黄芪预处理对缺血-再灌注心肌线粒体的保护作用

目的 观察黄芪预处理对兔心肌缺血-再灌注时心肌线粒体功能及结构的影响.方法 将家兔24只随机均分为心肌缺血-再灌注组(A组)、黄芪预处理组(B组)、假手术组(C组).检测线粒体Ca2+浓度([Ca2+])、丙二醛(MDA)浓度、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及心肌三磷酸腺苷酸(ATP)含量,并观察线粒体超微结构的改变.结果 B组SOD、ATP含量、比表面(δ)明显高于A组(P<0.05或P<0.01),[Ca2+]、MDA、体密度(Vv)显著低于A组(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 黄芪预处理对缺血-再灌注心肌线粒体有一定保护作用.     

黄芪注射液对大鼠扭转复位后睾丸组织的保护作用

目的:探讨黄芪注射液对雄性Wistar大鼠扭转复位后睾丸的保护作用。方法:30只大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组)、睾丸扭转复位组(B组)、黄芪注射液治疗组(C组),每组10只,Turner法建立单侧睾丸扭转复位模型,原位缺口末端标记法检测各组睾丸组织中生殖细胞凋亡,化学比色法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:黄芪注射液治疗组与睾丸扭转复位组比较,SOD含量明显升高,MDA含量明显降低,生精细胞凋亡指数明显降低。睾丸扭转复位组、黄芪注射液治疗组与假手术对照组比较,SOD含量明显降低,MDA含量明显升高,生精细胞凋亡指数明显升高。结论:黄芪注射液可减少大鼠睾丸扭转复位后睾丸组织的双侧睾丸生殖细胞凋亡,对扭转复位后睾丸生殖细胞有保护作用。其机理可能与提高抗氧化酶活性及减少氧自由基的产生从而减轻大鼠睾丸扭转复位后的缺血再灌注损伤有关。     

绞股蓝皂苷在小鼠皮肤衰老中的抗氧化损伤作用研究

目的:探讨绞股蓝皂苷对衰老小鼠皮肤的抗氧化保护作用。方法:60只小鼠随机分成3组,青年组(A)、老年对照组(B)和老年给药组(C);A、B组灌胃生理盐水20ml/kg,C组灌胃绞股蓝皂苷提取液8g/kg,每天1次。30天后取皮肤组织,检测丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。结果:与A组比较,B组、C组皮肤组织中MDA含量增加,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性降低(P<0.05);与B组比较,C组皮肤组织中MDA含量减少,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性增加(P<0.05)。结论:灌胃绞股蓝皂苷可减轻衰老小鼠皮肤的氧化损伤,具有延缓小鼠皮肤衰老的作用。     

诱导HO-1改善氧化应激状态减轻老年供肝缺血-再灌注损伤

目的观察诱导血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1) 生成能否减轻老年供肝移植后缺血-再灌注损伤.方法取老年(16个月龄)SD大鼠5只和成年(3个月龄)大鼠5只,分别测定其肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及维生素E(Vit E)、维生素C(Vit C)和丙二醛(MDA)含量; 另取老年SD大鼠60只作为供体,随机均分为血晶素(Hemin)组和对照组,分别于取肝前24 h腹腔注射Hemin或生理盐水,然后将其肝脏移植给同种大鼠,同时观察再灌注后肝脏组织学变化和细胞凋亡.结果老年大鼠肝脏组织中SOD活性明显低于成年大鼠,Vit C含量亦少(P＜0.05),而MDA明显增高(P＜0.05).用Hemin预处理的老年SD大鼠供肝在切取前,SOD活性增加,Vit E、Vit C含量增加,MDA含量降低(P＜0.05); 肝移植后血清ALT明显降低,肝组织HO-1活性明显增高,肝脏组织学检查示再灌注后凋亡细胞明显减少(P＜0.05).结论老年SD大鼠肝脏存在氧化应激和脂质过氧化状态,HO-1可通过改善这种状态而减轻其缺血-再灌注损伤.     

