16层CT冠状动脉造影的技术及影响图像质量的因素

目的探讨16层CT冠状动脉造影的成像技术及影响图像质量的因素。方法52例受检者按心率≤70次/min和>70次/min分为2组,分别行16层螺旋CT心电门控条件下冠状动脉造影,预览R-R间期0%～100%的21幅图像(间隔5%),选择显示左、右冠状动脉最清晰的一幅,应用原始数据重建该时相的薄层图像,再进行MIP、MPR、CPR、VR重建。2组图像质量均分为能用于冠状动脉评价和不能用于冠状动脉评价2类。结果16层CT冠状动脉成像的最佳重建时相多位于55%～65%R-R间期。心率≤70次/min组,有87%(301/346支)的图像可用于诊断,心率>70次/min组,有78.8%(134/170支)的图像可用于诊断。结论影响冠状动脉评价的因素主要有冠状动脉运动、冠状动脉钙化、心率波动等。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉图像质量控制研究:最佳重组时相与心率关系

目的量化评估64层螺旋CT冠状动脉各分支不同重组时相图像质量,探讨冠状动脉CT成像最佳重组时相与心率关系。资料与方法102例患者均采用64层螺旋CT回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像,男68例,女34例,平均年龄(58.1±9.7)岁,平均心率(66.4±11.5)次/min。心率<65次/min(n=43)为Ⅰ组,65～75次/min(n=34)为Ⅱ组,>75次/min(n=25)为Ⅲ组,每例患者的4支冠状动脉(左主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉)共分为12个节段用于图像质量分析。扫描原始数据以间隔5%在20%～80%时相分别回顾性重组冠状动脉图像,采用横断位、曲面重组、容积再现等方法对图像质量综合评分。结果Ⅰ组60%、65%和70%为最佳时相,Ⅱ组60%、65%时相为最佳时相,Ⅲ组右冠状动脉较优时相为35%、40%,左冠状动脉较优时相为60%、65%。结论心率和重组时相的选择是决定冠状动脉图像质量的重要因素。平均心率≤75次/min,冠状动脉各分支图像质量在心脏运动的舒张中期(60%、65%)最佳;>75次/min时,左右冠状动脉分别进行重组能明显提高冠状动脉的成像质量。     

心率及重建相位窗对多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响

目的 探讨心率及重建相位窗对多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响。方法 80例健康体检者行16层螺旋CT回顾性心电门控条件下冠状动脉造影。结果 每位患者的4条冠状动脉分支(左冠状动脉主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉)分别用于图像质量分析。心率≤60次／min者，有82．1％(46／56支)的图像可用于诊断；心率61～70次／min者，有63．4％(104／164支)的图像可用于诊断；心率71～80次/min者，有41．20h，(28／68支)的图像可用于诊断；心率80次／min以上者有31．2％(10／32支)的图像可用于诊断。左冠状动脉前降支在60％～70％的重建相位窗时图像质量最佳，左冠状动脉回旋支在50％～60％时最佳，右冠状动脉重建相位窗为50％～70％较满意。结论心率及重建相位窗对多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量有重要影响作用。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量控制研究

目的 探讨CT冠状动脉成像图像质量控制的临床应用.方法 102例患者采用64层螺旋CT心电门控冠状动脉成像,男68例,女34例,心率<65次/min为Ⅰ组,65～75次/min为Ⅱ组,>75次/min为Ⅲ组,每位患者的冠状动脉分为12血管段用于图像质量分析.测量冠状动脉各分支图像无伪影显示率和各分支近段和远段对比噪声比.结果 (1)所有患者总体评估结果显示,94.0%冠状动脉血管段显示无伪影.Ⅰ组冠状动脉分支无伪影显示率98.2%,Ⅱ组冠状动脉分支无伪影显 示率95.3%,Ⅲ组冠状动脉分支无伪影显示率85.0%;(2)所有冠状动脉分支平均对比噪声比为14.7±4.1.结论 64层螺旋CT有高质量的冠状动脉图像,心率影响冠状动脉图像,低心率仍是图像质量保证的关键因素.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量影响因素分析

目的 分析不同心率下影响64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)图像质量的因素.方法 对283例临床怀疑或确诊冠心病的患者进行CTCA检查.入选患者按照心率快慢分为5组;按照心率波动幅度分为3组.结果 (1)除心率为66～70次/min组和心率为71～75次/min组间冠状动脉可评估率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.164,P=0.281)外,其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.005).(2)在心率≤75次/min时,导致冠状动脉无法评价的原因主要为钙化,在心率＞75次/min时,导致冠状动脉无法评价的原因主要为运动伪影,其次为钙化.(3)不同心率波动组中,当心率波动幅度＞10次/min时,冠状动脉的可评估率明显减低.(4)在心率≤65次/min时,冠状动脉各节段的最佳重建时相主要在75%时相,随着心率的增加冠状动脉各节段的最佳重建时相逐渐趋于45%～50%时相,当心率>80次/min时,冠状动脉各节段的最佳重建时相主要位于50%时相.结论 导致冠状动脉无法评价的原因在心率较低时主要为钙化掩盖血管腔和钙化导致的伪影所致,在心率较高时主要为运动伪影,其次为钙化.     

