Homeobox B5 suppression attenuates proliferation and elevates apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines through ERK/MDM2 signalling

Homeobox B5 (HOXB5), a member of the HOX gene family, is an important gene in tumourigenesis. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation and apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role and regulation mechanism of HOXB5 in HCC cell lines Hep3B and LM6. The data indicated high expression of HOXB5 in HCC tissues and cell lines. In HCC cells, inhibition of HOXB5 by transfection with HOXB5 siRNA significantly constrained cell viability, and Bcl-2 levels, and it increased cell apoptosis, cytochrome c levels, BAX levels, and caspase-3 activity. On the contrary, HOXB5 overexpression increased proliferation and Bcl-2 levels but inhibited BAX levels and caspase-3 activity in these cells. HOXB5 downregulation attenuated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and expression of the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene. Incubation with the ERK activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (40 μmol/L), for 12 hours reversed the effects of HOXB5 inhibition on MDM2 expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in HCC cells. Overall, this study demonstrated that HOXB5 inhibition regulated MDM2 expression by controlling ERK activation and that it modulated proliferation and apoptosis in HCC cells.     

虎杖苷通过蛋白激酶 B信号通路影响胃癌细胞增殖凋亡

目的 研究虎杖苷对胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖和凋亡的影响和机制.方法 虎杖苷处理胃癌细胞SGC-7901,MTT法检测增殖,平板克隆实验检测克隆形成能力,碘化丙啶(PI)单染法检测细胞周期分布,膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶(Annexin V-FITC/PI)双染法检测细胞凋亡,蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(CDK4)、Bcl-2相关X(Bax)、剪切型胱天蛋白酶-3(Cleaved-caspase-3)、磷酸化-蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)蛋白表达.用蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号激活剂和虎杖苷联合处理胃癌细胞SGC-7901,检测细胞增殖、克隆、周期、凋亡变化.结果 虎杖苷处理以后的胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖能力下降[(0.58±0.06)比(0.20±0.01)],细胞克隆形成数目减少[(118.54±10.65)个比(69.52±7.91)个],细胞凋亡增多[(2.97±0.32)％比(17.45±1.69)％],细胞G0/G1比例升高[(50.47±3.25)％比(67.13±3.84)％],cyclin D1、CDK4蛋白表达减少,Bax、Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白表达水平升高,p-Akt蛋白水平降低[(0.51±0.05)比(0.24±0.03)].Akt信号激活剂处理可以逆转虎杖苷对胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖、克隆抑制和周期阻滞、凋亡促进作用.结论 虎杖苷通过抑制Akt信号通路阻碍胃癌细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡.     

熊去氧胆酸选择性诱导人肝肿瘤细胞凋亡及抑制增殖的实验研究

目的探讨熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)对肝肿瘤细胞株诱导凋亡及抑制增殖的作用和机制。方法用四氮唑蓝法、流式细胞术、脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法、Wright-Giemsa染色法、电镜及免疫细胞化学等方法,观察UDCA对肝肿瘤细胞株HepG2、BEL7402和正常人肝细胞株L-02的生长活力、细胞凋亡、细胞周期及Bax/bcl-2基因表达的影响。结果UDCA对HepG2、BEL7402细胞株具有显著地抑制生长、诱导凋亡、阻滞细胞周期于S期、降低bcl-2和提升Bax表达的作用。UDCA对HepG2及BEL7402的IC50分别为0.92,0.86mmol/L。UDCA(1.0mmol/L)对HepG2及BEL7402的凋亡率分别为42%及44%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。UDCA对L-02细胞无明显作用。结论UDCA对HepG2、BEL7402细胞株有显著地抑制增殖及诱导凋亡作用,该作用可能与UDCA阻滞细胞周期、降低bcl-2和提升Bax的表达有关。     