星状神经节阻滞对糖尿病性面神经麻痹患者血清NO及NOS的影响

目的探讨星状神经节阻滞（SGB）对糖尿病性面神经麻痹患者血清一氧化氮（NO）及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的影响。方法糖尿病性面神经麻痹患者（病程≤7 d）32例,年龄51～73岁,体重53～74 kg,随机分为药物治疗组（A组）和星状神经节阻滞组（B组）,每组16例。在有效控制血糖的基础上,A组静脉输注5%葡萄糖250 ml＋胞二磷胆碱0.75 g＋奥扎格雷250 ml,肌肉注射Vit B6 100 mg、Vit B120.5 mg,1次/d;B组以1%利多卡因10 ml含Vit B12 0.5 mg行患侧SGB,1次/d。疗程20 d,在治疗过程中痊愈的患者终止治疗。分别于治疗前（T1）、治疗后第1天（T2）、治疗后第5天（T3）、治疗后第10天（T4）和治疗后第20天（T5）清晨空腹取静脉血。分别采用硫代巴比妥酸法及黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定血清丙二醛（MDA）浓度和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,采用亚硝酸还原法测定血清NO浓度及NOS活性。根据面部表情肌数量级量化评分判定临床疗效。结果两组T1时面部表情肌数量级量化评分及血清MDA、NO浓度,SOD、NOS活性差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;与T1时相比,两组T4,5时面部表情肌数量级量化评分升高,T3-5时血清MDA浓度降低,NO浓度、SOD、NOS及cNOS活性升高,B组T2时SOD、cNOS活性升高（P〈0.05或0.01）;与A组相比,B组T4,5时面部表情肌数量级量化评分升高,T3-5）时血清MDA浓度降低,NO浓度、SOD及NOS活性升高,T2-5时cNOS活性升高（P〈0.05或0.01）。结论星状神经节阻滞可通过提高糖尿病性面神经麻痹患者血清cNOS的活性,提高NO水平,促进面神经功能的恢复。     

老年腹膜透析患者氧化应激与细胞免疫功能的相关性

目的:探讨老年腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)患者氧化应激与细胞免疫功能的相关性。方法:选择老年PD患者65例为试验组,另选择非老年PD患者65例为对照组,检测患者血红蛋白(Hb),尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、白蛋白(Alb)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、血糖(Glu)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的数值; ELISA法检测白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的数值;流式细胞仪测定CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CD2+5的数值;紫外分光光度仪检测维生素E(Vit E)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的数值。结果:两组患者性别、透析龄、透析剂量、Hb、BUN、Scr、Alb、CD8+差异均无统计学意义(P0. 05)。老年组K、Vit E、SOD、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值、CD2+5、IL-2低于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),而两组间CD8+差异无统计学意义。老年组MDA、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α高于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。SOD、Vit E与CRP、IL-6、TNF-α存在显著负相关,与K、IL-2存在显著正相关; MDA与CRP、IL-6、TNF-α存在显著正相关,与K、IL-2存在显著负相关。CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均与Vit E、SOD、K、CD2+5、IL-2呈显著正相关(P均0. 05),与MDA、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α存在显著负相关(P均0. 05)。结论:老年PD患者氧化应激与免疫细胞活化及增殖功能障碍密切相关,应重视老年PD患者的抗氧化治疗。     

静脉补铁对维持性血液透析患者微炎症及氧化应激状态的影响

目的探讨静脉补铁对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者微炎症及氧化应激状态的影响。方法选择MHD患者71例,随机分为静脉组(24例)、口服组(27例)和未补铁组(20例)。观察用药前后血红蛋白(Hb)浓度、红细胞压积(Hct)、血清铁(SI)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)等疗效指标以及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等炎症指标和血浆及红细胞中丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(CSH-px)、全血过氧化氢酶(CAT)等氧化应激指标,并监测不良反应。结果8周后,静脉组Hb水平及SF较治疗前明显改善(P<0.01);血浆及红细胞中MDA较治疗前显著升高(P<0.01),SOD、GSH-px和全血中的CAT均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);血清CRP、IL-1β、TNF-α均较治疗前显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。相关性分析发现,8周后静脉组血浆MDA与SF呈正相关,MDA与TNF-α呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论静脉补铁可有效改善患者贫血及缺铁,但也加剧了其炎症及氧化应激状态。MHD患者体内炎症及氧化应激之间具有相关性,氧化应激似乎是形成慢性炎症的关键因素之一。     

