细胞色素P450 2E1在依达拉奉减轻免疫性肝损伤氧化应激中的作用

目的观察细胞色素P450 2E1(CYP 2E1)在依达拉奉作用于刀豆蛋白A(Con A)致小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型中的变化。方法先期给予依达拉奉,之后用Con A腹腔注射致敏小鼠产生急性免疫性肝损伤,观察肝脏病理变化,分光光度法测血清AST和ALT浓度,肝匀浆中SOD、MDA、GSH含量,RT-PCR技术检测肝脏组织CYP 2E1 mRNA水平,Westernblot技术检测肝脏组织CYP 2E1蛋白表达水平。结果与模型组比较,依达拉奉能降低免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清中升高的ALT、AST含量;降低肝匀浆中的MDA水平,升高其降低的SOD、GSH水平;CYP 2E1 mRNA水平明显降低,CYP 2E1蛋白表达水平明显下调。结论依达拉奉对小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用,这可能与它降低CYP 2E1的表达,清除自由基,增强机体抗脂质过氧化能力有关。     

当归多糖对地塞米松所致肝损伤的干预作用

目的观察当归多糖(ASP)对地塞米松所致肝损伤的干预作用,并初步探讨其机制。方法制作地塞米松性小鼠肝损伤模型,采用ASP,按100和200 mg/kg剂量口服给药进行干预,观察肝功能指标、抗氧化指标的变化;以血糖、胰岛素水平及糖原含量反映能量代谢的改变;并测定CYP2E1活性。结果 ASP两剂量组均可降低模型小鼠的血清谷丙转氨酶(sALT)、血清谷草转氨酶(sAST),减轻肝脏损伤。模型组引起的抗氧化功能下降以及糖代谢的变化均可被ASP不同程度的抑制。大剂量组的上述作用更为明显。但ASP对CYP2E1酶活性无明显影响。结论 ASP能有效干预地塞米松所致肝损伤;其机制可能与抑制脂质过氧化、调节糖代谢紊乱有关。     

百香果乙酸乙酯提取物预防化学性肝损伤和免疫性肝损伤的研究

目的：探讨百香果乙酸乙酯提取物对化学性肝损伤和免疫性肝损伤是否具有预防作用。方法：将适应性喂养的小鼠随机分为6组：空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性（联苯双酯）对照组（150 mg·kg^-1）、百香果乙酸乙酯提取物低剂量值（15 mg·kg^-1）、中剂量值（30 mg·kg^-1）、高剂量组（60 mg·kg^-1）,给药14 d后,除空白对照组外,其余各组腹腔注射1%四氯化碳或尾静脉注射ConA15 mg·kg^-1。动物模型构造成功后,小鼠禁食不禁水过夜,小鼠眼眶取血,并且颈椎脱臼处死,解剖小鼠取肝脏,测定血清和肝匀浆中的相关生化指标,并做肝脏的组织病理学检查。结果：百香果乙酸乙酯提取物可以预防肝损伤小鼠血清中的ALT、AST水平的升高,升高肝脏抗氧化系统中抗氧化酶CAT、SOD、GSH-Px的活性及其含量,降低过氧化产物MDA、TG的含量。肝脏组织病理学结果表明：百香果乙酸乙酯提取物对小鼠的肝脏有保护作用。结论：百香果乙酸乙酯提取物对化学性肝损伤以及免疫性肝损伤具有预防作用。     

