A preliminary validation of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) inventory with normal adolescent samples

The present study evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI; Osman, Gutierrez, Kopper, Barrios, & Chiros, 1998) inventory in a sample of high-school youths. The PANSI is designed as a measure of risk and protective factors related to suicidal behavior. Participants (114 boys and 103 girls) completed the PANSI and other self-report instruments. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported adequate fit of the 2-factor oblique model to the sample data. Both factor scales attained adequate levels of reliability. Boys and girls did not differ in their responses to the PANSI scales. The PANSI scale scores were associated with scores from related measures. Logistic-regression analyses were used to evaluate the contributions of the PANSI scale scores to differentiate between the study groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses, using data from the psychiatric suicide risk and high-school control youths, were used to identify cutoff scores of 1.63 and 3.33 for the PANSI-negative and PANSI-positive scales, respectively.     

青少年自杀意念量表中文版在高中生应用的信效度分析

目的 修订青少年自杀意念量表,并检验其信效度.方法 以Osman,Gutierrez,Kopper,Barrios和Chiros等人编制的自杀意念量表(Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation,PANSI)为蓝本,按量表翻译程序将PANSI翻译成中文,选取河南省开封、三门峡和安阳3个...     

Validation of the General Health Questionnaire in a young community sample

Validity coefficients of the 30-item, 28-item and 12-item versions of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were determined by comparison with the Present State Examination (PSE) in a sample of 200 17-year-olds. The PSE classified 7 people (3.5%) as cases, although only 47% were identified as free of symptoms. Misclassification rates, sensitivity and specificity values are presented for different cutting scores for the three versions of the GHQ. The GHQ-28 had superior values, especially with a cutting score of 5/6; the GHQ-12 with a 2/3 cutting score also had acceptable values. All versions of the GHQ correlated highly with the PSE Index of Definition and total scores, providing support for the treatment of GHQ scores as a continuous variable in this kind of population. Correlations between sub-scales of the GHQ-28 give further evidence for a general factor and the relative independence of the social dysfunction sub-scale.     

有无自杀意念军校研究生自杀态度与心理健康状况的比较

目的探讨军校研究生自杀意念与自杀态度、心理健康状况的关系。方法整群抽取342名军校研究生,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自杀态度问卷(QSA)对其进行测评。结果22.51%的军校研究生出现过自杀意念,有自杀意念的学员与无自杀意念的学员在对自杀行为性质的认识和对待安乐死的态度上存在显著差异(P<0.001);有自杀意念研究生的SCL-90各因子分均明显高于无自杀意念的研究生(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001)。结论军校研究生的自杀意念和自杀态度有一定关系;提高其心理健康水平有助于危机的预防。     

Validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) in a psychiatric sample

Investigated the validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) in a psychiatric sample. Fifty psychiatric patients were given the NPI as part of a routine psychological evaluation. Correlations between the NPI and the basic personality style scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) were obtained; the largest correlation was between the NPI and the narcissism scale of the MCMI (r = .66, p less than .001). When classified into the low and high narcissistic groups, there was 74% agreement between the NPI and narcissistic scale of the MCMI. These results provide further support for the construct validity of the NPI.     

应对量表的结构效度研究

目的:对应对量表(COPE)的结构效度进行探索和验证。方法:使用COPE分别对北京市21所高校1725名研究生(随机分为两个样本,样本1=828,样本2=897)以及某国家机关419名工作人员(样本3)进行施测。结果:首先使用研究生样本1对COPE可能存在的二阶因子进行探索性因素分析(EFA),得到3个二阶因子;然后使用研究生样本2对EFA所得到的二阶模型以及竞争模型进行验证性因素分析(CFA),并同时对样本3进行跨样本的结构效度检验。结果显示,一阶相关模型拟合度指数(χ2/df=2.76/2.04,CFI=0.855/0.828,GFI=0.849/0.788,AGFI=0.828/0.758,NFI=0.792/0.715,IFI=0.857/0.831,RMSEA=0.044/0.043)基本符合统计学要求,优于其他竞争模型。结论:COPE的维度结构更符合一阶模型,因子间存在不同程度的相关。     

Natural history of suicidal behaviors in a population-based sample of young adults

