults without epilepsy, and adults with active epilepsy were 3 times as likely to self-report depression and twice as likely to have anxiety in the previous year as were adults without epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the burden of self-reported depression and anxiety among adults with self-reported epilepsy or seizure disorder, and suggest that healthcare providers should attempt to determine whether adult patients with epilepsy have any psychiatric comorbidity potentially to improve health outcomes. Questions about epilepsy and related factors should be routinely included on population-based surveys so that we can better understand the epilepsy distribution in the U.S. population and identify the unmet health and psychosocial needs of people with epilepsy.     

抑郁、焦虑对腔隙性梗死患者健康相关生存质量的影响

目的分析腔隙性梗死患者健康相关生存质量和情绪健康状况。方法使用世界卫生组织（WHO）生存质量表中文版简表（QOL-BREF）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）进行生存质量和心理健康状况调查。结果腔隙性梗死组在QOL-BREF的生理、心理领域得分（分别为12.5±1.7、12.2±1.8）比常模下降（15.1±2.3、13.9±1.9,t=11.72,8.610,P〈0.05）,有抑郁情绪者占55.1%,有焦虑情绪者占39.9%。结论合并抑郁、焦虑情绪障碍是腔隙性梗死患者生存质量下降的重要因素。     

脑梗死患者的生活质量与其焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者的生活质量与其焦虑、抑郁情绪的关系。方法 采用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）及生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）对80例脑梗死患者（脑梗死组）及80名健康人（对照组）进行问卷调查,并对生活质量与其焦虑、抑郁情绪作相关分析。结果 脑梗死患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个维度评分均明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）,而SAS及SDS评分均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。脑梗死患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个维度评分均与SAS及SDS评分呈显著性负相关。结论 脑梗死患者的生活质量较差,焦虑、抑郁情绪明显;其生活质量与焦虑、抑郁情绪密切相关。     

孕妇的焦虑和抑郁情况的调查

目的调查孕妇孕期焦虑和抑郁情况及其相关因素。方法妊娠满16周者入组，予HAD量表及自制产前因素调查表等填写，追踪至孕38～40周再于一般情况调查表及HAD量表填写。结果孕16周时焦虑发生率10．8％，抑郁发生率6、9％；孕38～40周时焦虑发生率6、6％，抑郁发生率6．9％。孕16周和孕38～40周焦虑和抑郁共同的相关因素为：经济问题、担心分娩安全、孩子喂养、孩子健康；孕16周时焦虑还与年龄、既往不良孕产史、担心产后避孕等相关，而孕38～40周还与胎位、夫妻关系、胎儿性别等密切相关。结论孕期焦虑情绪占主要地位。孩子的健康及照料、经济问题和分娩安全是焦虑和抑郁的核心问题。     

帕金森氏病伴焦虑,抑郁31例分析

目的了解帕金森氏病患者伴发焦虑、抑郁的状况。方法采用汉密尔登焦虑、抑郁评定量表和焦虑、抑郁自评量表评定３１例帕金森氏病患者的焦虑、抑郁。结果３１例患者中５８１％伴焦虑，５４８％伴抑郁。女性多于男性。焦虑抑郁与疾病严重程度密切相关。结论帕金森氏病伴发焦虑、抑郁比较常见，应予抗焦虑、抗抑郁治疗，以提高患者的生活质量     

焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的血脂水平研究

目的　探讨血脂与焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的关系。方法　采用酶法检测焦虑和抑郁障碍共病 2 5例、30例重性抑郁症、2 0例焦虑症患者和 4 0例正常人的血清总胆固醇 (CHO)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(HDL C)和低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇 (LDL C)。结果　共病组患者的血CHO浓度显著高于抑郁组、焦虑组和正常对照组 ;共病组的血TG浓度显著高于抑郁组和正常对照组 ,与焦虑组无显著性差异 ;共病患者的血HDL C浓度显著低于正常对照组 ,与抑郁组和焦虑组无显著性差异 ;共病组的血LDL C浓度显著高于抑郁组、焦虑组和正常对照组。结论　焦虑和抑郁障碍共病存在更严重的血脂代谢异常     

伴有焦虑症状的抑郁症临床分析

目的 :了解伴焦虑症状的抑郁症的临床特点。　方法 :对 37例伴焦虑症状的抑郁症与35例不伴焦虑症状的抑郁症进行临床对照分析。　结果 :伴焦虑症状的抑郁症患者动作减少、联想困难的发生率低 ,而自杀行为多见。　结论 :焦虑是抑郁症自杀的危险因子。尽快治疗焦虑症状可降低抑郁症患者自杀的危险性     

围产期抑郁、焦虑的现况调查

目的 了解围产期孕产妇伴有焦虑、抑郁症状的状况,为孕产妇的心理保健工作提供科学依据.方法 选取2012年5月～2014年4月到昆明市妇幼保健院产前门诊的就诊孕28周的孕妇共968例作为调查对象,采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、生活质量评定量表(SF-12)对其孕28周、孕36周及产后1个月的情绪及生活质量进行评估.结果 孕28周、孕36周及产后1月有抑郁症状的孕妇分别为25.4％,24.5％和15.9％,有焦虑症状的孕妇分别为6.6％,7.9％及7.5％,随着时间推移孕妇的生活质量总体呈上升趋势.结论 抑郁、焦虑是孕产妇常见的心理障碍,建议在有条件的产前门诊开展心理健康的筛查,最大限度的保护母婴身心健康.     

