Obesity. Effective and safe management

Rapidly rising prevalence of weight in Indians in cities and upper strata of society in villages and towns is a problem of health in India. It also adds substantially to future morbidity and mortality and will increase the health costs. It is a public health problem. In other countries it is a national problem. It increase cost of treatment of the nation. It is individual matter in India. Hence the treatment of chronic diseases like hypertension diabetes, hyperlipidemia is not being effectively carried out in India due to burden of cost of treatment on individual. Lack of education and funds prevent continuous treatment. It is problem of education of public and a support from authorities. Those who are aware should not neglect their own health. Prevention of obesity should be the goal in life.     

A RESTRAINT DEVICE FOR CATS IN AN ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY FIELD

A restraint apparatus for cats for use in ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic fields is described. It should also he useful in general psychophysiological experimentation with a variety of species. It basically consists of wooden dowel rods affixed to the cat and to a fixed bar parallel to the spine. It is simple, inexpensive, and well tolerated by cats in a variety of experiments.     

A proposal for a method of reporting cervico-uterine smears

A method for reporting Papsmears is proposed. Paperwork is limited to choosing a few codes on a working list prepared according to the Bethesda system and the ADICAP coding system. The method is easy to use. It reduces the work load of time for cytologists and secretaries. It allows harmonization and structurization of the look and the filling of reports for Papsmears. It may be easily adapted for vaginal smears. It leads to a report complete and adapted to the Bethesda system. It gives the possibility of adding comments and additional codes. It avoids most mistakes about ?bligatory codes. It makes easier to perform statistical evaluation and to initiate a quality control program.     

细胞自噬的调控与自噬程序性死亡的研究进展

自噬(autophagy)是一种溶酶体依赖性降解途径,涉及细胞内长寿蛋白和受损伤细胞器的降解,其既是细胞保守的自我防御机制,又是一种程序性细胞死亡机制(PCD),与机体的多种疾病有密切关系.自噬具有独特的形态改变和特有的调控通路,自噬的调控涉及到多种机制、如翻译后修饰等.凋亡是研究最清楚的程序性细胞死亡机制,凋亡与细胞自噬程序性死亡之间存在着复杂的关系.对哺乳动物细胞自噬的分子调控机制,自噬程序性细胞死亡过程及其与凋亡的关系等方面进行探讨很有意义.     

The contribution of list length to the absence of the primacy effect in word recall in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

It has repeatedly been demonstrated that patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) show an absence of the primacy effect when asked to recall a list of items. The results of the present study show that the absence of the primacy effect in DAT patients is related to list length but probably in a way that is qualitatively not specific since it follows the same pattern as in normal ageing. It is also demonstrated that DAT patients differ in learning style. It is suggested that this indicates a reduced capacity to maintain controlled processing.     

An hypothesis on information, memory and perception

It is generally held that a sensory receptor serves, in some way to "map" an external event (such as a light or sound signal) onto some internal or neural event (such as a volley of impulses moving along an axon toward the brain). Or schematically (external event leads to neural event). It is postulated in this paper that it is not the external event, but rather uncertainty about the nature of the external event, which produces the neural activity. In place of the traditional map it is hypothesized that we should substitute (rate of change of uncertainty about an external event leads to neural event). It follows from this revised mapping process that one perceives only those external events about which he was initially uncertain. One cannot perceive something about which he is perfectly certain. It is seen that various observed sensory phenomena, such as the process of adaptation and the fading of a fixed retinal image, issue directly from this new hypothesis.     

幽门螺杆菌中性白细胞激活蛋白的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌中性白细胞激活蛋白是150000u蛋白质,具有多种生物学功能①作为抗原能激发宿主产生特异性免疫反应;②对白细胞具有趋化、激活作用;③介导免疫粘附及介导幽门螺杆菌粘附、定植胃粘膜;④激活人白细胞NADPH氧化酶,产生活性氧中间产物.结论幽门螺杆菌中性白细胞激活蛋白是参与幽门螺杆菌致病机制的重要因子;可作为幽门螺杆菌疫苗的重要候选者.     