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behaviors in young individuals represent an important public health problem. Understanding their natural history and relationships would therefore be of clinical and research value. In this study, we examined the natural histories of several suicidal behaviors and investigated two conceptual models of suicidality (dimensional and categorical) in the context of adolescent and adult-onset suicide attempts. METHOD: Participants were members of a prospectively studied, representative, population-based school cohort followed since age 6 (n = 3017) through mid-adolescence (n = 1715) to their early twenties (n = 1684). Outcome measures included suicidal ideation, attempts and completions. RESULTS: Approximately one in 500 individuals died by suicide. About 33% had suicidal ideas and 9.3% made at least one suicide attempt. Over half (4.9%) of the self-reported attempters made their first attempt before age 18. With the exception of current suicidal ideas, non-fatal suicidal behaviors were more prevalent in females. In general, parental and cross-sectional self-reports underestimated suicidality rates. Aikaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria suggested the ordinal model, and dimensional conceptualization of suicide attempts of different onset age, to be more optimal than its multinomial/categorical counterpart (ordinal: AIC 567.55, BIC 635.67; multinomial: AIC 616.59, BIC 723.83). Both models, nevertheless, identified five common factors of relevance to suicidal diathesis: gender, disruptive disorders, childhood anxiousness and abuse, and suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS: Non-fatal suicidal behaviors in adolescents and young adults are more common than suggested by cross-sectional studies and parental reports. The dimensional model may be more useful in explaining the relationship of suicide attempts of different age of onset.     

Beck自杀意念量表中文版在社区成年人群中应用的信效度

目的:评估Beck自杀意念量表中文版(Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version,BSICV)在国内社区成年人群中的应用情况。方法:选定天津市区(城市)和山东省莱芜市莱城区(农村)作为调查现场,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取≥18岁的社区居民,由受过培训的调查员使用包含BSI-CV[评估最近1周及最消沉、最忧郁或自杀倾向最严重时(简称最严重时)的状况]在内的调查表进行一对一入户调查。569例城市居民和603例农村居民完成首次调查,以评估量表的内部一致性和效度;在首次调查后第5～8天,对调查前期完成首次调查的256例城市受试和504例农村受试依次进行了重测,以检验量表的重测一致性。结果:(1)量表的内部一致性。首次调查全部受试最近1周和最严重时量表总分的Cron-bachα值分别为0.68和0.87,城市受试0.72和0.84,农村受试0.57和0.88。(2)量表的重测一致性。最近一周和最严重时量表总分的ICC全部受试为0.64和0.76,城市受试0.84和0.76,农村受试0.39和0.76。(3)量表的效度。首次调查有自杀未遂史者(N=12)最严重时BSI-CV总分高于无自杀未遂史者(N=1146)[(9.75±9.79)vs.(0.86±3.17),P0.001],但两组最近一周BSI-CV总分差异无统计学意义[(0.42±0.79)vs.(0.14±0.78),P=0.057]。结论:Beck自杀意念量表中文版在国内社区成年人群中应用的信效度较好,特别是最消沉、最忧郁或自杀倾向最严重时的状况评分。     

Epidemiology and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection in a diverse sample of low-income young women

BackgroundTwo HPV vaccines prevent infection with HPV-16 and HPV-18, high-risk (cancer-associated) HPV types which together cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers; one vaccine also prevents HPV-6 and HPV-11, which together cause approximately 90% of anogenital warts. Defining type-specific HPV epidemiology in sexually experienced women will help estimate the potential clinical benefits of vaccinating this population.ObjectivesTo examine HPV epidemiology in a diverse sample of sexually experienced women, and to determine factors associated with high-risk HPV and vaccine-type HPV (HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16 and HPV-18).Study designCross-sectional study of 13–26-year-old women (N = 409) who completed a questionnaire and provided a cervicovaginal swab. Swabs were genotyped for HPV using PCR amplification. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether participant characteristics, knowledge, and behaviors were associated with high-risk and vaccine-type HPV.ResultsMost women (68.4%) were positive for ≥1 HPV type, 59.5% were positive for ≥1 high-risk type, 33.1% were positive for ≥1 vaccine-type HPV, and 3.5% were positive for both HPV-16 and HPV-18: none was positive for all four vaccine types. In adjusted logistic regression models, Black race (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.21–3.41) and lifetime number of male sexual partners (OR 4.79, 95% CI 2.04–11.23 for ≥10 partner vs. ≤1 partner) were independently associated with high-risk HPV infection.ConclusionsHPV prevalence was very high in this sample of sexually active young women, but <5% were positive for both HPV-16 and HPV-18, suggesting that vaccination could be beneficial for many individual women who are sexually experienced.     