连续性血液净化疗法对心脏术后多脏器功能障碍患者氧化应激的影响

目的前瞻性观察连续性血液净化(CBP)对心脏术后多脏器功能障碍(MODS)伴急性肾衰竭(ARF)氧化一抗氧化指标的变化对患者存活的影响。方法16例心脏术后MODS伴ARF的患者行CBP治疗。分别在治疗前和治疗后2、6、12、24、48h取血检测两组血清丙二醛(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),总抗氧化能力(TAC)等指标的变化。另设健康对照组比较。结果①16例患者中8例存活(A组),8例死亡(B组)。②与健康对照组相比,MODS伴ARF组治疗前在性别、年龄方面差异无显著性。③A组MDA在治疗2、6h后,较治疗前下降,但无统计学意义,12h后明显下降,此后有不断下降趋势;而B组在48h的治疗过程中MDA持续高水平,较治疗前无明显下降。A组SOD在治疗2、6、12h后较治疗前无明显变化,24h后后明显下降,此后有不断下降趋势;B组SOD在治疗2h后即开始明显下降,此后有不断下降趋势。A组TAC在治疗2h后较治疗前无明显变化,6h后明显下降,此后有不断下降趋势;B组TAC在治疗2h后即开始明显下降,此后有不断下降趋势。结论①心脏术后MODS伴ARF患者发生了氧化应激。②CBP能改善MODS伴ARF患者的氧化应激,减轻氧化损伤。③在CBP治疗过程中,血清MDA持续高水平及SOD早期下降者预后差;动态监测MDA及．SOD有助于判断心脏术后MODS伴ARF的预后。     

星状神经节阻滞对特发性面神经麻痹患者红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的观察星状神经节阻滞(SGB)对特发性面神经麻痹患者红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法将起病到确诊7d内的患者44例随机均分为两组,星状神经节阻滞组(A组),常规治疗组(B组);另选择22名健康人为正常对照组(C组)。观察A、B两组患者不同时点的丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)、红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC-ICR)以及面部表情肌数量级量化评分;C组单次取血测定以上指标设为正常对照值。结果(1)治疗前A、B两组间MDA、RBC-ICR差异无统计学意义,但两组均高于C组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后MDA含量、RBC-ICR均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),A组又明显低于B组(P<0.05)。(2)治疗前A、B组间RBC-C3bRR、SOD差异无统计学意义,但A、B组均低于C组(P<0.05),治疗后两组RBC-C3bRR、SOD均明显高于治疗前(P<0.05),A组又明显高于B组。(3)治疗后两组面部表情肌数量级量化评分均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),A组分值改善情况优于B组(P<0.05)。结论特发性面神经麻痹患者红细胞免疫功能低于正常人,星状神经节阻滞能提高特发性面神经麻痹患者红细胞免疫黏附功能,缩短痊愈时间。     

黄芪注射液对血液透析患者静脉铁剂治疗后氧化应激的影响

目的:观察黄芪注射液对血液透析患者铁剂治疗后氧化应激的影响。方法:于我血透中心行维持性血液透析治疗并发肾性贫血的患者60例患者纳入研究,采用随机数字表法分为:对照组、治疗组。两组患者除基础治疗外,分别给予铁剂、铁剂+黄芪注射液治疗,每周三次,共十次。观察两组患者治疗后氧化应激指标血清血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA),贫血和铁代谢指标血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、铁(Fe)水平的变化。结果:研究完成情况良好,两组患者分组均衡,基线状况良好,可比性强。治疗前GSH-Px、SOD、MDA、Hb、Fe、SF、TSAT差异差异均无明显统计学意义(P 0. 05);治疗后对照组GSH-Px、SOD较治疗前降低(P 0. 05),MDA较治疗前升高(P 0. 05);治疗后治疗组较对照组GSH-Px、SOD升高,MDA降低,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05);治疗组较对照组Hb、TSAT、SF、Fe明显升高,在改善贫血方面,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P 0. 05)。结论:黄芪注射液可一定程度上改善血液透析患者静脉铁剂治疗后氧化应激状态,提高纠正贫血疗效。     

Increased oxidative stress and oxidative damage associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis

目的:探讨慢性细菌性前列腺炎是否会在患者体内引起氧化应激加剧和氧化损伤及其可能的机理。方法:采用病例对照研究设计,用分光光度分析法检测了随机纳入的70例慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者(CBPP)与70例健康成人志愿者(HAV)的血浆一氧化氮(NO),维生素 C(VC)、维生素 E(VE)和β-胡萝卜素(β-CAR)水平以及红细胞丙二醛(MDA)水平,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性。结果:与 HAV 组相比较,CBPP 组的血浆 NO 和红细胞 MDA 的均值显著增高(P<0.001),血浆 VC、VE 和β-CAR 及红细胞 SOD、CAT 和 GPX 活性均值显著降低(P<0.001)。70例 CBPP 的偏相关分析结果提示,随着病程的延长,NO 和 MDA 值逐渐增高(P<0.001),VC、VE、β-CAR、SOD、CAT 和 GPX 值逐渐降低(P<0.05-0.001)。70例 CBPP 的逐步回归提示其模型为 Y=-13.2077 0.1894MDA 0.0415NO-0.1999GPX,F=18.2047,P<0.001,r=0.6729,P<0.001。结论:本研究结果提示,患者体内存在着由慢性细菌性前列腺炎引起的氧化应激加剧和氧化损伤,且这种现象与患者的病程密切相关。     