苦参碱联合甘草甜素在四氯化碳慢性肝损伤中的保护作用及机制

摘 要 目的：考察苦参碱联合甘草甜素在四氯化碳（CCl₄）慢性肝损伤中的保护作用,并从能量代谢及CYP酶的角度探讨其保护机制。方法: 建立CCl₄慢性肝损伤模型,通过考察血清ALT、AST观察两药及其联合用药在慢性肝损伤模型中的保护作用;检测血清谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH）及肝组织中肝脏腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸（ATP）、二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸（AMP）含量,评价药物对肝脏能量代谢及线粒体功能的调节作用;实时定量PCR及Western Blot法检测肝脏CYP1A2、CYP2E1 mRNA及蛋白水平,评价两药及其联合用药对肝脏CYP酶的调控作用。结果: 苦参碱（72.8 mg·kg^-1）、甘草甜素（43.4 mg·kg^-1）在CCl₄慢性肝损伤模型中均可降低大鼠血清ALT、AST（P<0.05）,两药联合（36.4 mg·kg^-1 苦参碱+21.7 mg·kg^-1 甘草甜素）使用保护作用更加显著(P<0.05);其中苦参碱（72.8 mg·kg^-1）、甘草甜素（43.4 mg·kg^-1）均可降低血清GLDH,并恢复肝脏ATP含量(P<0.05);苦参碱（72.8 mg·kg^-1）对CYP1A2、CYP2E1mRNA表达水平无抑制作用,甘草甜素（43.4 mg·kg^-1）对CYP1A2、CYP2E1mRNA及蛋白表达水平均有抑制作用（P<0.05）。结论: 苦参碱联合甘草甜素在慢性肝损伤模型中具有明显的线粒功能调节和肝保护作用。     

热休克预处理对对乙酰氨基酚所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨热休克预处理对对乙酰氨基酚(AAP)诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法40℃分别热休克(HS)处理小鼠10min(HS10组)、20min(HS20组)和30min(HS30组),室温恢复8h后,小鼠ip给予AAP 550mg·kg-1诱导急性肝损伤,分别于AAP后0,6,24,42和72h进行相关指标检测。赖氏法检测小鼠血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性,HE染色进行病理学分析,免疫组化法检测给予AAP后0 h,小鼠肝热休克蛋白70(HSP70),细胞色素P4501A2(CYP1A2)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,Western印迹法检测给予AAP后0,6,24,42和72h时小鼠PCNA的表达。结果与AAP对照组相比,HS20组小鼠血清中AST和ALT酶活水平显著降低(P<0.05),而HS10组和HS30组小鼠无显著差异。与AAP对照组相比,HS20显著降低了AAP诱导的小鼠肝损伤程度(P<0.05),而HS10和HS30未显著降低肝损伤的程度。HS20显著诱导了小鼠肝HSP70(P<0.01),CYP1A2(P<0.01)和PCNA(P<0.05)的表达,而HS10和HS30显著诱导了小鼠肝HSP70和CYP1A2(P<0.05)的表达,但未明显诱导PCNA的表达。与HS10和HS30相比,HS20更加显著地诱导了HSP70和CYP1A2的表达(P<0.05)。HS20组小鼠在注射AAP后0,6,24,42和72h,小鼠肝PCNA的表达均显著高于AAP对照组(P<0.05)、HS10和HS30组(P<0.05)。结论 40℃热休克预处理20min可以有效降低AAP诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤程度,加速肝损伤后的修复。     

银杏叶醇提取物对异烟肼和利福平肝毒性保护作用的实验研究

目的:观察银杏叶醇提取物对异烟肼和利福平肝毒性的保护作用及其机制探讨。方法:分别测定肝损害组和银杏叶醇提取物大、小剂量组小鼠的血清谷丙转胺酶(SGPT)、肝指数、肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)含量、肝微粒体P₄₅₀和线粒体Ca²⁺ ATP酶活性,以及肝病理检查,并与对照组比较。结果:银杏叶醇提取物大、小剂量均可对抗异烟肼和利福平引起的MDA、SGPT、肝微粒体P₄₅₀ 的增高(P<0.05) ,以及对抗其引起的形态学改变;银杏叶醇提取物大剂量对抗其线粒体Ca²⁺ ATP酶活性的降低。结论:银杏叶醇提取物可对抗异烟肼和利福平所致肝毒性。     

