破裂颅内动脉瘤早期治疗的必要性

目的探讨破裂颅内动脉瘤早期治疗的必要性。方法首次破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤(Hunt-HessⅠ-Ⅳ级)患者62例,其中13例入院后发生再出血。采用单独开颅手术夹闭25例,单独介入栓塞27例,两者结合治疗3例。7例再出血者Hunt-Hess分级转为Ⅴ级,行保守治疗。预后评价采用GOS评分。结果本组再出血率为20.97%。再出血组13例中预后良好5例(38.5%),较差8例(61.5%);未出血组预后良好42例(85.7%),较差7例(14.3%);两组比较,P(0.05。4例术后有明确血管痉挛者1例预后良好,3例较差。早期(3日以内)治疗组21例,预后良好19例(90.48%);中期(3日～2周)治疗组24例,预后良好17例(70.83%);晚期(2周以上)治疗组10例,预后良好6例(60.00%),早期治疗组和中晚期相比,P(0.05。结论对于破裂颅内动脉瘤患者,早期及时进行干预治疗是防止再出血的关键。     

显微手术夹闭治疗老年颅内动脉瘤的疗效(附49例报道)

目的 探讨显微手术夹闭治疗老年患者颅内动脉瘤的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析49例60岁以上颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料(包括破裂出血41例,未破裂出血8例).根据术前数字减影血管造影(DSA)和头颅CT血管造影(CTA)检查确认动脉瘤后,48例采用经翼点入路,1例采用经纵裂入路夹闭颅内动脉瘤,出院时根据格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)评价预后.结果 根据GOS评分,41例破裂出血患者,Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级28例,其中26例(93%)取得良好预后,重度残疾2例(7%);Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级13例,其中7例(54%)取得了良好的预后,重度残疾3例(23%),植物生存1例(8%),死亡2例(15%).未破裂动脉瘤8例,均取得良好预后(100%).结论 破裂动脉瘤的老年患者应尽可能早期手术,术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级者预后良好,而Ⅳ级以上病死率和伤残率仍较高;未破裂动脉瘤老年患者应采取积极治疗.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂出血并脑疝形成的急诊手术探查

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂出血并脑疝患者急诊手术的可行性。方法 5例颅内动脉瘤破裂出血并脑疝形成患者入院经CT检查后直接急诊开颅探查,术中先清除部分颅内血肿,降低颅内压,后行动脉瘤探查并夹闭;对探查过程中再次破裂出血者及时控制出血并夹闭动脉瘤。术后3月按GOS分级标准对患者的预后进行评价。结果术中发现前交通动脉瘤2例,后交通动脉瘤2例,大脑中动脉瘤1例。按GOS评价预后,恢复良好2例,中残1例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。结论动脉瘤破裂出血并脑疝者病情危重,需要急诊手术;只要术前准备充分,即使在探查中动脉瘤再次出血,也能很好地控制出血并夹闭动脉瘤。     

颅内前循环动脉瘤显微手术治疗

目的探讨颅内前循环动脉瘤显微手术治疗的疗效。方法对76例颅内前循环动脉瘤破裂引起蛛网膜下腔出血患者术前全脑DSA;;血管造影定位,在早、中期使用显微技术手术治疗,应用GOS和B;;arthel指数术后评价。结果颅内前循环动脉瘤84个,显微手术夹闭75个,包裹7个,孤立2个,GOS评分恢复良好50例;中残,但生活自理11例;重残,生活需他人服侍9例;植物生存4例。B;;arthel指数>60分60例;60～41分8例;<40分4例。死亡4例。3天内手术48例患者术后评分与4～14d内手术28例患者,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在早、中期使用显微技术手术治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤可取得好的疗效。     

以脑内血肿或脑室出血为主要出血形态的颅内动脉瘤的诊疗

目的探讨脑内血肿或脑室出血为主要出血形态的颅内动脉瘤破裂的手术时机和方法,分析临床疗效。方法分析2006-01—2012-01在我科治疗的64例破裂颅内动脉瘤并脑内血肿或脑室出血患者的临床资料。所有患者术前均行CT检查及CTA或DSA检查。55例手术患者中,脑室出血3例,先行脑室外引流,后期行动脉瘤夹闭术,52例入院3d内急诊直视下夹闭动脉瘤并清除血肿,其中12例行脑室外引流;9例未行手术。结果按GOS评分,术后恢复良好30例,好转16例,死亡11例,转院治疗7例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿或脑室出血病死率高,急诊手术效果明显,可有效降低病死率,提高恢复等级。     