The association of oxidant–antioxidant status in patients with chronic renal failure

Oxidative stress has been linked to disease progression, including chronic renal failure (CRF). The aim of the present study was to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) as a sign of lipid peroxidation, and to investigate the association between antioxidant activities and three trace elements, in 49 patients with CRF. The erythrocyte and plasma trace elements [selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)] and antioxidant defense levels were determined: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), vitamins E and C. The obtained values were compared with 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. There were significantly lower mean values of plasma Se, GPx, vitamins E and C, erythrocyte Se, SOD and CAT levels in the patient group compared to the control group (p?相似文献   

Effect of vitamin E therapy on oxidative stress and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis

BACKGROUND: Several medications have been tested with the aim of decreasing oxidative stress and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on dialysis. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of vitamin E therapy on oxidative stress and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS: This was a placebo-controlled study. The study was performed on 34 HD patients, 13 PD patients and 22 healthy volunteers with a mean age of 45.57 +/- 8.54 years. HD patients were divided into 2 groups: treatment (n=19) and control (n=15). Vitamin E was administered, 300 mg/day, to the HD treatment group and PD patients for 20 weeks. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant condition and erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) were examined before and after treatment. RESULTS: Before the treatment, the levels of EOF (p<0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.001) were significantly lower, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p=0.001) and vitamin E levels (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the healthy group than PD and HD groups. Serum vitamin E increased from 0.93 +/- 0.16 to 1.09 +/- 0.14 mg/dL (p=0.001), EOF decreased from 0.49% +/- 0.03% to 0.42% +/- 0.04% NaCl (p<0.001), and plasma MDA values decreased from 2.77 +/- 0.87 to 2.20 +/- 0.767 nmol/mL (p=0.018) in the HD treatment group after vitamin E treatment. Levels of EOF decreased from 0.51% +/- 0.09% to 0.43% +/- 0.03% NaCl in the PD treatment group after vitamin E treatment (p=0.021). CONCLUSION: Vitamin E therapy is effective in decreasing the levels of EOF in patients on HD and PD, and it is also effective in decreasing lipid peroxidation in patients on HD.     

Assessment of oxidative stress in the early posttransplant period: comparison of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus-based regimens

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Although it is clear that many metabolic abnormalities improve, the effects of kidney transplantation on oxidative state are obscure. METHODS: Twenty-three kidney transplant patients were included in the study. Eleven patients (mean age 27.9+/- 9.1 years) were treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) whereas 12 patients (mean age 22.4 +/- 3.4 years) were treated with tacrolimus. Twenty-three healthy subjects served as controls. None of the patients or controls suffered from diabetes mellitus or an acute infection at the time of the study. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma selenium (Se), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), erythrocyte Zn (EZn), and erythrocyte Cu (ECu) levels were studied before and in the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after the transplantation. RESULTS: The GSH-Px, SOD, ECu, EZn and selenium levels were lower and MDA levels were higher in patients than controls before transplantation (p < 0.001 for all). MDA levels decreased and SOD, GSH-Px, ECu, EZn levels increased in parallel to the decrement of serum creatinine levels following the renal transplantation. No difference was found among the patients regarding the treatment regime. CONCLUSION: The study data suggest that the improvement in oxidative state parameters begins at the first day of renal transplantation and continues at the 28th posttransplant day in living donor transplantations.     