抗结核药与辛伐他汀联用致肝损伤的特征及其机制研究

目的:研究抗结核药与辛伐他汀联用致肝损伤的特征及发生肝损伤的可能机制。方法:取SPF级8周龄SD大鼠80只,♂♀各半;将其随机分为4组,即对照组(空白)、辛伐他汀组、异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺(HRZ)组和联用药组(辛伐他汀+HRZ);按人-鼠间药物剂量换算,分别给予大鼠相应药物灌胃给药,于给药后10,35和55 d处死大鼠,处死前取股动脉血检测肝功能各指标如总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP);制作CYP3A4及CYP2E1免疫组化染色,观察CYP3A4及CYP2E1在肝脏的蛋白表达情况,最后做肝组织切片并于不同倍数电镜下观察肝细胞亚显微结构和细胞器(organelle)的损伤情况。结果:联用药组和辛伐他汀组血清TBIL、DBIL及IBIL在第10天,第35天和第55天时与对照组比较其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联用药组、HRZ组CYP3A4和CYP2E1免疫组化在用药后不同时间段均呈现阳性表达物,对照组及辛伐他汀组阳性表达物较少;肝细胞亚显微结构观察示滑面内质网增生、线粒体肿胀、脂滴堆积、胆管阻塞等。结论:抗结核药与辛伐他汀联用加重大鼠肝脏损伤,且随着时间延长,肝损伤进一步加重,以胆汁淤积型肝损伤为主,尤其是♀大鼠;推测肝损伤加重可能与药物联用后诱导CYP3A4及CYP2E1表达,加速毒性物质产生以及部分药物阻碍胆红素、胆汁酸排泄有关。     

辣木叶及辣木籽对大鼠CYP450酶3种亚型基因表达影响

目的:研究辣木叶及辣木籽对大鼠肝脏CYP450亚型酶中mRNA及蛋白表达量的影响。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为空白组(0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠混悬溶液)、辣木叶高、中、低剂量组(分别为0.813 8,0.406 9,0.203 5g·kg^-1);辣木籽高、中、低剂量组(分别为1.067 4,0.533 7,0.266 9g·kg^-1)。灌胃给药,给药容量为10mL·kg^-1,2次/天,连续给药14d,取大鼠肝脏,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)及蛋白免疫印迹(Western-blot)法检测大鼠肝脏中CYP2E1、CYP3A1及CYP1A2的mRNA及蛋白相对表达量。结果:辣木叶高剂量组对CYP2E1的mRNA表达有明显抑制作用(P<0.05);在(0.813 8±0.203 5)g·kg^-1剂量范围内,辣木叶对CYP1A2mRNA表达的抑制作用随给药剂量增加而增加(P<0.05)。本实验剂量范围内的辣木籽对3个酶的mRNA表达都有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05),其抑制效率CYP2E1>CYP3A1>CYP1A2。高剂量组辣木叶及辣木籽对CYP2E1蛋白表达都有明显抑制作用(P<0.01);中、低剂量组的辣木籽对CYP3A1及CYP1A2蛋白表达都有不同程度的抑制作用(P<0.05;P<0.05);中剂量辣木叶对CYP1A2蛋白表达抑制作用显著(P<0.01)。结论:辣木叶及辣木籽对大鼠肝脏中3个亚型酶的mRNA及蛋白表达都有不同程度的抑制作用。     

黄芩苷对异烟肼和利福霉素钠肝损伤小鼠的保护作用研究

目的:研究黄芩苷对异烟肼和利福霉素钠致肝脏毒性的保护作用。方法:将60只小鼠随机分为6组,即正常对照组、肝损伤(异烟肼+利福霉素钠)组、联苯双酯组和黄芩苷高、中、低剂量组。后4组进行肝损伤组相同处理后1h给予相应药物,分别给药8d后测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的活性,计算肝指数,用光镜观察肝脏组织细胞病理学的改变情况。结果:与肝损伤组比较,黄芩苷组可降低肝指数水平、血清ALT和AST的活性(P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001)及明显减轻肝细胞的变性和坏死。结论:黄芩苷能减轻异烟肼和利福霉素钠引起的肝脏毒性。     

Beneficial effects of histidine and carnosine on ethanol-induced chronic liver injury.

Alleviative effects of histidine and carnosine in mice against ethanol-induced oxidative and inflammatory was examined. After chronic alcoholic liver injury was induced, histidine and carnosine at 0.5, 1, 2g/L were added to the drinking water for 3 weeks. Results showed that the post-intake of histidine or carnosine markedly decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities (P<0.05). Ethanol treatment increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, decreased glutathione (GSH) content and catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, and increased cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in liver (P<0.05). The post-intake of histidine and carnosine significantly decreased MDA formations, increased GSH content, enhanced catalase and GPX activities, and suppressed CYP2E1 activity (P<0.05), in which the effects on catalase and CYP2E1 activities were dose-dependent (P<0.05). Ethanol treatment elevated hepatic levels of c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (P<0.05), the post-intake of histidine and carnosine significantly and dose-dependently diminished the release of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-alpha (P<0.05). Ethanol treatment caused down-regulation in both catalase and GPX mRNA expression, and up-regulated both IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression (P<0.05). Histidine and carnosine post-treatments significantly and dose-dependently upregulated catalase mRNA, and down-regulated mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha (P<0.05). Based on the observed anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, the supplement of histidine or carnosine might be helpful for the treatment of chronic alcoholic liver injury.     