Purification of thymic macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)

Aqueous extracts of the thymus of animals which had been challenged immunologically have been shown to contain MIF activity. This MIF could be purified by precipitation with 70% ethanol, concentrated by ultrafiltration between 30,000 and 50,000 daltons, isoelectrically focused at pH 6.8–7.1, and electrophoresed on preparative acrylamide gels. The resulting product is electrophoretically homogeneous at pH 4.3 in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and SDS-gel electrophoresis. It has a molecular weight of 36,000 daltons. It is trypsin- and neuraminidase-labile and is thermostable. It degrades and reassembles in electrophoresis at pH 7.0. It is not chemotactic for macrophages but apparently activates them phagocytically. It has no proteolytic activity.Supported in part by a contract from the Office of Nival Research N00014-71-C-0203.     

What methods and process flow can assist in alloantibody identification

When a positive antibody screen is encountered there are many pathways that can be followed for antibody identification and every laboratory should have a policy outlining its standard procedures. It is important that a systematic approach is taken, both to assigning a specificity (ies) and to excluding all clinically significant antibodies that the patient is capable of making. Several reagent red cell panels may be needed to identify some combinations of antibodies. It is useful to know the ethnic background of the patient because some combinations of phenotypes are found almost exclusively in certain populations. Identification of alloantibody specificity is a process undertaken to enable informed decisions to be made regarding suitable blood for transfusion to a patient. It is important to realize that not all antibodies are clinically significant and antigen-negative blood is not always needed. When complex mixtures or antibodies to high incidence antigens are present, resolution can be difficult and time-consuming, thus causing a delay in patient care.     

Papillary Eccrine Adenoma

This benign tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands is usually found on the distal extremities. It is related to a syringoma and must be distinguished from a sweat gland carcinoma. It occurs most often in black patients. Complete surgical excision is the treatment.     

Methods of studying platelet function. Biological markers of the activation of human platelets in vivo and in vitro

Platelets play a key role in hemostasis, thrombosis, atherosclerosis and their pathological consequences. It is possible to follow platelet activation in vivo by measuring bleeding time, platelet count, existence of circulating platelet aggregates or platelet survival and sequestration. In vitro tests include measurement of platelet adhesion, aggregation alpha, and dense granule secretion. It is also possible to follow biochemical events linked to platelet activation such as prostaglandin metabolism, Ca2+ levels or platelet membrane modifications (receptors, glycoproteins, coagulant activities, antigens). Some of these markers of platelet activation are modified in diseases (thrombotic events, hyperlipoproteinemia) and the use of artificial surfaces. It is not always possible to know if the modifications are the cause or the consequence of the pathological event. Unfortunately, some results are questionable because of methodological procedures. Some of these tests have been used to follow the involvement of platelets in a pathological event or to evaluate a prethrombotic state in a patient. It is not yet possible to identify directly, or by the mean of a marker of platelet activation, a patient who is likely to experience a thrombotic episode.     

Fibromatosis of the breast--a case report

A case of fibromatosis of the breast in a 30 years old female is described. Only a few cases have been previously reported. It is anticipated that fibromatosis of breast behaves in a similar fashion to fibromatosis occurring in other sites. It is a locally aggressive lesion which exhibits a high incidence of local recurrence following incomplete excision.     

Environmental agents involved in the cause of primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immune mediated chronic cholestatic liver disease with a slowly progressive course It is a universal disease with a reported latitudinal gradient in prevalence and incidence. The aetiology of primary biliary cirrhosis is still unknown. It is characterized by a 60% concordance in monozygotic twins and is considered an autoimmune disease because of several features common to other autoimmune conditions and the relatively homogeneous serological and biochemical features. However geoepidemiological and clinical studies strongly imply that environmental factors also play an important role. It is accepted that the disease is clearly the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Several risk factors have been suggested to be associated with PBC, including exposure to infectious agents and chemical xenobiotics. This review will attempt to place such factors in perspective.     