姜黄素与甘草次酸联用对肝癌HepG-2细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的 研究姜黄素与甘草次酸单独、联合用药对肝癌细胞HepG-2增殖的抑制作用,探讨姜黄与甘草配伍的合理性和科学性。方法 不同浓度姜黄素（10.00、5.00、2.50、1.25 μg/mL）、甘草次酸（20.0、10.0、5.0、2.5 μg/mL）及两者对应浓度联合应用处理肝癌HepG-2细胞不同时间后（8、16、24 h）,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖抑制率;姜黄素5 μg/mL、甘草次酸10 μg/mL及两者联合应用处理HepG-2细胞24 h后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡及细胞周期变化情况。结果 姜黄素、甘草次酸及联合用药对HepG-2细胞增殖均具有抑制作用,呈剂量相关性和时间相关性,且两药联合呈现相加或增强的作用;姜黄素、甘草次酸均能诱导HepG-2细胞凋亡,联合用药后诱导凋亡作用更强;姜黄素、甘草次酸及联合用药对HepG-2细胞均具有G2期阻滞作用。结论 联合用药具有比单用姜黄素或甘草次酸更强的抑制HepG-2细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡作用,姜黄与甘草配伍具有合理性和科学性。     

Mouse hepatoma cell lines differing in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated signaling have different activities for glucuronidation

For studies on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent toxicity of the mycotoxins alternariol (AOH) and alternariol methyl ether (AME), three mouse hepatoma (Hepa-1) cell lines with intact and with compromised AhR signaling were compared with respect to their activities for hydroxylation, methylation, and glucuronidation. Whereas the activities of cytochrome P450-mediated monooxygenase and catechol-O-methyl transferase were very low and did not differ between the three cell lines, a pronounced difference was observed for UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity, which was much higher in Hepa-1c1c4 than in c1c7 and c1c12 cells. In all three cell types, the rate of glucuronidation of AOH was about four times higher than that of AME. Whereas AME caused a concentration-dependent G2/M arrest in each cell line, AOH arrested Hepa-1c1c7 and c1c12 cells but not c1c4 cells. However, Hepa-1c1c4 cells were arrested by AOH when β-glucuronidase was added to the incubation medium in order to reverse the formation of AOH glucuronides. We conclude that the failure of AOH to cause cell cycle inhibition in Hepa-1c1c4 cells is due to its efficient glucuronidation. The considerable UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity of Hepa-1c1c4 cells should be taken into account when other compounds are studied in this cell line. Moreover, we demonstrate that differences in glucuronide formation between cell types can be overcome by the addition of β-glucuronidase to the cell culture medium.     

电磁场对肝癌细胞凋亡基因表达的影响

目的 研究电磁场对肝癌细胞凋亡基因表达的影响,探索电磁场在治疗原发性肝癌(肝癌)中的作用.方法 通过基因芯片技术检测经电磁场处理过的肝癌细胞系BEL-7402和胎肝细胞(I.-02)的凋亡基因表达情况,分析其凋亡基闪表达谱筹异.结果 在检测的54 614个探针组中,BEL-7402细胞经电磁场处理后促进凋亡基因明显(细胞色素C释放相关基因)上调,抑制凋亡基因表达下降.结论 电磁场能够促进肝癌细胞凋亡基因的上调,抑制凋亡基因表达下降,提示电磁场在促进肝癌细胞凋亡方面具有重要作用.     

氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐对白血病细胞K562增殖的影响

目的　研究氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐对白血病细胞K5 6 2增殖的影响 ,并探讨分子机制。方法　采用MTT(四唑氮蓝 )法检测不同浓度的氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐对K5 6 2细胞生长的影响 ;吉姆萨 -瑞氏染色、电镜观察药物作用后形态的改变 ;流式细胞仪检测药物对K5 6 2细胞细胞周期的影响和细胞表面分化抗原CD11b、CD14、CD33和CD13的表达变化 ;WesternBlot检测药物作用前后K5 6 2细胞组织蛋白酶D(CathepsinD)表达的改变。结果　氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐能明显抑制K5 6 2细胞的生长 ,且存在剂量依赖性。与未加药的对照相比 ,在 5mmol·L-1浓度作用 2d后形态学观察 ,易见早、中、晚期凋亡的K5 6 2细胞 ;胞质空泡化明显 ,大泡很多。 1、5mmol·L-1浓度作用 2d后出现G1期K5 6 2细胞增加 ,而S期的减少 ,在 5mmol·L-1浓度时 ,出现凋亡峰与对照相比 ,CD11b和CD14的表达轻度增加 ,CD33表达轻度减低 ,而CD13表达无明显变化。同时还发现药物作用后出现CathepsinD蛋白前体的蓄积现象。结论　氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐能抑制K5 6 2细胞增殖 ,诱导其凋亡 ,其分子机制可能与细胞周期受阻、CathepsinD蛋白前体蓄积有关     

Inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and migration by ursolic acid in human lung cancer cell lines

Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene naturally occurring in many plant foods. Apoptotic, anti-invasive and anti-migratory effects of UA at 2, 4, 8, or 16 μmol/L in human non-small cell lung cancer A549, H3255 and Calu-6 cell lines were examined. The impact of this compound upon associated biomarkers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was also evaluated. UA treatments concentration-dependently decreased cell viability, and lowered Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity (P < 0.05). This compound at 4–16 μmol/L concentration-dependently increased DNA fragmentation, and reduced VEGF and transforming growth factor beta1 levels in test cancer cells (P < 0.05). UA concentration-dependently suppressed ICAM-1 expression (P < 0.05). This compound significantly declined fibronectin expression (P < 0.05), but concentration-dependent effect was shown in H3255 cells only (P < 0.05). UA treatments significantly suppressed the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 (P < 0.05), and inhibited protein kinase C activity in test cell lines (P < 0.05). UA treatments also concentration-dependently reduced cell invasion (P < 0.05); however, this compound at 4–16 μmol/L significantly decreased cell migration (P < 0.05), and concentration-dependent effect was shown in A549 and Calu-6 cells (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that this triterpene was a potent anti-lung cancer agent, and it might be able to retard invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells.     

Inhibition of Akt signaling in hepatoma cells induces apoptotic cell death independent of Akt activation status

The serine/threonine kinase Akt, a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), is involved in cell survival and anti-apoptotic signaling. Akt has been shown to be constitutively expressed in a variety of human tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this report we analyzed the status of Akt pathway in three HCC cell lines, and tested cytotoxic effects of Akt pathway inhibitors LY294002, Wortmannin and Inhibitor VIII. In Mahlavu human hepatoma cells Akt was constitutively activated, as demonstrated by its Ser473 phosphorylation, downstream hyperphosphorylation of BAD on Ser136, and by a specific cell-free kinase assay. In contrast, Huh7 and HepG2 did not show hyperactivation when tested by the same criteria. Akt enzyme hyperactivation in Mahlavu was associated with a loss of PTEN protein expression. Akt signaling was inhibited by the upstream kinase inhibitors, LY294002, Wortmannin, as well as by the specific Akt Inhibitor VIII in all three hepatoma cell lines. Cytotoxicity assays with Akt inhibitors in the same cell lines indicated that they were all sensitive, but with different IC50 values as assayed by RT-CES. We also demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect was through apoptotic cell death. Our findings provide evidence for its constitutive activation in one HCC cell line, and that HCC cell lines, independent of their Akt activation status respond to Akt inhibitors by apoptotic cell death. Thus, Akt inhibition may be considered as an attractive therapeutic intervention in liver cancer.     