Roles of CYP2e1 in 1,2‐dichloroethane‐induced liver damage in mice

The aim of this study was to explore the roles of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in 1,2‐dichloroethane (1,2‐DCE)‐induced liver damage. Two parts were included in this study: first, effect of 1,2‐DCE on microsomal expression of CYP2E1, and second, potential of an inhibitor of CYP2E1 to reduce 1,2‐DCE‐induced liver damage. In part one, mice were exposed to 0, 0.225, 0.45, or 0.9 g/m³ 1,2‐DCE for 10 days, 3.5 h per day through static inhalation. In part two, mice were divided into blank control, solvent control, inhibitor control, 1,2‐DCE‐poisoned group, and low or high intervention group. In part one, compared to the control, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in 0.9 g/m³ 1,2‐DCE group, and microsomal CYP2E1 protein expression and activity in both 0.45 and 0.9 g/m³ 1,2‐DCE groups increased significantly; conversely, hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels in both 0.45 and 0.9 g/m³ 1,2‐DCE groups and hepatic SOD activities in 0.9 g/m³ 1,2‐DCE group decreased significantly. In part two, microsomal CYP2E1 protein expression and activity decreased significantly in both low and high intervention groups compared to 1,2‐DCE‐poisoned group. Along with the changes of CYP2E1, hepatic MDA levels and serum ALT activities decreased; conversely, hepatic NPSH levels and SOD activities increased significantly in high intervention group. Taken together, our results suggested that 1,2‐DCE could enhance CYP2E1 protein expression and enzymatic activity, which could cause oxidative damage in liver, serving as an important mechanism underlying 1,2‐DCE‐induced liver damage. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1430–1438, 2016.     

心肌缺血再灌注损伤对大鼠肝细胞色素P450酶代谢的影响

目的探讨心肌缺血再灌注状态下,大鼠肝代谢功能和相关的氧化/抗氧化能力变化。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,除假手术组外,制备在体心肌缺血再灌注模型,并于缺血40min、再灌注15,60和180min分别处死大鼠,检测血浆丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性,肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;以红霉素N-脱甲基酶、五氧基异噁唑O-脱乙基酶和苯胺羟化酶法为探针测定肝细胞色素P450(CYP)3A,CYP2B1和CYP2E1催化功能;RT-PCR法检测肝Ⅰ相药物代谢酶CYP3A1,CYP2B1/2,CYP2E1,以及Ⅱ相解毒酶NAD(P)H醌氧化还原酶(NQO1)及其上游因子NF-E2相关因子(Nrf2)mRNA水平。结果再灌注60 min,肝匀浆MDA含量升高(P<0.05),SOD活力下降(P<0.01);再灌注180 min时,血浆ALT和AST活性升高(P<0.05)。Nrf2基因于再灌注60 min时显著激活(P<0.05),下游因子NQO1 mRNA于再灌注180 min时明显上调(P<0.05)。CYP3A催化功能和mRNA水平分别于再灌注60和180 min开始明显降低(P<0.05);CYP2B1/2 mRNA和催化功能水平分别于再灌注15和180 min开始明显降低(P<0.05);CYP2E1催化功能无明显改变。结论大鼠心肌缺血再灌注可引起肝组织氧化应激及并导致功能损伤。在再灌注早期,具有抗氧化功能的NQO1在转录水平显著上调,其机制可能与上游因子Nrf2被激活相关;CYP3A和CYP2B催化功能在转录和(或)转录后水平明显下调。     