显微开颅夹闭术治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤的效果分析

目的探讨显微开颅夹闭术治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤的效果。方法选取2015-01-2016-06我院收治的120例颅内动脉瘤患者,均有明显的蛛网膜下腔出血,按照Hunt-Hess分级法划分为Ⅰ~Ⅳ级。患者24h、48h及72h不同时间显微开颅夹闭术治疗,每个时间点手术40例。术后半年随访调查,评估动脉瘤夹闭效果,并用GOS评分评估患者的预后情况,观察有无神经功能障碍加重现象。结果所有患者动脉瘤夹闭情况较好,无夹闭失败现象。应用GOS评分恢复良好108例(90.0%),轻度残疾7例(5.8%),重度残疾5例(4.2%)。24h、48h及72h内手术良好率分别为95.0%、92.5%、82.5%,无死亡。结论显微开颅夹闭术在颅内破裂动脉瘤中具有较好的应用效果,且手术治疗越快,预后效果越好。     

前循环颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的显微手术治疗

目的探讨前循环颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的显微手术治疗方法及临床效果。方法回顾性分析清远市人民医院神经外科收治的100例前循环脑动脉瘤破裂出血患者的影像学及手术资料,所有病例均行开颅显微手术夹闭动脉瘤治疗。结果预后按GOS评分分级:良好80例(80%);差13例(13%);死亡7例(7%)。死亡7例中4例为Hunt-HessⅣ级,3例Hunt-HessⅤ级。Ⅴ级存活2例中1例植物生存,1例生活部分自理;Ⅳ级存活23例中2例植物生存,2例生活部分自理,1例完全不能自理。结论采用开颅显微手术夹闭治疗前循环颅内动脉瘤破裂出血可获得满意疗效。对高度怀疑动脉瘤破裂的自发性脑内血肿术前3D-CTA检查可以明确出血原因并指导急诊开颅手术;已有脑疝形成,不具备行3D-CTA或DSA检查条件者,在开颅清除血肿术中对邻近血肿可疑动脉探查,可减少动脉瘤的漏诊率并改善患者的预后。     

颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤早期治疗策略

目的 探讨颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤早期治疗策略.方法 34例颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤患者,根据动脉瘤不同特点和患者情况,急诊或早期选择开颅显微手术夹闭动脉瘤或血管内介入弹簧圈栓塞术进行个性化治疗.结果 开颅显微手术夹闭动脉瘤12例,预后良好8例,预后良好率为66.7%,轻残2例,重残1例,植物状态1例,无死亡病例;血管内介入栓塞治疗22例,预后良好16例,预后良好率为72.7%,轻残3例,重残1例,植物状态1例,死亡1例,2组预后情况经统计学处理,P＞0.05,差异无统计学意义.结论 前循环破裂脑动脉瘤,根据不同情况个性化选择治疗方案,采取急诊或早期开颅显微夹闭术或血管内栓塞治疗,是提高良好预后率,降低病死率和致残率的重要措施.     

颅内前循环动脉瘤术中破裂出血原因及处理

目的探讨显微手术夹闭颅内前循环动脉瘤术中破裂出血的主要原因及处理。方法回顾分析61例颅内前循环动脉瘤采用显微外科手术下夹闭,术中12例发生动脉瘤破裂,对术中破裂的原因及处理方法进行分析。结果 12例破裂动脉瘤均成功夹闭。术后恢复良好11例,中度病残,但生活能自理1例。结论前循环动脉瘤术中破裂出血可发生在动脉瘤手术过程中的任何环节,显微手术技巧和采取正确有效的综合处理措施是手术成功的关键。     