Oxidative stress and ferritin levels in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Increased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Ferritin may have other effects in addition to its role in storing intracellular iron. This study was performed to determine any relationships between markers of OS, nutrition and inflammation in HD patients with normal and high ferritin levels. METHODS: Our cohort comprised 34 maintenance dialysis patients on erythropoietin therapy and 22 healthy controls. HD patients were divided into two groups: 17 with normal (<800 ng/ml) and 17 with high (>800 ng/ml) ferritin levels, and we measured lipid profile, albumin, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), anti-oxidant enzymes [whole blood glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase, arylestherase (AE) and total anti-oxidant status (TAOC)], anti-oxidants (vitamin C) and lipid peroxidation products [red blood cell malondialdehyde (RBC MDA)]. RESULTS: Compared with controls, the HD patients had higher serum urea, blood pressure, triglyceride, hsCRP, RBC MDA, SOD and TAOC values and lower albumin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI, paraoxonase, AE and whole blood Gpx activities. Serum vitamin C, uric acid, apolipoprotein B, total- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B MDA, and lymphocyte levels in the HD patients with normal and high ferritin levels were similar. The OS markers of HD patients did not differ, whether or not they received intravenous iron supplementation or had transferrin saturations < 50% or > or = 50%. CONCLUSION: HD patients are in a higher oxidative state, which results in the reduction of total anti-oxidant capacity and also have an increased inflammation status. We could not find a relationship between ferritin level and OS markers in HD patients receiving erythropoietin.     

Carotid artery intima-media thickness correlates with oxidative stress in chronic haemodialysis patients with accelerated atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Accelerated atherosclerosis is the major cause of mortality in patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD). Increased oxidative stress might be the major factor leading to high cardiovascular mortality rate in HD patients. The aim of our study was to clarify effects of uraemia and dialysis on oxidative stress parameters and explore the relation between oxidative stress markers and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) as an indicator of atherosclerosis. METHODS: Twenty chronic HD patients, 20 predialytic uraemic patients and 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl content (PCO) and nitrite/nitrate levels were determined as oxidative stress markers. Serum vitamin E, plasma sulfhydryl (P-SH), erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured as antioxidants. CIMT was assessed by carotid artery ultrasonography. RESULTS: Both chronic HD and predialytic uraemic patients had enhanced oxidative stress indicated by higher levels of nitrite/nitrate, TBARS and PCO, and lower levels of P-SH, SOD, CAT and GPx compared to controls. HD patients had significantly higher CIMT and nitrite/nitrate while significantly lower P-SH,vitamin E, SOD, CAT and GPx compared to predialytic uraemic patients. There was a significant positive correlation between CIMT and TBARS (r = 0.38, P = 0.003) and nitrite/nitrate levels (r = 0.41, P = 0.001), while there was a significant negative correlation between CIMT and SOD (r = -0.35, P = 0.01), CAT (r = -0.65, P < 0.001) and P-SH levels (r = -0.50, P < 0.001). A linear regression analysis showed that TBARS were still significantly and positively correlated with CIMT (P = 0.001), while CAT and P-SH were significantly and negatively correlated with CIMT (P = 0.002 and P = 0.048, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HD exacerbates oxidative stress and disturbances in antioxidant enzymes in uraemic patients. We propose that serum TBARS and nitrite/nitrate can be used as positive determinants, while erythrocyte SOD, CAT and P-SH may be used as negative determinants of atherosclerosis assessed by CIMT in uraemic and HD patients.     

Effect of urate-lowering therapy with febuxostat on oxidative stress in hyperuricemic patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5

Objective To estimate the effect of urate-lowering therapy with febuxostat on oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5 patients with hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods The study was a prospective cohort study. The patients of CKD stages 3-5 with HUA between June 2015 and June 2018 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were prospectively analyzed. The patients were assigned to febuxostat (A) group, allopurinol (B) group and non-hyperuricemia (C) group according to the level of serum uric acid and the choice of urate-lowering drugs. Serum uric acid, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured at baseline, 1 month and 3 months after treatment and the changes of the values of inflammation and oxidative stress before or after treatment were compared. According to the level of serum uric acid, patients were divided into attainment group and nonattainment group, and the correlation between uric acid and oxidative stress was analyzed at baseline and 3 months after treatment respectively. Results There was no significant difference in baseline levels of serum uric acid, inflammation and oxidative stress between group A and group B (P＞0.05). The levels of serum uric acid, hs-CRP, MDA and ET-1 of group A and group B were significantly higher than those of group C, but the level of SOD of group A and group B was significantly lower than that of group C at baseline (P＜0.001). After treatment for 1 month and 3 months, the values of serum uric acid, hs-CRP, MDA and ET-1 in group A were significantly lower than those in group B, while the level of SOD in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P＜0.001). Compared with pre-treatment period, both the serum uric acid, hs-CRP, MDA and ET-1 levels of group A and group B were declined significantly while SOD had a significant rise after 3 months treatment (P＜0.001). The changes of group A were significantly higher than those of group B (P＜0.001). At baseline and 3 months after treatment, serum uric acid was positively related to hs-CRP, MDA and ET-1, but negatively related to SOD in nonattainment group (| r |＞0.50, P＜0.001); serum uric acid was positively related to hs-CRP, MDA and SOD (| r |＞0.70, P＜0.001), and there was no correlation between serum uric acid and ET-1 in attainment group (P＞0.05). Conclusions Febuxostat performed better than allopurinol in lowering urate and inhibiting oxidative stress in CKD stages 3-5 patients with HUA, thus reducing vascular endothelial injury. Elevated serum uric acid may be one of the important factors that promote oxidative stress and increase endothelial damage in CKD patients.     

