Mantle cell lymphoma with plasma cell differentiation

The differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells (PCs) is an antigen-mediated process that largely depends on the interaction between B cells and regulatory factors in their microenvironment. Long-lived PCs are derived from activated B cells in the germinal center (GC), whereas PC differentiation from naive B cells occurs in the extrafollicular areas and the PCs are short-lived. Consequently, lymphomas arising from post-GC B cells often exhibit plasmacytic differentiation, whereas lymphomas arising from naive B cells less commonly show plasmacytic differentiation. Herein, we report 2 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with clonal PC differentiation. Both cases presented with the typical cytologic features of MCL and were characterized by a nodular and mantle-zone growth pattern. Clusters of clonal PCs with monotypic kappa light chain expression were identified in the centers of the tumor nodules and within reactive GCs. FICTION (Fluorescence immunophenotyping and Interphase Cytogenetics as a Tool for the Investigation Of Neoplasms) analysis demonstrated the characteristic t(11;14)(q13;q32) in both the MCL cells and clonal PCs, indicating that both cell types were derived from the same B-cell clone. These findings indicate that the clonal PC differentiation may occur within GCs in some cases of MCL.     

胚胎干细胞分化为软骨细胞的研究现状与展望

胚胎干细胞具有多向分化潜能,在组织修复治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景.近年研究表明,胚胎干细胞在细胞因子、激素、微环境等作用下能够分化为软骨细胞.本文对近年来胚胎干细胞向软骨细胞定向分化中的各种因素进行综述.     

Small cell squamous and mixed small cell squamous--small cell anaplastic carcinomas of the lung

Five patients are presented who had neoplasms which, by light microscopy and in two cases cytologically, appeared to be small cell anaplastic (polygonal and fusiform cell type) carcinomas of the lung. However, by electron microscopy, four of the carcinomas exhibited squamous characteristics including desmosomes and tonofilament bundles, and lacked demonstrable neurosecretory granules, suggesting that they were small cell squamous carcinomas. The fifth carcinoma contained cells with neurosecretory granules as well as cells demonstrating squamous differentiation. One patient died within 3 months of presentation. Three patients survived for approximately 18 months each; two received chemotherapy but one was treated by surgical resection alone. The fifth patient had a peripheral coin lesion which was treated by surgical resection only; he is alive without evidence of recurrent carcinoma 1 year after operation. We suggest that some carcinomas of the lung with the light-microscopic and cytologic appearance of small cell anaplastic carcinoma are actually small cell variants of squamous cell carcinoma and lack the characteristic neurosecretory granules of classic small cell carcinoma. The behavior of these tumors needs to be determined.     

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for renal cell carcinoma

Although the prognosis for patients with metastatic kidney cancer remains poor, a number of promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of metastatic disease have been developed over the past decade. The response of some patients to cytokines such as interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha, and more recently, vaccination with dendritic cell/tumor fusions has laid the ground work for ongoing immune-based investigational approaches. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a potent form of immunotherapy capable of delivering potentially curative immune-mediated anti-tumor effects against a number of different hematological malignancies. Knowledge of renal cell carcinoma's unusual susceptibility to immune attack has led to the hypothesis that tumor rejection, mediated through immunocompetent donor T-cells, might be generated against this solid tumor following the transplantation of an allogeneic immune system. Although clinical trials are early and ongoing, the recent observation of metastatic disease regression following non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation has identified renal cell carcinoma as being susceptible to a graft-versus-tumor effect. Disease responses following such therapy have ranged from partial to complete and have been observed even in patients who have failed conventional cytokine based strategies. This article reviews the design, methodology and early clinical results of studies investigating the use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.     

Renal cell carcinoma with non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia

We report a case of an elderly gentleman with renal cell carcinoma presenting with the rare entity of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH). Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia syndrome is caused by the tumor producing insulin-like growth factor II, causing hypoglycemia. The syndrome is most commonly associated with very large fibromas or fibrosarcomas.     

番茄红素抑制前列腺癌LnCaP细胞增殖

目的:探讨人体血清中番茄红素(1ycopene)水平与前列腺癌发病相关性.方法:将在加入0.5μmol/L,5 μmol/L,10μmol/L,15 μmol/L不同浓度番茄红素溶液的培养基中生长48 h后的LnCaP细胞,与在相对应浓度番茄红素溶剂-四氢叶酸酯中以及RPMI1640培养基中生长的各组细胞增殖率进行比较.观察体外培养条件下不同浓度番茄红素对前列腺癌LnCaP细胞系增殖的影响.结果:与在相对应浓度溶剂中生长的细胞相比,番茄红素溶液的培养基中生长的LnCaP细胞,细胞增殖分别减少了2.66%,4.29%,3.73%,13.66%(P＜0.05).与在RPMI培养基中生长的细胞相比,在加入5μmol/L,10μmol/L,15 μmol/L番茄红素溶液的培养基中生长的LnCaP细胞,细胞增殖分别减少了8.12%,6.33%,12.00%(P＜0.05).结论:番茄红素在体外培养条件下对前列腺癌LnCaP细胞的增殖有显著的抑制作用.     