显微手术治疗前循环动脉瘤

目的：探讨颅内前循环动脉瘤的手术时机和技术。方法：本组74例颅内前循环动脉瘤患者（其中急性出血66例）共82枚动脉瘤。使用Hunt ＆ Hess分级法进行术前临床评价，采用翼点、半球间和眶上锁孔入路进行动脉瘤夹闭。早期（急性出血3d内）夹闭动脉瘤41例，其他行延迟手术。结果：良好60例，轻残2例，重残2例，死亡10例。结论：除术前Ⅳ和Ⅴ级病例主张延期手术外，颅内动脉瘤破裂后应积极争取早期手术夹闭。正确的手术方案和熟练的显微操作技术是颅内动脉瘤手术成功的关键。     

Patients with Supratentorial Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage During the Intermediate Period: Waiting or Actively Treating

Perhaps the most difficult practical decision for neurosurgeons these days is whether to secure aneurysms during the intermediate period (4–10 days) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We reviewed retrospectively a series of 115 patients with a Hunt–Hess grade I–III upon admission who were admitted 4–10 days after initial supratentorial aneurysmal SAH. Patients who underwent active treatment in the intermediate period were assigned to the intermediate group (n = 49), while those who accepted delayed obliteration of a ruptured aneurysm (11–30 days) were assigned to the late group (n = 66). The demographic characteristics, size and site of aneurysms, and clinical conditions were well balanced in the two groups. There was no difference in outcome between the two groups according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge or a 6-month follow-up. Rebleeding before aneurysms obliteration was the leading factor resulting in poor outcome. In conclusion, for patients with supratentorial aneurysmal SAH who were in good clinical condition upon admission, active treatment during the intermediate period offered a good chance for a favorable outcome. An even larger number of patients from randomized clinical trials might be necessary to draw more reliable conclusions.     

Patients with Supratentorial Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage During the Intermediate Period: Waiting or Actively Treating

Perhaps the most difficult practical decision for neurosurgeons these days is whether to secure aneurysms during the intermediate period (4–10 days) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We retrospectively reviewed a series of 115 patients with a Hunt-Hess grade I-III upon admission who were admitted 4–10 days after initial supratentorial aneurysmal SAH. Patients who underwent active treatment in the intermediate period were assigned to the intermediate group (n = 49) while those who accepted delayed obliteration of a ruptured aneurysm (11–30 days) were assigned to the late group (n = 66). The demographic characteristics, size and site of aneurysms, and clinical conditions were well balanced in the two groups. There was no difference in outcome between the two groups according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge or a six-month follow-up. Rebleeding before aneurysms obliteration was the leading factor resulting in poor outcome. In conclusion, for patients with supratentorial aneurysmal SAH who were in good clinical condition upon admission, active treatment during the intermediate period offered a good chance of a favorable outcome. An even larger number of patients from randomized clinical trials might be necessary to draw more reliable conclusions.     

血清炎性细胞因子水平与高龄颅内大血管急性闭塞型脑梗死患者支架联合抽吸取栓术后mRS,NIHSS评分的关系及联合检测的意义

目的 探讨血清炎性细胞因子水平与高龄颅内大血管急性闭塞型脑梗死患者支架联合抽吸取栓术后改良的Rankin量表(Modified rankin scale,mRS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分的关系及联合检测的意义。方法 选取2019年1月-2022年2月80例高龄颅内大血管急性闭塞型脑梗死患者,根据术后3个月mRS评分分为病情转归良好组(52例,mRS评分0～3分)、不良组(28例,mRS评分4～6分),比较2组基线资料、术前和术后3个月mRS,NIHSS评分、围手术期血清炎性细胞因子[白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白介素-17(IL-17)、白介素-23(IL-23)]水平,应用Pearson分析围手术期血清炎性细胞因子水平与mRS,NIHSS评分的关系,应用受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析围手术期血清炎性细胞因子水平预测患者病情转归的价值。结果 病情转归不良组术后3个月mRS评分、NIHSS评分高于病情转归良好组(P<0.05); 病情转归不良组术后第7、14 d血清IL-6,IL-17,IL-23水平高于病情转归良好组(P<0.05); 术后第7、14 d血清IL-6,IL-17,IL-23水平与mRS,NIHSS评分呈正相关(r均≥0.659,P<0.05); 术后第14 d血清IL-6,IL-17,IL-23水平的ROC曲线下面积(Area under the curve,AUC)(0.828、0.808、0.841)高于术后第7 d(0.814、0.712、0.766),术后第7、14 d血清IL-6,IL-17联合IL-23水平的AUC分别为0.909、0.947。结论 血清IL-6,IL-17,IL-23水平与高龄颅内大血管急性闭塞型脑梗死患者支架联合抽吸取栓术后神经功能缺损程度、病情转归有关,联合检测能为临床预测病情转归提供参考,从而对临床治疗决策作出指导,提高对患者的救治水平。     

