急性百草枯中毒多器官功能障碍综合征病人内皮素的变化及意义

目的探讨内皮素(ET)与急性百草枯中毒(APP)后多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的关系及临床价值.方法应用放射免疫技术测定24例APP后MODS病人与19名健康人血浆ET水平,分析APP后MODS病人血浆ET水平与急性生理学和慢性健康状况(APACHE Ⅱ)评分、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、心脏肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、血清酶学、血生化等指标的关系.结果APP后MODS病人血浆ET水平较正常对照组明显升高(P＜0.01),而死亡组血浆ET水平明显高于非死亡组(P＜0.01).血浆ET含量与APACHE Ⅱ评分,cTnI,肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)呈正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),与PaO2呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).结论ET参与了APP后MODS的发病过程,血浆ET含量水平可作为APP后MODS病人多器官功能损害程度的评估、指导治疗与预后判断的临床指标之一.     

急性有机磷中毒患者和肽素的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)患者血浆和肽素(Copeptin)的变化及其临床意义.方法:将90例AOPP患者根据临床表现和血清胆碱酯酶(AChE)水平分成轻度、中度、重度中毒组3组,另选取30例健康人为正常对照组,各组均采用ELISA法检测血浆Copeptin含量.对比分析AOPP后患者血浆Copeptin水平与APACHEⅡ评分、血胆碱酯酶(AChE、心肌酶谱、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、血生化等指标的关系.结果:随着中毒程度的加重,Copeptin水平逐步增高,组间比较差异有统计学意义,且与正常对照组比较均有统计学差异(P＜0.05);死亡组患者血浆copeptin水平数倍高于非死亡组,差异显著(26.43±3.65VS7.28±1.53,P＜0.01).重度组有机磷中毒患者APACHEⅡ评分高于轻度、中度组(P＜0.05),但中度组和轻度组之间无统计学差异:死亡组APACHEⅡ评分明显高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(24.32±4.63VS9.56±3.27,P＜0.01).血浆Copeptin水平与APACHEⅡ评分、cTnI、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)呈正相关(P＜ 0.01或0.05);与AChE呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).结论:随着AOPP中毒程度的加重,血浆Copeptin含量逐渐上升,血浆Copeptin的检测可作为判断AOPP患者病情轻重、治疗效果及预后的参考指标.     

内皮素与急性百草枯农药中毒后多器官功能障碍综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨内皮素(ET)与急性百草枯中毒(APP)后多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的关系及临床价值。方法应用放射免疫技术测定24例APP伴MODS患者与19名健康人血浆ET水平,分析APP后MODS患者血浆ET水平和急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、血清酶学、血生化等指标的关系。结果APP伴MODS患者血浆ET水平较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.01),而死亡组血浆ET水平明显高于存活组(P<0.01)。血浆ET含量与APACHEⅡ评分、cTnI、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与PaO2呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。结论ET参与了APP后MODS的发病过程,且与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关;血浆ET含量水平可作为APP后MODS患者多器官功能损害程度的评估、指导治疗与预后判断的临床指标之一。     

全身炎症反应综合征患者核因子-κB活性与预后的关系

目的　观察全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)患者核因子 κB (NF κB)的活性、白介素 6 (IL 6 )水平及急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ )的变化 ,探讨NF κB活性与SIRS患者病情及预后的关系。方法　将 35名SIRS患者按MODS的诊断标准和疾病的转归分别分成多器官功能障碍综合征组 (MODS组 )和非MODS组 ,存活组和死亡组 ;选择健康体检者 2 0例作为对照组。检测外周血单个核细胞NF κB的活性及血浆IL - 6水平 ,并进行APACHEⅡ评分。结果　SIRS患者的NF κB活性和IL 6水平明显高于对照组 (P<0 0 1) ;NF κB活性 ,IL 6水平和APACHEⅡ评分在MODS组和死亡组分别明显高于非MODS组和存活组(P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;NF -κB活性与IL - 6水平及APACHEⅡ评分均呈明显正相关 (r =0 75 4 ,r =0 737,P <0 0 1) ;IL - 6水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈明显正相关 (r=0 6 35 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　NF -κB活性与SIRS患者的病情及预后密切相关     

B型尿钠肽与肌钙蛋白I联合检测对严重脓毒症患者预后的临床研究

目的探讨严重脓毒症患者血肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、B型尿钠肽(BNP)值的变化及其与预后的关系。方法检测43例严重脓毒症患者入院24h内血cTnI、BNP值,并进行急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分。按照患者的预后结局分为生存组和死亡组,比较两组cTnI、BNP值与APACHEⅡ评分的差异。用ROC曲线评价血cTnI、BNP水平变化对预后的诊断价值。结果死亡组cTnI、BNP、APACHEⅡ评分明显高于生存组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=-6.20、-5.31、-8.88,P均<0.05);cTnI、BNP及APACHEⅡ相互之间呈正相关(r分别=0.55、0.64、0.45,P均<0.05);入院24h内血cTnI水平1.75ng/ml和血BNP水平709.50pg/ml为最佳诊断临界点。结论血cTnI与BNP联合检测可以作为一种常规临床检测指标来判断严重脓毒症患者的预后。     