Notch signaling as a therapeutic target for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. Although the therapy of ALL has significantly improved, the heterogeneous genetic landscape of the disease often causes relapse, which is difficult to treat. Achieving a positive outcome for patients with relapsed or refractory ALL remains a challenging issue. The high prevalence of NOTCH-activating mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and the central role of NOTCH signaling in regulating cell survival and growth of ALL provide a rationale for the development of Notch signaling-targeted strategies in this disease. Therapeutic alternatives with effective anti-leukemic potential and low toxicity are needed.

Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the currently available drugs directly or indirectly targeting Notch signaling in ALL. Besides considering the known Notch targeting approaches, such as γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and Notch inhibiting antibodies (mAbs), currently in clinical trials, we focus on the recent insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the Notch signaling regulation in ALL.

Expert opinion: Novel drugs targeting specific steps of Notch signaling or intersecting pathways could improve the efficiency of the conventional hematological cancers therapies. Further studies are required to translate the new findings into future clinical applications.     

阻断Notch信号途径能有效抑制A549细胞增殖

目的 Delta-like 4(DLL4)是Notch信号通路的配体之一,是近年新发现的血管生长调控因子,研究表明DLL4的高表达与肺腺癌转移预后密切相关。该文旨在研究DLL4在A549细胞中的表达,以及DLL4基因表达对人A549细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。方法 (1)体外培养A549细胞,免疫细胞化学法检测DLL4在A549细胞中的表达及定位;(2)设计并化学合成靶向DLL4基因的siRNA序列,lipofectamineTM2000介导DLL4 siRNA转染A549细胞,RT-PCR进行DLL4-mRNA定量,Western blot分别检测A549细胞DLL4蛋白的改变;(3)四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测细胞的存活和生长变化;(4)激光共聚焦显微镜检测Annexin V-FITC标记的A549细胞的细胞凋亡比率。结果 (1)A549细胞表达DLL4蛋白,且定位于胞浆中;(2)DLL4-mRNA和DLL4蛋白的表达在对照组与干扰组之间有显著差异(P0.05);(3)MTT检测显示抑制DLL4表达对A549细胞的增殖有抑制作用,DLL4干扰组细胞增殖抑制率为43.85%,未处理组细胞增殖抑制率为23.81%;(4)抑制DLL4基因表达,A549细胞的凋亡比率明显升高,DLL4干扰组细胞凋亡率为(25.01±4.32)%,未处理组细胞凋亡率为(14.24±0.98)%。结论 DLL4在A549细胞表达。特异性阻断DLL4/Notch信号途径能有效抑制A549细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡。     

褪黑素对肝癌细胞系HepG2的增殖抑制作用及其与G蛋白-cAMP信号途径的关系

目的研究褪黑素(melatonin,MT)对肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞的增殖抑制作用以及其对G蛋白-cAMP通路的影响。方法采用MTT法检测MT对HepG2细胞生长的影响,放免法检测细胞内cAMP水平,Westernblot法检测抑制型G蛋白α1(Gαi1)、抑制型G蛋白α2(Gαi2)、抑制型G蛋白α3(Gαi3)、刺激型G蛋白(Gαs)表达水平。结果MTT检测结果表明,MT在10-8～10-5mol.L-1的浓度范围内,72h共培养后,可有效抑制HepG2细胞增殖,且呈一定的时间浓度依赖关系。为进一步研究MT细胞增殖抑制作用与G蛋白-cAMP信号通路的关系,检测浓度为10-5mol.L-1的MT作用HepG2细胞后0、15、30、45、60、90、120min后Gαi1、Gαi2、Gαi3和Gαs和细胞内cAMP水平变化,结果发现MT作用HepG2细胞30min后可明显下调Gαi1、Gαi2、Gαi3的表达水平,但对Gαs表达无明显影响,同时发现MT处理后cAMP水平有下降的趋势,但是没有统计学意义。结论MT呈时间浓度依赖性的抑制体外培养的HepG2细胞生长,其机制可能与影响G蛋白-cAMP信号通路有关。     