Unique relations among anxiety sensitivity factors and anxiety,depression, and suicidal ideation

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is composed of three lower-order dimensions, cognitive concerns, physical concerns, and social concerns. We examined the relations between AS dimensions using a more adequate assessment of subscales (ASI-3) than has previously been used, and measures of anxiety and mood disorders as well as suicidal ideation in a sample of 256 (M age = 37.10 years, SD = 16.40) treatment-seeking individuals using structural equation modeling. AS cognitive concerns was uniquely associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation. AS physical concerns was uniquely associated with OCD, social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), and specific phobia. AS social concerns was uniquely associated with SAD, GAD, OCD, and MDD. These results highlight the importance of considering the lower-order AS dimensions when examining the relations between AS and psychopathology.     

Fatigue, anxiety and depression in cancer patients

The fatigue, anxiety and depression of cancer patients (n = 80) who were admitted to an oncology hospital were investigated. Data were collected using a personal information form, the cancer fatigue scale and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. It was determined a positive significant correlations between fatigue, anxiety and depression levels of the patients (p < 0.05). It was determined that there was a negative significant relation between hemoglobin level and fatigue. The level of fatigue, anxiety and depression was higher in female patients. Patients who have another disease and indicated that the disease hinders the activities of daily living had a higher level of physical ad cognitive fatigue. Literate patients had high level of physical, emotional, cognitive fatigue and depression. The cancer patients experience fatigue, anxiety and depression. Convenient attempts should be planned in order to evaluate the case of fatigue, anxiety and depression comprehensively in treatment and care process of the cancer patients.     

百忧解治疗抑郁症伴焦虑症状的临床疗效观察

目的观察百忧解对抑郁症伴焦虑症状的疗效和不良反应.方法将60例抑郁症患者分为研究组(伴焦虑症状)32例和对照组(不伴焦虑症状)28例,均给予百忧解治疗6周,采用Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)、Hamilton焦虑量表(HAMA)、Montgomery-Asberg抑郁量表(MADS)、临床大体印象表(CGI)和副反应量表(TESS)评定.结果两组百忧解治疗前后疗效有显著差异(P＜0.01);且不良反应轻.结论提示百忧解治疗抑郁症伴焦虑症状疗效肯定.     

神经内科门诊患者焦虑与抑郁症状的调查研究

目的 探讨综合医院神经内科门诊患者焦虑与抑郁症状的特征及影响因素.方法 调查河南省人民医院神经内科门诊患者,采用综合医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和自制问卷.从年龄、性别、文化程度、职业和健康状况等多因素进行调查.结果 神经内科门诊患者焦虑症状阳性者占所有就诊患者的34.8%,抑郁症状阳性者占39.8%;伴发神经内科疾病组的焦虑/抑郁分和阳性率均高于无神经内科疾病组;焦虑和抑郁症状的发生与患者的年龄、性别、文化程度有密切关系.结论 神经内科门诊患者焦虑与抑郁症状是一种普遍现象,女性多于男性,随着年龄的增大其发生率呈增加趋势,高学历人群更易患焦虑与抑郁症状.     

心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者焦虑、抑郁状态及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者焦虑抑郁状态及生活质量的影响.方法 将205例恶性肿瘤患者随机分为对照组和心理干预组,对照组采用常规放疗、化疗及最佳支持治疗,心理干预组在常规治疗基础上对患者进行心理干预,治疗前后采用焦虑自评量表(SAS),抑郁自评量表(SDS)和EORTC-QLQ-C30量表对患者进行焦虑抑郁状态及生活质量的测定.结果 两组患者入院时SDS及SAS评分比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05),心理干预组第6周SDS及SAS评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),心理干预后可改善癌症患者生活质量,较干预前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 心理干预能够改善恶性肿瘤患者焦虑抑郁情绪,提高生活质量,有利于患者的康复.     