中重度急性有机磷中毒LPS、TNF的变化及与MODS的相关研究

目的　探讨血浆内毒素 (LPS)及肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)在中重度急性有机磷中毒 (AOPP)后多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)发生发展中的作用、机制及其临床意义。方法　应用动态浊度法及放射免疫法动态监测 46例中重度AOPP患者血浆LPS和TNF水平的变化 ,比较MODS组、非MODS组及正常对照组LPS及TNF的变化。结果　 46例患者血浆LPS及TNF水平均明显升高 ,较正常对照组差异非常显著 (P均 <0 0 1) ,且血浆高水平持续较长时间 ,MODS组升高的峰值较非MODS组更显著 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1)。结论　中重度AOPP的早期即可有内毒素血症的发生 ,内毒素可能是导致炎性介质产生和释放的重要机制 ,是有机磷中毒机制的重要组成之一。血浆LPS与TNF的高水平可能参与了中重度AOPP后MODS的发病过程     

尿毒症及透析后高血压与血浆内皮素水平的关系

目的 :探讨尿毒症及透析后血浆内皮素 (ET)水平与高血压的关系。方法 :用放射免疫法测定 4 5例不同阶段尿毒症患者血浆内皮素水平 ,并对各组间及伴或不伴高血压比较。结果 :尿毒症患者血浆ET水平均不同程度升高 ,与对照组 (38 4± 7 3)比较有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。透析后 3月时血ET水平 (74 3± 5 8)高于 1月及 6月组 ,透后 1、 6月与尿毒症非透析组比较亦有差异 (P <0 0 5 )。对伴或不伴高血压尿毒症血浆ET进行比较 ,尿毒症伴有高血压时ET明显升高 (6 7 4± 12 6 ) ,而不伴高血压组为 4 9 2± 8 4 ,两组比较P <0 0 1。结论 :尿毒症患者血ET升高与尿毒症伴高血压和透析后血压升高密切相关 ,阻断ET作用或降低ET水平可能对尿毒症及透析相关高血压治疗有益     

早期心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ及乳酸水平联合检测对急诊老年严重脓毒症及脓毒症休克患者预后的评估价值

目的研究早期血浆心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)及动脉血乳酸水平联合检测对老年严重脓毒症及脓毒性休克患者病情和预后的评估价值。方法收集急诊老年严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克患者98例。随访28 d,根据患者预后分为死亡组和存活组,比较死亡组和存活组cTnI、乳酸、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分。比较脓毒性休克和严重脓毒症组的cTnI、乳酸、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分。进行cTnI,乳酸与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分的相关性分析。结果脓毒性休克组患者cTnI、乳酸、APACHEⅡ评分和SOFA评分大于严重脓毒症组,死亡组cTnI和乳酸均大于存活组(P0.05)。cTnI、乳酸水平与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分具有显著相关性(P0.05),cTnI、乳酸预测死亡ROC曲线下面积分别为0.846、0.809(P0.05)。结论 cTnI和动脉血乳酸联合检测对急诊老年严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克患者的病情和预后具有重要的评估价值。     

多器官功能不全综合征患者凝血功能的变化及临床意义

目的　研究多器官功能不全综合征 (MODS)患者凝血功能的变化 ,并对其临床意义进行探讨。方法　 4 7例MODS患者被列为观察对象 ,其中 15例符合DIC诊断标准。测定血浆抗凝血酶 -Ⅲ (AT -Ⅲ )、凝血酶原时间 (PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT)、纤维蛋白原 (Fg)、D -二聚体和血小板计数 (Plt) ,同时计算患者的急性生理和慢性健康评分 (APACHEⅡ )。 2 0例健康体检者为正常对照。结果　MODS组血浆AT -Ⅲ和D -二聚体与正常对照组有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;DIC组与非DIC组之间无明显差异。MODS组血浆PT、APTT和Fg与对照组无显著差异 ,Plt则有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;DIC组与非DIC组比较 ,PT、APTT、Fg和Plt有差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。MODS患者血浆AT -Ⅲ与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关 ,相关系数r= - 0 .782 ,P <0 .0 1。结论　AT -Ⅲ在MODS的发病过程中起着重要的作用 ;血浆AT -Ⅲ水平是反映MODS患者预后的指标 ;血浆AT -Ⅲ和D -二聚体水平不能作为MODS患者是否合并DIC的实验室指标。     

有机磷中毒血浆内皮素水平与乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的关系

目的:通过观测正常人和有机磷中毒患者(AOPP)血浆内皮索(ET)和全血乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的水平,探讨ET在AOPP发病过程中的变化及意义。方法:用放射免疫法测定血浆ET,用Eliman法测定全血AChE活性。结果:ET轻度组与对照组比较无显著变化(P>0.05),中度和重度组与对照组相比较,均有显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),AChE在轻、中、重度组均有显著降低(P<0.01),中度组及重度组ET与AChE之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.61 7,P<0.05,r=-0.692,P<0.01)。结论;AOPP患者血浆ET含量的变化与中毒程度有关,可作为判断预后和中毒程度的指标。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.