Ochratoxin A affects COS cell adhesion and signaling

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a metabolite produced by strains of Aspergillus and Penicillium, has nephritogenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic activity in animals and humans. Nanomolar concentrations of OTA promote apoptosis in a cell-type specific fashion. In this study, we have analyzed the molecular mechanism by which OTA affects COS cell adhesion and signaling resulting in an apoptotic response. OTA, at noncytotoxic doses, was able to detach collagen- and fibronectin-adherent cells from immobilized substratum. However, prior to inducing detachment of adherent cells, OTA caused apoptosis as measured by caspase-3 activation. The treatment of adherent cells by OTA caused a reduction of tyrosine phosphorylation levels of FAK and of the adapter protein paxillin. The down-regulation of FAK preceded apoptosis and cell detachment induced by OTA. The mycotoxin was also able to cause a decrease of the phosphorylation levels of the two Shc isoforms, P66 and P52, in adherent cells. Since these Shc isoforms have been implicated in the activation of protein kinase c-Src, which is required for FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, the observed dephosphorylation of FAK and of the FAK substrate paxillin by OTA could be ascribed to the early down-regulation of Shc isoforms. However, whether FAK and Shc phosphorylation contribute both to the same pathway leading to the induction of apoptosis by OTA or are involved in two parallel signaling pathways remains to be investigated.     

Anti-tumor effect of germacrone on human hepatoma cell lines through inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis

Germacrone is one of the main bioactive components in the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma curcuma. In this study, the anti-proliferative effect of germacrone on the human hepatoma cell lines and the molecular mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of germacrone were investigated. Treatment of human hepatoma cell lines HepG2 and Bel7402 with germacrone resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay, flow cytometric and fluorescent microscopy analysis, while much lower effect on normal human liver cell L02 was observed. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that germacrone induced G2/M arrest in the cell cycle progression that was associated with an obvious decrease in the protein expression of cyclin B1 and its activating partner CDK1 with concomitant inductions of p21. Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V/PI staining results showed that the total cell number in apoptosis associated with a dose-dependent up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2/Bcl-xl was increased. In the meantime, the up-regulation of p53 and reactive oxygen species increase were observed, which suggested that germacrone might be a new potent chemopreventive drug candidate for liver cancer via regulating the expression of proteins related to G2/M cell cycle and apoptosis, and p53 and oxidative damage may play important roles in the inhibition of human hepatoma cells growth by germacrone.     

Liriodenine inhibits the proliferation of human hepatoma cell lines by blocking cell cycle progression and nitric oxide-mediated activation of p53 expression.

Liriodenine was isolated from the leaves of Michelia compressa. This study was designed to assess cell cycle arrest, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and p53 expression in liriodenine-treated human hepatoma cell lines, including wild-type p53 (Hep G2 and SK-Hep-1). As evidenced by flowcytometric studies, liriodenine induced cell cycle G(1) arrest and inhibited DNA synthesis in Hep G2 and SK-Hep-1 cell lines. The p53, iNOS expression and intracellular NO level were markedly increased in Hep G2 cells after liriodenine treatment. A NO inhibitor, carboxy-PTIO inhibited the p53 expression induced by liriodenine. In addition, liriodenine could not induce obvious cytotoxicity in normal human IMR-90 cell line. These results demonstrate that NO production and p53 expression are critical factors in liriodenine-induced growth inhibition in human wild-type p53 hepatoma cells.     