抑郁症伴焦虑症状与焦虑症的临床特点对照研究

目的为了探讨抑郁症伴焦虑症状的临床特征，力求减少误诊为焦虑症。方法对再入院的４６例焦虑症患者进行再诊断后，保持原诊断者１８例（３９１３％），更正诊断为抑郁症伴焦虑症状者２８例（６０８７％），并对两者的临床特征进行了对照研究。结果发现两者的抑郁症状（ＨＡＭＤ分值）和生物学节律变化方面均存在明显差异。结论正确地判定和区别焦虑、抑郁情绪以及明显的生物节律变化，均有助于诊断和鉴别诊断这两种疾病     

米氮平与氯丙咪嗪治疗抑郁和焦虑共病的疗效对照

目的比较米氮平、氯丙咪嗪抗抑郁和焦虑的共病作用和不良反应。方法65例同时符合抑郁症与焦虑障碍诊断标准的门诊患者,HAMD17项评分总分≥17分,≤23分、HAMA总分≥14分, ≤29分。分别随机给予口服米氮平(简称A组)和氯丙咪嗪(简称B组)。研究全程为期4周。疗效评定按HAMD、HAMA得分≤7分为治愈,减分50％为有效。数据进行X2及t检验。结果入组时两组 HAMD、HAMA得分无显著性差异(t=0．32,P>0．05),治疗第1周A组HAMD得分下降比B组明显, HAMA得分下降更为明显。治疗第2周开始A组HAMD、HAMA得分下降均比B组来的显著。第4周末A组临床治愈18例(56．3％,18／32),临床有效28例(87．5％,28／32)。B组临床治愈15例(45．5％, 15／33)临床有效27例(81．9％,27／33)。米氮平组有效率87．5％,氯丙咪嗪组有效率81．9％,无显著性差异(X2分别为0．76、0．40,P>0．05)。B组的不良反应例数及严重程度均远高于A组。结论对具有抑郁和焦虑共病的患者可用米氮平治疗。     

焦虑症与抑郁症的A型行为比较

目的 探索焦虑症与抑郁症的A型行为的异同。方法 应用A型行为问卷（TABQ）对40例焦虑患者和50例抑郁症患者及83例正常对照组进行评定。结果 焦虑症患者A型行为显著高于抑郁症患者及正常对照组：焦虑症患者A型行为总分和TH、CH因子分均高于正常对照组；抑郁症患者A型行为总分和TH、CH因子分与正常对照组比较无显著意义。结论 焦虑症患者具有普遍的A型行为倾向，抑郁症患者则无此现象。A型行为的评定可能有助于两种疾病的鉴别。     

Sleeping difficulties in relation to depression and anxiety in elderly adults

In Europe, 10-20% of all women and 3-10% of all men have experienced sexual abuse before the age of 18, according to surveys. Psychosocial problems are often seen as both short- and long-term consequences of such abuse. Family dysfunction may be seen as both a risk factor for abuse and a result of the disclosure of abuse. The aim of this research was to study how adolescents and adults, sexually abused during their childhood, experienced their family life and family climate in their family of origin. A clinical sample of 18 adolescent girls and 20 adult women comprised the study group. The methods used were a semi-structured interview and the questionnaire Family Climate Test. The majority of the participants kept quiet about the abuse during their childhood. The abuse took place for an average of 2.5 years among the adolescents and 6 years in the adult group. Secrecy, isolation and family problems were typical attributes in the interviews. The majority of both adolescents and women described their relationships in the family of origin as deviant or interrupted, with a reversed (negative) pattern on the Family Climate Test. This meant a low level of closeness and a high level of distance in the families combined with a low level of spontaneity and a high level of chaos. The study, even if relatively small and based on clinical cases, gives support to earlier research, which shows that sexual abuse in general, but especially intra-familial sexual abuse, is associated with family dysfunction.     

抑郁症与焦虑症的视听反应时间对照研究

目的　探讨抑郁症和焦虑症患者视听反应时间 (RT)的特点。方法　应用美国CA 10 0 0型脑电生理仪以及短音和视觉刺激 ,测查 39例抑郁症、4 1例焦虑症和 4 9名正常对照组的反应时间。结果　抑郁症组和焦虑症组及正常对照组在听 反应时间和视 反应时间上两两比较均有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。与对照组 (听反应时间 2 30± 2 9ms,视反应时间 2 36± 4 9ms)相比 ,抑郁症组听 反应时间 (339± 4 6ms)及视 反应时间 (32 9± 38ms)延迟 (P <0 0 1) ,与对照组相比 ,焦虑症组也见相同结果 (P<0 0 1)。抑郁症组与焦虑症组相比 ,在听 反应时间和视 反应时间上两者差异有非常显著性 ,前者又较后者延迟。结论　反应时间可辅助抑郁症患者和焦虑症患者的认知功能评定。     

Differentiating symptoms of social anxiety and depression in adults with social anxiety disorder

Although studies have suggested a strong overlap between social anxiety disorder and depression, this is the first study to examine the ability of commonly used measures to differentiate symptoms of these disorders in a sample of clients with social anxiety disorder. Structural equation modeling revealed that commonly used measures of social anxiety and depression can differentiate the two constructs, rather than simply reflecting a single construct of overall distress. Logistic regression analyses indicated that scores on depressive symptom measures could predict which socially anxious clients met criteria for a comorbid depressive disorder.