Long-term outcomes,including the survival rate and period to death,in patients over 80 years old after ruptured cerebral aneurysm clipping

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the long-term outcomes, including the survival rate, period to death, causes of death, and predictors of poor outcomes, in patients aged over 80 years who underwent surgical clipping for a ruptured anterior circulation aneurysm.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, the medical records of patients from April 1, 1994, to June 30, 2019, were evaluated. All patients underwent surgical clipping within 72 h of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) onset. Information on the patient, SAH, and outcomes were collected.ResultsThe mean hospitalization and long-term follow-up periods for all patients were 54.5 days and 53.3 months, respectively. The period to death was significantly shorter in patients with modified Rankin scale (mRS) of 4–5 than for those with an mRS of 0–3 at discharge (p=0.001). The Kaplan–Meier method using the log-rank test demonstrated that patients with an mRS of 4–5 at discharge had a significantly lower survival rate compared to those with an mRS of 0–3 at discharge (p<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that the proportion of patients with Hunt and Hess grade and presence of surgical complications were significantly larger in the group with an mRS of 4–5 than in that with an mRS of 0–3 at discharge (p=0.0013 and 0.011, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that presence of surgical complications was the only independent predictor of poor outcomes (p=0.043, odds ratio [OR] 7.937, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.061–59.38). The Kaplan-Meier method using the log-rank test demonstrated that patients with surgical complications had a significantly lower survival rate compared to those with no surgical complications (p<0.05).ConclusionsEspecially in patients aged over 80 years, those with H-H grade 2 and a good clinical condition can be candidates for surgical clipping, whereas avoiding surgical complications is essential for achieving good outcomes.     

颅内破裂微小动脉瘤血管内治疗的安全性和有效性

目的探讨颅内破裂微小动脉瘤血管内治疗的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年12月收治的53例颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的临床及随访资料,均采用血管内治疗。结果动脉瘤最大直径平均(2.19±0.55)mm。单纯弹簧圈栓塞27例,球囊辅助栓塞2例,支架辅助栓塞24例;术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤致密栓塞24例(45.3%),瘤颈残留16例(30.2%),瘤体显影13例(24.5%)。共3例(5.7%)发生围术期并发症,其中1例(1.9%)为术中破裂,1例(1.9%)为术中血栓形成,1例(1.9%)为术后早期再出血。39例影像学随访3·13个月,平均平均(6.1±2.4)个月,动脉瘤不显影32例(82.1%);稳定3例(7.7%);复发4例(10.3%),均再治疗。51例临床随访6~28个月,平均(14.9±6.6)个月,改良Rankin量表评分0~2分50例(98.0%),3分1例(2.0%)。结论对于颅内破裂微小动脉瘤,血管内治疗具有较高的围手术期安全性,以及较高的短期治愈率和临床预后良好率。     

血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至2021年4月行Pipeline Flex血流导向装置治疗的53例（68个动脉瘤）的颅内动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 53例68个动脉瘤,共置入60枚PED,技术成功率为100%。40例54个动脉瘤单纯应用PED治疗,术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤内造影剂明显滞留48个,无明显滞留6个;13例（14个动脉瘤）联合应用PED和弹簧圈栓塞,术后即刻造影均致密栓塞。围手术期总并发症发生率为7.5%（4/53）。53例临床随访6~28个月（中位数12个月）;末次随访时,47例未破裂动脉瘤预后良好（mRS评分≤2分）;6例破裂动脉瘤中,预后良好2例,mRS评分3分1例,4分1例,死亡2例。46例DSA随访4~8个月（中位数6个月）,动脉瘤完全闭塞率为67.9%。22例（28个动脉瘤）DSA随访9~18个月（中位数12个月）,动脉瘤完全闭塞率为85.7%,无动脉瘤复发。结论 血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤总体安全、有效,但对颅内破裂动脉瘤的安全性仍需进一步研究。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤血管内介入治疗时机的选择及其对病人预后的影响