Copper toxicity affects proliferation and viability of human hepatoma cells (HepG2 line)

In Wilson's disease and Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) copper accumulates in the liver resulting in poor hepatocyte regeneration and fibrosis. An inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation and an increase in cell death could account for these outcomes. To establish how the toxicity of this metal ion impacts upon the proliferation and viability of the HepG2 cells they were cultured in 4-32 microM copper(II) sulphate (CuSO4)). These levels were comparable to the circulatory and tissue concentrations of copper recorded for these two diseases. Specific uptake comparable to levels of copper recorded in the livers of patients with Wilson's disease and ICC was measured in the HepG2 cells. After 48 h acid vesicle function increased from 4 to 32 microM Cu2+ but significantly declined at 64 microM compared to the controls. Lysosomal acid phosphatase showed a concentration dependent decline in activity at 72 h. Cellls exposed to 64 microM Cu2+ had a potential doubling time (Tpot) 21 h longer than the control cells due to a prolonged DNA synthesis phase. At 64 microM Cu2+, increases of necrosis up to 18% were seen whereas comparable levels of apoptotic and necrotic cells (<5%) were seen below this concentration. Chronic exposure over 8 weeks impaired colony-forming efficiency at concentrations of 16 microM Cu2+ and above. This study suggests that when liver cells sequester large amounts of copper, the toxic effects include delayed cell-cycle progression, a gradual loss of replicative capacity, and an increased incidence of cell death.     

Myc诱导的核抗原通过调控蛋白激酶 B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白 /信号通路促进急性髓细胞性白血病细胞增殖

目的探讨 Myc诱导的核抗原(Myc induced nuclear antigen,MINA)在急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)中的表达及其对 HL-60细胞的增殖影响及其分子机制。方法研究时间为 2021年 5月至 2023年 1月。 AML数据集来自癌症基因组图谱( TCGA)。通过 TCGA数据库下载 AML的临床信息和 MINA的表达水平。构建 MINA基因的过表达慢病毒载体,通过慢病毒感染,建立稳定 MINA基因过表达的人原髓细胞白血病细胞( HL-60)细胞系,通过细胞计数法检测其对细胞增殖的影响;蛋白质印迹法检测 MINA对 HL-60细胞蛋白激酶 B(Akt)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白( mTOR)磷酸化的影响。 TCGA数据库分析 MINA与 mTOR在 AML中表达的相关性。结果分析 TCGA数据库,结果显示 MINA mRNA在 AML中表达 16.25±0.58明显高于健康对照者10.20±0.29,MINA的表达水平与 AML病人预后密切相关,相对于低表达者,高表达 MINA的 AML癌病人预后较差( HR=2.30,P=0.003)。成功构建稳定 MINA高表达的 HL-60细胞系,过表达 MINA促进 HL-60细胞增殖,第 6天细胞数过表达组明显高于对照组( P<0.01);过表达 MINA可明显增加 Akt和 mTOR的磷酸化水平, Akt抑制剂哌立福新( Perifosine)可逆转过表达 MINA导致的 HL-60细胞增殖。 MINA与 mTOR的表达水平在 AML中具有明显的正相关性( r=0.36,P<0.01)。结论 MINA在 AML病人中高表达,高表达 MINA的 AML病人预后较差, MINA可能通过调控 Akt/mTOR通路促进 AML细胞增殖。     

抗坏血酸对人肝癌细胞增殖与再分化的作用(英文)

目的:测定抗坏血酸(AA)对人肝癌细胞增殖与再分化的作用。方法:维甲酸(Tre)为阳性对照,测定细胞增殖、细胞表面电荷、生化变化和软琼脂细胞生长等指标。结果:用AA6mmol·L~(-1)处理后,肝癌细胞的生长和分裂指数显著下降,增殖抑制率达58.9％。与恶化有关的指标显著减轻,如细胞表面电荷明显降低,电泳率从1.64降到0.93μm·s~(-1)·V~(-1)·cm~(-1),甲胎蛋白(α-FP)由302μg·g~(-1)(protein)降为90,γ-谷氨酰转氨酶(γ-GT)活性由0.81U·g~(-1)(protein)降到0.16。酪氨酸-α-酮戊二酸转氨酶(TAT)活性由10.3μmol·g~(-1)(protein)升高为41.2,细胞克隆形成力降低94.4％。结论:AA能够抑制人肝癌细胞增殖,诱导分化,并逆转恶性表型。