多种皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损

目的评价不同皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的效果,探讨小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的理想修复方法。方法 2002年6月-2010年1月,应用15种皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复128例(138处)小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损。其中小腿中上段21处,小腿中下段45处,内外踝及足跟部43处,足背及前足29处。主要应用最多的皮瓣有腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣、腓肠肌内外侧头肌皮瓣、腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣和足底内侧皮瓣。修复软组织缺损范围5 cm×4 cm～23 cm×14 cm。结果术后135处创面Ⅰ期愈合,皮瓣完全成活;2处皮瓣部分坏死,经二次手术植皮修复;1例游离股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿中下段软组织缺损,皮瓣完全坏死,后改取对侧腓肠神经营养血管交腿皮瓣修复成活。腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣应用例数最多,成活率高,吻合血管的游离皮瓣坏死率较高。术后患者均获随访1～10年,平均23个月,皮瓣均成活良好,无溃疡、渗液等。结论正确认识并选择皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损可提高皮瓣成活率,恢复肢体良好功能,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣是一种修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣在修复小腿及足踝部软组织感染缺损中的应用

目的探讨腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣逆行转位修复小腿下段及足踝部软组织感染缺损的应用。方法选取2006年6月至2011年6月32例小腿中下段及足踝部软组织缺损或骨缺损、骨髓炎患者,采用逆行腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣转移方法进行手术修复。结果 32例中29例皮瓣成活,3例皮瓣部分坏死,后经换药愈合。随访6～12个月,平均10个月,有3例皮瓣臃肿,行皮瓣修整,余皮瓣质地优良,外形满意,颜色接近正常,患者对皮瓣外形及治疗效果满意。供皮区植皮全部成活,外观满意。结论腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣是修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损及感染的一种有效可行的方法。     

小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

目的总结小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复下肢远端皮肤缺损的经验。方法采用腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣、隐神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣、隐神经营养血管逆行交腿皮瓣修复小腿中下段及足跟与足踝部深度创面 2 3例 2 5处。结果除 1例腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣远端 1/3坏死 ,行二期手术修复外 ,其余 2 4个皮瓣均完全成活。结论小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣可以多种形式转移 ,是修复小腿中下段及足跟与足踝部深度创面的理想皮瓣     

改良腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的:探讨改良腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣在修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损中的疗效. 方法:我院2002年3月～2008年5月应用改良腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损39例.切取的皮瓣面积应大于创面15%,将皮瓣旋转点改为外踝上0～7 cm任意一点处,根据创面大小及最远端距离调整旋转点位置,筋膜蒂宽度在5 cm左右,将蒂部保留1 cm左右宽的皮条采用明道转移修复创面,术中创面彻底清创,防止坏死组织继发感染影响皮瓣成活.结果:术后39例皮瓣全部成活,其中4例皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,经换药后2期愈合. 结论:改良腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣切取简单,成活率高,是修复足踝部较大面积皮肤缺损的一种理想术式.     

腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损

目的：探讨用腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复同侧小腿中下段及足踝部软组织缺损。方法：用腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复同侧小腿中下段及足踝部软组织缺损、骨与肌腱外露19例，其中，3便将小隐静脉与受区静脉吻合。结果：除1例未吻合小隐静脉之皮瓣部分坏死外，其余皮瓣均存活。结论：腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣是修复小腿中下段及足踝部软组织缺损较为理想的方法，具推广价值。     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣逆行修复足踝部软组织缺损59例分析

目的：探讨应用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣逆行修复足踝部软组织缺损的手术方法及临床效果。方法：应用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣逆行修复足踝部软组织缺损59例,切取皮瓣面积最大30 cm×18 cm,最小8 cm×6 cm。结果：术后皮瓣全部成活,5例皮缘坏死,换药愈合。随访8个月~3 a,皮瓣外形满意,功能良好。结论：腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣切取简单,成活率高,是修复足踝部软组织缺损的有效方法。     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损

目的观察腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 2014年1月至2016年10月,采用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损31例。缺损面积:4 cm×6 cm~8 cm×12 cm。缺损部位:小腿中下部19例,足跟7例,内踝3例,外踝2例。31例均合并骨、关节、肌腱外露,6例合并感染。均采用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复,行急诊手术4例,择期手术27例。结果 28例皮瓣成活,3例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经对症处理后均成活。31例患者随访平均13.5个月,皮瓣质地良好,外观理想,感染控制,无一复发,下肢行走、负重均正常。结论腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣解剖简单、质地优良、厚薄均匀且血供可靠,不用牺牲知名血管,手术成功率高,外观与功能恢复满意,是修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的推荐方法。     

改良腓肠神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的:探讨改良腓肠神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣的临床效果。方法:小腿下段及足踝部软组织缺损患者121例,行改良腓肠神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复,皮瓣面积5cm×4cm～14cm×10cm。结果:皮瓣全部存活,经游离植皮后创面愈合,所有软组织缺损均修复,骨骼、肌腱外露均覆盖。随访5个月～2年,皮瓣质地优良,外观及功能满意。结论:改良腓肠神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣血运可靠,手术操作及设计简便,不损伤小腿的主要血管,可理想修复足跟、内外踝、跟腱区和小腿下1/3软组织缺损。     