军校学员自杀意念和自杀态度的调查与分析

目的 了解军校本科学员对自杀的态度和存在自杀意念的状况。方法 随机抽取4个年级共413名学员，施测自杀态度问卷（QSA）。结果 总体上军校学员对自杀持中立态度，年级间存在显着差异，20．34％的学员存在自杀意念，有自杀意念的学员与无自杀意念的学员在自杀态度上存在显著差异。结论 加强对军校学员的生命教育，提高生命质量。     

Beck自杀意念量表中文版在大学学生中应用的信效度

目的:评估Beck自杀意念量表中文版(BSI-CV)在大学学生匿名与署名调查中的信效度。方法:选定位于重庆市的42所大学作为调查现场,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取其中4所大学的765例大学学生,其中629例完成了自评调查。调查内容包括主动自杀意念和BSI-CV(分别评估最近一周及既往最严重时的状况)。随机安排一半学生署名、一半学生匿名接受调查。310例学生在首次调查后第5～8天完成了重测。结果:总样本最近一周和最严重时BSI-CV总分的内部一致性Cronbachα分别为0.78和0.86,匿名样本为0.74和0.88,署名样本为0.81和0.84。总样本最近一周和最严重时BSI-CV总分的重测一致性ICC分别为0.56和0.75,匿名样本为0.80和0.81,署名样本为0.41和0.69。根据主动自杀意念评估条目将被试分为有、无主动自杀意念两组,有主动自杀意念组最近一周和最严重时BSI-CV总分均高于无主动自杀意念组(均P<0.05)。结论:Beck自杀意念量表中文版在大学学生中应用的信效度良好。匿名调查时量表的重测一致性优于署名调查时。     

The Inventory of Negative Thoughts in Response to Pain: Factor structure and psychometric properties in a college sample

The psychometric properties of the Inventory of Negative Thoughts in Response to Pain (INTRP) were investigated in a sample of undergraduate students. Factor analysis identified three factors: negative self-statement, negative social cognition, and self-blame. Reliabilities of the factor scales were high. No significant gender differences were obtained on the factor scales. Correlations between the factor scales and the nine subscales of the Symptom Checklist 90R were positive and significant, except one. The results support the factor structure and reliability of the INTRP in a sample of college students.     

大学生自杀意念的影响因素研究

目的研究我国大学生自杀意念的影响因素,为更好地预防和干预大学生自杀行为的发生提供理论帮助。方法在中国知网中,以大学生、自杀意念、影响因素作为关键词,搜索相关文献,进行文献综述。结果大学生自杀意念的形成是内部因素如人格特征等、外部因素如生活事件等共同作用的结果。结论目前大学生自杀意念相关影响因素的研究尚显不足。     

偏执型精神分裂症康复期患者自杀意念与认知损害状况

目的探讨伴有自杀意念的偏执型精神分裂症康复期患者的认知功能状况以及自杀意念与认知损害的关系。方法使用重复性成套神经心理状态测验(RBANS)对40例伴自杀意念的偏执型精神分裂症康复期患者和40例不伴自杀意念的偏执型精神分裂症康复期患者进行认知功能检测。结果①有无自杀意念偏执型精神分裂症康复期患者两组间年龄、性别、教育程度、婚姻状态、抑郁量表评分比较差异无统计学意义;②伴自杀意念偏执型精神分裂症康复期患者患者RBANS总分(t=3.230,P=0.002)、视觉广度分值(t=5.190,P=0.000)、即刻记忆分值(t=9.255,P=0.000)、言语功能分值(t=11.840,P=0.000)均低于不伴自杀意念患者;③Logistic回归分析结果显示,视觉广度分值(OR=1.205,P0.05)、即刻记忆分值(OR=2.237,P0.05)、言语功能分值(OR=1.193,P0.05)是偏执型精神分裂症康复期患者自杀意念的危险因素。结论伴自杀意念偏执型精神分裂症康复期患者存在明显认知功能缺陷,认知功能缺陷者可能存在更高的自杀意念发生率。     

Recurrent brief depressive disorder reinvestigated: a community sample of adolescents and young adults