体细胞核移植的研究进展——核移植供体细胞与受体细胞的选择

根据近年来国外的研究进展,对核移植研究中的有关内容,如供体核的获得、受体卵母细胞与去核、核卵重组进行了综述,望能对核移植研究有所帮助。     

DCC protein expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the expression of protein from the "deleted in colorectal cancer" (DCC) gene, which predicts a poor outcome for patients with colorectal carcinoma, can also serve as a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression of DCC was evaluated immunohistochemically in 94 paraffin-embedded tumour samples from patients with stage T1, T2, and T3 clear cell RCC. The mean follow-up was 52.3 months. The endpoints of the study were recurrence of disease and death from disease. RESULTS: The under-expression of DCC protein was detected in 63% of patients who died from the disease and in 36% with no evidence of disease. DCC protein under-expression was detected in all patients with T1 tumours who died from the disease, in half the T2 tumours and in two-thirds of T3 tumours. CONCLUSION: DCC protein under-expression correlated with more aggressive tumour behaviour and a greater risk of death from RCC. However, a larger cohort of patients should be assessed before drawing definitive conclusions.     

Accessory cell functions in mononuclear cell cultures uremic patients

Mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from dialyzed patients and healthy control subjects. Lymphocyte responses to stimulation with optimal and suboptimal concentrations of lectin (PHA), or stimulation with T cell receptor antibody (Leu 4) were found decreased in the patient cultures. The separate and the combined effects of exogenous interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were examined in PHA and Leu 4 stimulated cell cultures. Addition of IL-1 did not normalize the decreased proliferation response of the patient cultures. In contrast, addition of IL-2 alone clearly enhanced and almost normalized the response of patient cultures stimulated with suboptimal concentrations of PHA. The combined addition of IL-1 and IL-2 gave no evidence of an additive effect of IL-1 and IL-2. Cell cultures from uremic and normal HLA-identical relative were examined. Substitution of uremic adherent monocytes with normal adherent monocytes as accessory cells did not improve the uremic T cell responses to stimulation with PHA. Furthermore, uremic adherent cells did not suppress the normal T cell responses. These results suggest that uremic accessory cells support T cell activation and, in particular, do not suppress T cell responses. The effect of IL-2 in the present study as well as previous findings of decreased IL-2 production in patients cultures may indicate that uremia primarily influences the proliferation of T cells.     

Roscovitine对增生期肝癌细胞周期的影响

目的 探讨细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制剂Roscovitine对增生期肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞周期的影响.方法 采用体外培养的肝癌细胞SMMC-7721,经过Roscovitine作用后,对SMMC-7721细胞的形态、生长情况、细胞周期时相的分布、凋亡以及CDK2、Caspase-3、bcl-2 mRNA的表达情况进行观察.结果 MTT提示:Roscovitine对SMMC-7721细胞的增生有抑制作用,作用效果呈时间、剂量依赖性,并促进细胞的凋亡;流式细胞仪发现G0期、G1期的比例增加,细胞出现凋亡;R-T PCR显示CDK2 mRNA表达水平降低,凋亡相关基因bel-2表达降低,Caspase-3 mRNA水平表达升高.结论 Roscovitine可以抑制增生期肝癌细胞的生长、增生,阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期,诱导细胞的凋亡,凋亡机制与bcl-2、Caspase-3的表达改变有关.     

A combined small cell carcinoma of the lung containing three components: small cell, spindle cell and squamous cell carcinoma.

A 61-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of rapid growth of a mass shadow revealed by chest radiography. The mass was diagnosed as pure small cell carcinoma by CT-guided needle biopsy, and the patient underwent chemotherapy. However, as the tumor showed no response, we considered the possibility of some other form of malignancy and performed surgery. Postoperatively, the mass was diagnosed as small cell carcinoma combined with small cell, spindle cell and squamous cell carcinoma. We report this case in view of the rarity of this combination of morphologic patterns in a primary bronchogenic carcinoma.     

Asymptomatic renal cell carcinoma and small renal cell carcinoma

Of 151 patients with renal cell carcinoma 12 were asymptomatic and 13 were small in size. The patients with asymptomatic renal cell carcinoma were incidentally discovered by B ultrasonography or IVP. Most of asymptomatic renal cell carcinomas were of lower stage than suspected, but a few were advanced. The patients with small renal cell carcinoma, which were all classified into stage One, Simple hematuria or pain is not only the manifestation of advanced carcinoma but also early stage. It is termed early diagnosis that the renal cell carcinoma without capsule invasion and metastases is detected. B ultrasonography should be the first choice for early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.     

Synchronous ipsilateral conventional renal cell and transitional cell carcinoma

Simultaneous occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in the same kidney is unusual. We report a 61-year-old man with ipsilateral synchronous renal adenocarcinoma and renal pelvic TCC. He was referred to our department for gross hematuria and right flank pain. CT and MRI studies revealed a 57 × 50 mm irregular and infiltrative upper right kidney mass with necrotic components. A right radical nephrectomy was done. Pathological diagnosis was a high grade tumor originating from just beneath the intact urothelium of renal pelvis and infiltrating through the parenchyma showing solid and occasional tubular growth patterns. A second tumor in close proximity to the first was reported as well differentiated RCC. This is a rare case of combined renal malignancies.