目的 探讨颅内破裂动脉瘤血管内介入治疗时机的选择及其对病人预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年6月血管内介入治疗的149例颅内破裂动脉瘤的临床资料。手术时机分为早期手术（≤72 h）和晚期手术（>72 h）。术后随访6个月,采用改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分评估预后,其中0～2分为预后良好,3～6分为预后不良。结果 术后6个月,110例（73.8%）预后良好;39例（26.2%）预后不良,其中死亡12例。本文149例中,早期手术96例,晚期手术53例。早期手术预后良好率（82.3%,79/96）明显高于晚期手术（55.4%,31/56;P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,晚期手术是颅内破裂动脉瘤预后不良的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 对于颅内破裂动脉瘤,早期手术可改善病人的预后。     

破裂性微小动脉瘤的治疗

目的探讨破裂性微小动脉瘤的治疗策略。方法回顾性分析162例微小动脉瘤(≤4mm)的临床资料,采用显微外科手术治疗(简称显外组)85例,其中动脉瘤夹闭术79例,动脉瘤肌肉包裹术6例;采用血管内栓塞治疗(简称介入组)77例,其中单纯弹簧圈栓塞67例,支架辅助7例,球囊辅助3例。同时行开颅血肿清除、减压术5例。并对所有病例进行术后1年改良RANKIN量表(mRS)评估和分析预后。结果显外组:术后2～3周复查DSA42例,其中瘤颈残留2例,余43例未行DSA复查;介入组:完全栓塞50例,次全栓塞20例,部分栓塞7例。显外组和介入组围手术期并发症分别为:出血性事件2例和6例,缺血性事件7例和2例,颅内感染3例和1例,癫疒间3例和0例。术后1年mRS量表评分,显外组和介入组的预后良好率(mRS0～2分)分别是89.6%和92.9%(P0.05),本组所有病人入院时Hunt-Hess分级与1年mRS生活质量评分相关(rs=0.404,P0.001)。结论血管内栓塞治疗是破裂性微小动脉瘤安全而有效的治疗方法;与显微外科手术相比,术后1年临床随访结果相似。     

Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 12 at Admission is a Predictor of Poor Functional Outcome (mRS 2–6) at One Year in Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

ObjectiveTo determine factors at hospitalization of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) which determine outcome at one year.MethodsThis was an ambispective study with outcome at one year follow up. Patients angiographically proven as CVT were included in study and functional modified Rankin Scale (mRS) determined at one year. They were dichotomized into “good” outcome (mRS 0–1) and “poor” outcome (mRS 2–6). Variables at admission were compared on univariate and then by cox proportional hazard regression for significance. Complications during follow up period were also compared.ResultsOne hundred and seventy five patients were included, data of 71 was collected prospectively. One hundred and seventeen (66.9%) had “good” outcome while 58 (33.1%) had “poor” outcome. Univariate analysis showed poor outcome associated with age < 30 years, female sex, focal deficit, GCS ≤ 12, ≥3 sinuses involved and intracerebral haemorrhage. On Cox proportional hazard regression only GCS ≤ 12 was significant. Around 96% had complete/ partial recanalization at 6 months. Over one year, the complications included dural AV fistula in 10 (5.7%), intracranial hypertension in 4 (2.3%), venous thromboembolism in 6 (3.4%) and arterial infarct in 4 (2.3%). Proportions with complications in each group were similar. At one year 41 patients (25.2%) were continued on anticoagulation and 97 (55.2%) on antiepileptic drugs. Proportion in each group were similar.ConclusionIn patients with CVT, GCS ≤ 12 at admission was a predictor of poor functional outcome (mRS 2–6) at one year. During this period, complications were few and similar in the both the groups.