Evaluation of lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in hemodialysis patients

Oxidative stress often occurs in chronic hemodialysis (HD). The aim of the present study was to determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level for lipid peroxidation product and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities as enzymatic antioxidants. Thirty-one HD patients (aged 50.3 ± 14.9 years) who were dialyzed three times per week and 31 healthy subjects (aged 47.8 ± 13.9 years) were enrolled. The results showed lower enzymatic antioxidants activity (GPx, SOD) and higher MDA levels in comparison with control subjects. In addition, SOD and GPx activities significantly decreased and MDA increased after HD. We also found that there was a significantly negative correlation between SOD and GPx with MDA. The results suggest that elevated level of plasma MDA and reduced activities of SOD and GPx can be caused oxidative stress, which may play a critical role in HD complications.     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in children on maintenance dialysis

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with numerous complications, which may partly result from excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species and/or decreased antioxidant activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LP) in plasma and erythrocytes, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px), and concentrations of Cu and Zn as cofactors of SOD and Se as a cofactor of GSH-Px in erythrocytes, plasma and in dialysis fluid in children with ESRD. In particular, we analyzed whether the modality of dialysis could modify oxidative stress parameters in children. To determine the influence of hemodialysis (HD) on oxidative stress, the measurements were also performed on HD children 20 min after the beginning of the dialysis session. Thirty-one patients participated in the study: group I with 10 children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and group II with 21 on HD. The erythrocyte malondialdehyde concentrations (E-MDA), plasma MDA (P-MDA) and plasma organic hydroperoxide (OHP) in children from both groups were higher than in controls. E-MDA and P-MDA in HD before the session was lower compared to the values after 20 min of HD session (time T²⁰). The activity of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, concentrations of erythrocyte and plasma Se, Cu, Zn were lower in children with ESRD than in controls. In the HD group, the activity of GSH-Px, CAT, and levels of trace elements in erythrocytes and in plasma were diminished at time T²⁰. In conclusion, increased oxidative stress occurs in children on maintenance dialysis, independent of dialysis modality. The activity of the enzymatic antioxidant defence system is highly reduced in red blood cells of pediatric dialysis patients. Children with ESRD exhibit lower trace element (Se, Cu, Zn) levels in plasma and erythrocytes as compared to healthy subjects. Oxidative stress is aggravated during every single HD session in children.     

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in End‐Stage Heart Failure Patients Following Continuous‐Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Differences in Plasma Redox Status and Leukocyte Activation

The role of oxidative stress and leukocyte activation has not been elucidated in developing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in heart failure (HF) patients after continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) implantation. The objective of this study was to investigate the change of plasma redox status and leukocyte activation in CF‐LVAD implanted HF patients with or without SIRS. We recruited 31 CF‐LVAD implanted HF patients (16 SIRS and 15 non‐SIRS) and 11 healthy volunteers as the control. Pre‐ and postimplant blood samples were collected from the HF patients. Plasma levels of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocyte, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and polymorphonuclear elastase (PMN‐elastase) were measured. The HF patients had a preexisting condition of oxidative stress than healthy controls as evident from the higher oxLDL and MDA levels as well as depleted SOD and TAC. Leukocyte activation in terms of higher plasma MPO and PMN‐elastase was also prominent in HF patients than controls. Persistent oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant status were found to be more belligerent in HF patients with SIRS after the implantation of CF‐LVAD when compared with non‐SIRS patients. Similar to oxidative stress, the activation of blood leukocyte was significantly highlighted in SIRS patients after implantation compared with non‐SIRS. We identified that the plasma redox status and leukocyte activation became more prominent in CF‐LVAD implanted HF patients who developed SIRS. Our findings suggest that plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and leukocyte activation may be associated with the development of SIRS after CF‐LVAD implant surgery.