医院感染管理信息系统的开发与应用

目的运用医院信息化手段,实现感染病例实时监控,以提升医院感染预防与控制水平。方法利用现有信息系统平台,建立集全院综合性监测信息系统、目标性监测信息系统、传染病信息监测系统、信息查询系统和学习考试系统等为一体的医院感染管理信息系统。结果医护人员感染控制依从性提高,暴发监测预警关口前移。结论医院感染管理信息系统实现了感染病例的实时监控与干预。     

医院感染预警系统的建立与应用

目的在医院信息系统平台上构建医院感染预警系统,研究医院感染发生的危险因素、发生规律和控制措施,及早发现与控制医院感染的流行,提高感染监控水平,有效控制医院感染。方法采用C/S构架,前端应用程序采用PowerBuilder7编程,后台采用SQL SERVER 2000企业版大型数据库,将医院感染报卡软件集成到住院医生工作站,将预警监控软件集成到医院感染科工作站,构建医院感染的上报、预警、监控网络。结果对发生的医院感染病例进行预警、监控,有助于及时发现医院感染的流行,尽早采取有效措施控制医院感染发生。结论医院感染预警系统能实现医院感染的实时预警监控,提高医院感染管理的效率,提升医疗质量。     

信息化技术在医院感染管理与监控中的应用

目的 将信息化技术应用于医院感染管理与监控,逐步实现医院感染信息化管理.方法 利用医院信息平台,建立医院感染监控管理系统,构建实时预警、报告及监控审核网络.结果 该系统实现了医院感染、传染病、多药耐药菌感染自动预警、网络报告与实时监控等信息化管理,并具有抗菌药物分级管理、合理使用等监管统计功能;通过对住院患者的感染信息及抗菌药物监控与干预,提高了医院感染诊断的及时性和准确性,降低了漏报率;及时掌握多药耐药菌分布和流行趋势,以采取有效的预防控制措施;同时为临床指导抗菌药物合理使用提供了可靠依据.结论 信息化技术应用于医院感染管理与监控,极大地提高了医院感染的科学化、规范化、标准化管理质量与监控水平.     

医院感染监测平台的建立与应用前景

目的充分利用医院现有的信息资源,建立医院感染监测平台,实现医院感染病例、医院感染暴发以及相关信息的预警及信息反馈。方法整合医院信息系统(HIS)、医学影像存档与传输系统(PACS)、检验信息系统(LIS)、麻醉信息管理系统(AIMS)、手术室管理系统(ORIMS)、供应室管理系统(SRIMS)等信息资源,将数据进行分类、挖掘和利用。结果利用医院感染监测平台进行感染信息实时监控和追踪、进行前瞻性监测,评价医院感染状况,降低医院感染的发生率和漏报率,预警医院感染不良事件。结论医院感染信息监测平台的建立,将优化管理流程,提高工作效率,医院感染信息监测平台的应用,将医院感染监测的关口前移,为预防控制医院感染暴发事件提供及时准确的综合信息,有广阔的应用前景。     

医院感染实时监控系统的设计

为加强医院感染管理,建设了医院感染实时监控系统,通过信息技术手段实现医院感染的智能化判别、监测与预警。在医院感染信息实时采集的基础上,采用主动监测、医生上报和医院感染管理科监管相结合的模式,充分利用监控功能来实时监控医院可能发生感染的各种状况,对异常信息进行预警,将医院感染控制在初发状态,降低了感染发生率。     

医院感染信息预警监测系统在医院感染管理中的作用

目的探讨医院感染信息预警系统在医院感染管理中的应用方法和效果,实现医院感染管理的自动化及程序化。方法医院在医院信息系统(HIS)的基础上,按照预先设定的预警参数实现了对全院患者的实时监控和动态预警,通过医院感染危险因素提示对患者进行监测、统计、上报工作。结果该系统强化了流程管理,有效提高了工作效率和质量,确保医疗质量和医疗安全。结论医院感染信息预警系统提高了医院感染的管理水平。     

医院感染实时监控系统与医院信息系统的融合应用

目的：实现医院感染实时监控系统与医院信息系统的无缝链接,为医院感染监控工作提供可靠平台。方法：基于中间件技术和XML技术,结合个性化的专业策略以实现信息的有效抽取集成。结果：实现了监控系统基础信息的优化集成及与医院信息系统的信息交互,方便了专职人员与临床医生的实时沟通交流。结论：系统的融合应用改变了医院感染监控的工作模式,提高了工作效率和管理水平。     

基于医院信息平台的多重耐药菌报告系统设计与应用

目的 设计开发多重耐药菌报告系统,记录各环节数据,落实干预措施,提高医院感染控制管理能力。方法 利用医院信息平台,实时监控检测数据、分析数据,并将预警信息推送给临床医护人员,通过记录各环节的监测数据,对比系统应用效果。结果 系统数据统计对比显示,系统的构建有效落实了医院感染控制管理规范与程序,明显提高了工作效率。结论 应用多重耐药菌报告系统对于提升医院感染管理水平具有重要的意义。     

地区医院感染暴发报告时实监测预警平台的建立与应用

目的 为在地区实现疑似医院感染暴发的早预警、早控制、总结经验和教训,探索地区医院感染暴发控制的机制,以提高医院感染的防治水平。方法 对既往地区上报的医院感染暴发事件进行统计、分析原因和事件发生过程,开发和建立地区疑似医院感染暴发报告信息平台。结果 2006-2013年北京地区实现了32起地区医院感染暴发事件的早期控制,共涉及183例患者,同时实现了诺如病毒医院感染疑似暴发病例的监测,地区医院感染暴发报告实时监测平台建立后,不断完善相关平台的建设,有效的预报地区疑似医院感染暴发的发生,总结积累了地区性医院感染暴发事件监测及预防的重要经验。结论 地区医院感染暴发报告实时监测平台的建立,不仅促进了医院感染专职人员感染风险发现能力提高,而且有效防范地区医院感染暴发事件发生重要措施。     

感染性疾病医院监控系统研究

目的在医院信息系统平台上,构建感染性疾病医院监控系统,研究感染性疾病在医院的早期发现、早期报告、早期治疗和早期控制,提高医院对感染性疾病的防治能力,全面提高医疗质量。方法利用计算机技术对患者的所有信息进行自动化收集、存储、加工处理。结果达到信息资源共享,起到了实时有效的监控作用,为医疗、科研、教育和管理提供基本信息。结论实现了医院感染性疾病管理的科学化、标准化、系统化、规范化,成为整个医院信息系统的一个重要组成环节与医院医疗质量控制系统。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.