BACKGROUND: This article presents prospective lower bound estimations of findings on prevalence, incidence, clinical correlates, severity markers, co-morbidity and course stability of threshold and subthreshold recurrent brief depressive disorder (RBD) and other mood disorders in a community sample of 3021 adolescents. METHOD: Data were collected at baseline (age 14-17) and at two follow-up interviews within an observation period of 42 months. Diagnostic assessment was based on the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). RESULTS: Our data suggest that RBD is a prevalent (2.6%) clinical condition among depressive disorders (21.3%) being at least as prevalent as dysthymia (2.3%) in young adults over lifetime. Furthermore, RBD is associated with significant clinical impairment sharing many features with major depressive disorder (MDD). Suicide attempts were reported in 7.8% of RBD patients, which was similar to MDD (11.9%). However, other features, like gender distribution or co-morbidity patterns, differ essentially from MDD. Furthermore, the lifetime co-occurrence of MDD and RBD or combined depression represents a severe psychiatric condition. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further independent support for RBD as a clinically significant syndrome that could not be significantly explained as a prodrome or residual of major affective disorders.     

Associations between ethnicity and self-reported hallucinations in a population sample of young adults in The Netherlands

BACKGROUND: Psychotic disorders are more common in people from ethnic minorities. If psychosis exists as a continuous phenotype, ethnic disparities in psychotic disorder will be accompanied by similar ethnic disparities in the rate of psychotic symptoms. This study examined ethnic disparities in self-reported hallucinations in a population sample of young adults.MethodA cross-sectional population survey (n=2258) was carried out in the south-west Netherlands. Seven ethnic groups were delineated: Dutch natives, Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese/Antilleans, Indonesians, other non-Western immigrants (mostly from Africa or Asia) and Western immigrants (mostly from Western Europe). Self-reported auditory and visual hallucinations were assessed with the Adult Self-Report (ASR). Indicators of social adversity included social difficulties and a significant drop in financial resources. RESULTS: Compared to Dutch natives, Turkish females [odds ratio (OR) 13.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.97-30.42], Moroccan males (OR 8.36, 95% CI 3.29-21.22), Surinamese/Antilleans (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.05-4.58), Indonesians (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.69-10.19) and other non-Western immigrants (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.62-7.85) were more likely to report hallucinations, whereas Western immigrants, Turkish males and Moroccan females did not differ from their Dutch counterparts. When adjusting for social adversity, the ORs for self-reported hallucinations among the non-Western immigrant groups showed considerable reductions of 28% to 52%. CONCLUSIONS: In a general population sample, several non-Western immigrant groups reported hallucinations more often than Dutch natives, which is consistent with the higher incidence of psychotic disorders in most of these groups. The associations between ethnicity and hallucinations diminished after adjustment for social adversity, which supports the view that adverse social experiences contribute to the higher rate of psychosis among migrants.     

浏阳市农村居民对自杀意念的自我归因

目的:了解农村居民自杀意念发生率及对自杀意念的自我归因。方法:采用分层、随机、整群抽样方法,抽取湖南省浏阳市永安镇6个村14个组的居民,用自行设计的调查表入户单独面谈。结果:共有851名调查对象接受调查并完成问卷。农村居民的最近一年自杀意念发生率为13.4%。25-34岁以及35-44岁人群主要将自己的自杀意念归因于人际纠纷,而老年人则更多地将自己的自杀意念归因于经济困难和疾病。结论:农村居民自杀意念发生率较高,自杀意念的发生可能有较复杂的社会和经济因素的影响。     

Validation of a new questionnaire on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and conjunctivitis in young adults

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic data on asthma and allergies among adults are mainly based on questionnaires: this study validates the questions on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and conjunctivitis of a new Finnish questionnaire. METHODS: To validate questions used in a country-wide study among university students aged 18-25 years, we examined 150 subjects who had ever reported asthma or wheezing, and 140 without asthma symptoms. Questions were validated in relation to current diseases including 1) symptoms detected during the preceding year at the physician's interview 2) objective measurements, such as methacholine challenge, skin prick tests, and specific IgE. Data were adjusted for original proportions of "asthmatics" and"nonasthmatics" in the questionnaire study. RESULTS: Questions on "reported asthma" and "doctor-diagnosed asthma" had good positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity in diagnosing current asthma. The question on "attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing", and especially the question on "cough with wheezing" were most sensitive. Questions on "allergic nasal symptoms" and "allergic eye symptoms" that were "related to pollen or animals" were sensitive, but a further question on doctor's diagnosis yielded higher specificity and PPV. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis-based questions were found suitable for risk-factor studies, because of their good specificity and PPV, and symptom-based questions for screening, because they were highest in sensitivity.