Ability of Large Doses of an Alpha2 Plasma Protein Fraction to Inhibit Antibody Production

The effect of a bovine α₂ glycoprotein fraction on antibody production in rabbits is described. It can produce inhibition of antibody production in a large percentage of animals. It would appear to act in the inductive phase of antibody synthesis. It does not affect an established antibody level and is totally ineffective if given after antibody production has begun.     

The neuropsychological implications of allergenic clinical titration in the treatment of allergic diseases

The wheal is used for assessment of the Provocation-Neutralisation Response in Clinical Titration. It is the third, slowest, and most indirect measure of the Antigen-Antibody Reaction as demonstrated in the Triple Response. The flare is produced by an axone reflex. It appears rapidly as a direct neurological response to antigen challenge. It is associated with local changes in Direct Current Potential. These are transmitted distally through the d.c. Perineural Analogue System. Neutralisation values appear in a harmonic series with increasing dilutions of antigen. Passive Allergenic Neutralisation does not require active antigen administration into the patient's tissues. Passive Neutralisation can be performed in the absence of allergenic material. It is concluded that the wheal need not be associated with the Provocation-Neutralisation technique, and that a neuropsychological basis for the Provocation-Neutralisation response should be explored.     

Computer assisted optimization of an electromagnetic transducer design for implantable hearing aids

A simple, contactless electromagnetic transducer design for implantable hearing aids is investigated. It consists of a coil and a permanent magnet, both of which are intended for implantation in the middle ear. The transducer is modeled and optimized using computer simulations, followed by experimental verification. It is shown that the proposed transducer design can, because of its size and geometry, allow implantation through the external auditory canal, and provide a sufficiently high acoustic output corresponding to approximately 120 dB sound pressure level. It can be optimized to be tolerant of radial displacements between coil and magnet of up to 1 mm.     

Can apoptosis in benign proliferative lesions predict risk of cancer development?

The presence of benign proliferative lesions is a risk factor for the development of cancer. However, only a subset of individuals presenting with benign lesions goes on to develop cancer. It is a major challenge of cancer research to identify those individuals at increased risk for this neoplastic progression. It has been suggested that individuals with inherent genomic instability may have a predisposition for cancer development. The hypothesis is presented that this genetic instability could be quantified through the analysis of apoptosis in biopsies of benign lesions. It is further conjectured that genetic damage-dependent apoptosis might serve as a prognostic indicator to identify individuals at increased risk for cancer.     

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia or BOOP. Report of a new case, reflections on the concept of BOOP

A new case of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is reported. The clinical, radiographical and histological characteristics of the BOOP are reviewed. It is a rare affection which has been described for a long time but the nosological situation of which among diseases of bronchioles has been only recently established. It corresponds to an unspecific inflammatory answer to a pulmonary aggression and can therefore be observed in numerous circumstances. It may represent a model for the understanding of the mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis.     

心音包迹标测图的临床应用——附124例报告

心音包迹标测图是运用自行研制的专用记录仪，在受检者胸前３０个标测点分期同步录制的心音包迹图，以阵列方式把３０个心音包迹图显示在一张图上，经６０例正常心音受检者和６４例有心音异常患者的初步应用，并与同期所作的普通心音图进行对比研究，结果表明：（１）ＨＳＥＣＭ具有形象直观，信息丰富，能按实测方位全面地展示胸前３０个部位的心音包迹形态，并构成一幅心音音场态势图；（２）便于对各标测部位的心音形态进行对比研     

关于研究生课程"生物医学工程前沿"建设的意见

"生物医学工程前沿"是国家所规定的生物医学工程专业研究生的课程之一.它以极广的知识领域,最新的学术动态,最先进的医疗技术等为主要内容,展示该专业的研究范围、前沿动态、发展趋向及未来前景,是学生们全面了解本专业的最好窗口,也是获取专业知识的最丰富园地.