冠状动脉疾病多层面螺旋CT成像初探

目的　评价多层面螺旋CT在冠状动脉疾病诊断中的作用。方法　 30例患者分为心率≤ 6 0次 /min和 >6 0次 /min 2组 ,进行了多层面螺旋CT扫描 ,对CT数据进行最大密度投影 (MIP) ,容积重建 (VR)和多平面重建 (MPR) ,观察其对冠状动脉病变的显示 ,其中 11例与冠状动脉造影对照。结果　心率≤ 6 0次 /min(12例 )和大于 6 0次 /min(16例 )在显示左冠状动脉主干 (分别为 12 /12、13/16例 )和左前降支 (分别为 12 /12、10 /16例 )上差异无显著性意义 (P =0 197和 0 12 8,精确 χ2 检验 ) ,显示回旋支 (分别为 10 /12、6 /16例 )差异有显著性意义 (χ2 =5 88,0 0 5 >P >0 0 1) ,显示右冠状动脉(分别为 10 /12、3/16例 )差异有极显著性意义 (χ2 =11 5 0 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,2例架桥患者未作统计。 7例冠状动脉内支架术后患者中 ,1例由于图像质量差 ,未能很好显示支架内狭窄 ,其余患者在CTMIP、VR和MPR上均能较好显示支架位置和形态。CT显示 11例钙化的冠状动脉由钙化和非钙化斑块引起的狭窄均由冠状动脉造影证实。结论　多层面螺旋CT能显示冠状动脉钙化和狭窄以及进行术后评价 ,是冠状动脉影像诊断和随访很有潜力的非创性检查方法     

心率对16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响

目的探讨心率对16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响。方法80例健康体检者行16层螺旋CT回顾性心电门控条件下冠状动脉造影。每位患者的4条冠状动脉分支(左冠状动脉主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉)分别用于图像质量分析。结果心率≤65次/m in有89.3%(100/112支)的图像可用于诊断;心率66~80次/m in有81.1%(198/244支)的图像可用于诊断;心率>80次/m in有64.3%(36/56支)的图像可用于诊断;心律不齐或前后波动>5次/m in有25%(8/32支)的血管可用于诊断。结论MSCTCA图像质量受心率影响,并与之呈负相关。     

低心率下第二代双源CT冠脉成像Flash扫描与序列扫描图像质量及伪影比较

目的:比较低心率下CT前瞻性心电触发Flash扫描与序列扫描的冠状动脉图像质量及伪影。方法:回顾性连续收集Flash扫描(A组)与序列扫描(B组)冠状动脉CT成像各80例患者,心率均≤70次/min。4级法评价2组图像质量,初步分析伪影特点及成因。结果:A、B 2组可评价冠状动脉节段为98.37%和99.29%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.56,P=0.094);可评价患者为85.00%和96.25%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.708,P=0.035);平均节段质量评分为(1.295±0.60)分和(1.21±0.59)分,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.591,P=0.010)。A组的4级图像大部分分布于右冠中远段,多数出现在心率大于65次/min的患者中,均为心脏搏动伪影。B组4级图像散在分布于冠脉各段中,为呼吸及心脏搏动伪影。A组辐射剂量明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义。结论:低心率下Flash与序列扫描均可获得高质量冠状动脉图像,序列扫描略优于Flash扫描;Flash扫描右冠状动脉中远段出现心脏搏动伪影概率大,序列扫描易产生呼吸及心律不齐所致伪影。     

64层CT冠状动脉成像最佳重建时间窗的探讨

目的 :探讨不同心率及不同重建时相对64层CT冠状动脉血管成像图像质量的影响。方法:收集90例临床疑诊冠心病患者的冠状动脉CTA检查资料。按扫描时平均心率分组,对心动周期的R-R相位30%~90%间期,每间隔5%重建后进行血管分析及评分,获得回顾性心电门控最佳重建时相,并评价不同心率时的图像质量。结果:冠状动脉图像质量随心率增加而降低,两者呈负相关。心率70次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时间窗为R-R间期的70%~75%;心率70~79次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时相为R-R间期的60%~70%;心率80次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时相为R-R间期的40%~50%。左前降支在70%和75%R-R重建时相显示最佳,左回旋支在70%R-R时相显示最佳,而右冠状动脉在50%R-R时相显示最佳。结论 :选择最佳重建时相、合理控制心率能够减轻运动伪影,明显提高冠状动脉成像质量,其中准确选择回顾性心电门控最佳重建时相是保证图像质量、准确诊断的重要因素。     

基于运动校正算法的自然心率冠状动脉CTA的可行性研究

目的 与标准算法单扇区(SSEG)重建和双扇区(SSB2)重建比较,评价运动校正算法(SSF)在自然心率下对冠状动脉CTA运动伪影校正的价值.方法 连续搜集行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA的患者104例,回顾性重建R-R间期20％～90％期相,间隔5％.分别选择冠状动脉三大主要分支显示最佳的时相,行SSEG、SSB2、SSF重建.根据扫描时平均心率划分为三组:A组(＜ 65次/min),37例;B组(65～80次/min),40例;C组(＞80次/min),27例.比较各组内SSEG、SSB2和SSF重建在冠状动脉分支水平的图像质量评分、可诊断率及优良率.结果 A、B、C三组SSF重建的图像质量评分均大于SSB2和SSEG重建(P＜0.05);A组SSEG、SSB2与SSF重建的可诊断率均为100％:B组SSEG、SSB2与SSF重建的可诊断率分别为90.8％、94.2％、100％,SSF重建大于SSB2和SSEG重建(P＜0.05);C组SSEG、SSB2与SSF重建的可诊断率分别为66.7％、95.1％、96.3％,SSF和SSB2重建大于SSEG重建.A、B、C三组SSF重建的优良率均大于SSEG和SSB2重建(P＜0.05).各组中,右冠状动脉、左冠状动脉前降支和左冠状动脉回旋支使用SSF重建的图像质量评分均大于SSB2和SSEG重建(P＜0.05).结论 自然心率下,SSF重建可取代SSB2重建校正冠状动脉CT血管成像运动伪影,改善图像质量.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）