丙二醇与HS 15对对乙酰氨基酚致肝损伤模型的影响

目的：考察助溶剂丙二醇（PG）与HS 15对对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）肝损伤小鼠模型的影响。方法：采用腹腔注射300 mg·kg^-1的APAP构建肝损伤小鼠模型,通过检测造模后血浆中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶水平、肝脏组织匀浆中谷胱甘肽含量、肝组织形态学及蛋白免疫印迹结果,分析比较造模前分别采用PG （40%,v/v）与HS 15预处理对APAP致肝损伤模型的影响。采用体外小鼠肝微粒体孵育试验考察PG与HS 15对CYP2E1的抑制作用。结果： PG预处理7 d对APAP致肝损伤模型具有减轻损伤作用,而HS 15对APAP致肝损伤模型的构建无明显影响。蛋白免疫印迹结果表明,与模型组CYP2E1蛋白表达量相比,PG预处理组有显著变化（P<0.01）,而HS 15组无明显差别。体外酶孵育实验显示1%（v/v） PG对CYP2E1具有明显的抑制作用（P<0.01）。结论： PG可干扰APAP肝损伤,不适合用作APAP及相关肝保护药物的溶媒,其机制与PG可抑制CYP2E1酶活性有关;HS 15对该模型无明显影响,可用作APAP肝损伤研究的溶媒。     

Effect of citral on mouse hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes

Context: Citral is used as a potential natural treatment for various infectious diseases.

Objective: To examine the effect of citral on the mRNA expression and activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and establish the relationship between citral-induced liver injury and oxidative stress.

Materials and methods: ICR mice were randomly divided into citral (20, 200, and 2000?mg/kglow), Tween-80, and control groups (0.9% saline), 10 mice in each group. The citral-treated groups were intragastrically administered citral for 3 d, control groups treated with 0.5% Tween-80 and 0.9% saline in the same way. Liver injury and CYP450 enzymes were analyzed by analyzing the histopathological changes and the changes of related enzymes.

Results: Citral treatment (2000?mg/kg) for 3 d increased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels, as well as glutathione, gydroxyl radicals, malonaldehyde and total superoxide dismutase contents, but decreased the content of total antioxidant capacity. In doses of 20 and 200?mg/kg groups mice, the contents of NO were decreased significantly and other changes were similar to the 2000?mg/kg group mice, but the liver damage was most severe in the 2000?mg/kg group. Citral induced the mRNA expression and activities of CYP450 1A2, 2D22, and 2E1 in the liver of mice at doses of 20 and 200?mg/kg. There were no changes in testing indexes in Tween-80 treated group mice. Due to its toxic effects, the CYP induction effect of citral negatively correlated with its dose. Although the mRNA expression of CYP450 3A11 was induced by citral, its activity was not affected by low and moderate doses of citral. CYP450 3A11 activity was significantly decreased by high-dose citral.

Conclusions: Citral is hepatotoxic and induced oxidative stress in higher dose, which has a negative effect on CYP450 enzymes. These data suggest caution needs to be taken in order to avoid citral-drug interactions in human beings.     

CYP2E1 mediated isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

INTRODUCTIONIsoniazid (INH) in the treatment of all types oftuberculosis (TB) is associated with mild to moderateelevation of liver enzyme activity in plasma, and severehepatotoxicity in approximate 1 %-2 % of patients. Acetyl-hydrazine, the metabolite of INH, has been suggested tobe the cause of hepatic damage in patients. Recently,hydrazine, not INH or acetylhydrazine, has been reportedto be most likely involved in the pathogenic mechanismof hepatic necrosis of INH-induced hepatot…     

竹节参提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究竹节参60％乙醇提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用.方法:将40只昆明种小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、竹节参提取物高剂量组、竹节参提取物低剂量组、水飞蓟宾组;采用白酒灌胃的方式建立小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型.测定各组小鼠ALT、AST、TG含量水平,以及肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,光学显微镜观察小鼠肝脏病理变化,PCR技术检测SOD1和GPX1基因表达水平.结果:与正常组相比较,模型组小鼠肝脏出现明显脂肪变性,血清ALT、AST和TG的水平升高,肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性明显降低,同时MDA含量显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);与模型组相比,竹节参提取物高、低剂量组和水飞蓟宾组均可降低ALT、AST和TG的含量;升高肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性,同时降低MDA的含量;并且肝组织SOD1和GPX1基因的表达水平明显上调,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:竹节参提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能是通过上调SOD1和GPX1的基因表达,从而减轻酒精诱导的氧化应激对肝脏的损伤.