应用带腓肠神经营养血管蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣修复小腿、足踝部及足背软组织缺损

目的:探讨带腓肠神经营养血管蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣修复小腿、足踝部及足背软组织缺损的方法。方法:对19例小腿、足踝部及足背软组织缺损患者,采用带腓肠神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣逆行转位修复。皮瓣面积最大为14cm×8cm,最小为5cm×1.5cm。结果:19例皮瓣全部成活,经10～12个月随访,效果满意。结论:带腓肠神经营养血管蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣手术操作简单迅速,皮瓣切取简便,血供可靠,移植成活率高,为临床治疗较困难的小腿、足踝部软组织缺损,提供了一个较为可靠的方法。     

腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用19例分析

目的应用腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复小腿下段及足踝部软组织损伤的临床效果。方法应用腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复同侧小腿下段及足踝部软组织损伤19例,皮瓣面积最大15 cm×13cm,最大5 cm×4 cm,其中将小隐静脉与受区静脉吻合9例,未吻合但在蒂部结扎6例,未吻合也未结扎4例。结果大部分皮瓣成活,小隐静脉吻合者皮瓣全部成活,未吻合但在其蒂部结扎者部分坏死1例,未吻合也未结扎者均短期内肿胀淤血且大部分坏死1例。结论腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复同侧小腿下段及足踝部软组织缺损的可靠方法,术中若能将小隐静脉与修复区静脉吻合其效果更佳。     

Cross finger flaps.

Proper fingertip reconstruction requires good skin and soft tissue coverage, preservation of function and as normal an appearance as possible. The cross finger flap results in negligible joint stiffness, minimal morbidity and little work-time loss. An important factor is the conservation of finger length permitted by this technique. This method of repair is underutilized. It is indicated in several types of fingertip amputations where bone shortening would be detrimental.     

Regional fasciocutaneous flaps for the burned axilla

The conventional approach for secondary correction of unstable axillary scars or contractures with skin grafting commonly risks failure of adherence and early recurrence of the problem, even in highly motivated patients. Potential early mobilization and the avoidance of postoperative splinting may be advantages of reconstruction with vascularized tissues instead. The local fasciocutaneous flap is advocated as a simple, rapidly elevated, single-staged option that preserves function while correcting these deformities. Although the dorsal thoracic fascial flaps are the most versatile in the axillary region, if they are unavailable or unsuitable, other unspecified but equally robust alternatives from the upper arm or anterolateral chest are similarly efficacious.     

Commitment to function: microsurgical flaps

Microsurgical procedures facilitate the optimal function of patients and provide for an enhanced quality of life. The contribution of this procedure to the eventual positive outcome of multiple patient populations is clear. Therefore, competence in the care of this emerging patient population is essential for the plastic surgical nurse. This article has outlined the history of free flaps, flap anatomy and physiology, evaluation of flap vascularity, and postoperative nursing care. Further work needs to be performed in order to definitively describe nursing and medical interventions, delineate effective wound management techniques, and develop monitoring devices that will augment the success of the free flap procedure.     

40例管状皮瓣修复手部创面的皮瓣训练方法和护理

为了提高管状皮瓣的成活率和良好的功能与外观,对40例手部创伤患者采取管状皮瓣修复,对管状皮瓣采取3种训练方法:肠钳夹持法、橡皮管阻断法、提拉训练法。经过7～10d的训练,皮瓣断蒂后血液循环良好,成活率明显提高。皮瓣训练可有效地阻断皮瓣蒂部血液循环,促进皮瓣形成独立的毛细血管网,保证了皮瓣断蒂后的成活率和良好的功能与外观。     

Local random fasciocutaneous flaps for repair of the burned elbow

Wound management of the burned elbow is not always possible with a skin graft alone. Rather than resort to distant pedicle flaps or the complexity of microsurgical tissue transfers, local fasciocutaneous flaps may provide a better source for vascularized tissue. "Random" fasciocutaneous flaps do not require isolation of any discrete vessel, but must be designed to parallel the longitudinal axis of perifascial circulation in the upper extremity. Therefore no vessel in the major extremity need ever be violated, and muscle function is always preserved. Excision-to-fascia techniques for burn escharectomy should probably be minimized in the elbow region, because if the fascia remains intact, the overlying skin-grafted subcutaneous fat will survive flap transposition as a fasciocutaneous flap. Local flaps allow for earlier rehabilitation, and the donor defect is restricted to the already deformed ipsilateral extremity.     

The veno-arteriolar reflex in free skin flaps

Summary. The veno-arteriolar reflex was measured in 10 subjects in whom an area of denervated skin was present in the lower limb following free flap transfer of skin and subcutaneous tissue 3 weeks to 2 years previously. The vasoconstrictor response to dependency was measured in the skin of the flap, in adjacent innervated skin and after chemical dilatation of cutaneous vessels in the skin of the flap. This veno-arteriolar reflex resulting in a reduction of blood flow of 30–40% was present and equal in both normal and denervated skin. The response was abolished by chemical vasodilatation. The results indicate that sympathetic innervation is not essential for the venoarteriolar reflex, and suggest that myogenic mechanisms may be more important than previously believed.