医学生考试焦虑与应对方式的关系研究

目的探讨医科大学生考试焦虑和应对方式的关系,为考试焦虑的干预提供理论依据。方法应用考试焦虑量表（TA S）和应对方式问卷对1983名医学生进行问卷调查,分析考试焦虑和应对方式的关系。结果医学生考试焦虑的检出率为37.7%。高水平焦虑的学生占10.4%。考试焦虑存在性别、年级、专业差异（t=9.181,15.983,9.074;P〈0.01）;不同年级、性别、专业的学生有不同的应对方式。考试焦虑与应对方式的解决问题、求助存在负相关,与自责、幻想、退避、合理化存在显著的正相关（P〈0.01）。医学生考试焦虑与应对方式密切相关,有考试焦虑者多采用消极应对方式,而无考试焦虑者多采用积极应对方式。结论积极应对能缓解考试焦虑,消极应对则反之。在干预应对方式时,应注重培养学生的自信心,减少自责,从而降低学生考试焦虑水平。     

医学生应对方式、考试焦虑与学业自我妨碍的相关研究

目的探讨医学生应对方式、考试焦虑与学业自我妨碍的关系。方法使用简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、考试焦虑诊断问卷(TA S)和自我妨碍问卷(SHS)对医学院394名医学生进行调查。结果医学生在自我妨碍策略的使用上存在性别差异,女生自我妨碍水平高于男生(t=-2.42,P=0.016);积极应对方式对自我妨碍有显著的负向效应(r=-0.12),消极应对方式对自我妨碍产生正向效应(r=0.19);进一步回归分析发现,积极应对、消极应对、女性、自我报告学习成绩、考试焦虑对自我妨碍有36.6%的预测。结论医学生考前应对方式、考试焦虑对学业自我妨碍有一定的影响,应针对各种因素采取有效措施进行预防及干预。     

The Relationship between Coping Styles,Test Anxiety and Academic Self-handicapping in Medical College Students

目的 探讨医学生应对方式、考试焦虑与学业自我妨碍的关系.方法 使用简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、考试焦虑诊断问卷(TAS)和自我妨碍问卷(SHS)对医学院394名医学生进行调查.结果 医学生在自我妨碍策略的使用上存在性别差异,女生自我妨碍水平高于男生(t=-2.42,P=0.016);积极应对方式对自我妨碍有显著的负向效应(r=-0.12),消极应对方式对自我妨碍产生正向效应(r=0.19);进一步回归分析发现,积极应对、消极应对、女性、自我报告学习成绩、考试焦虑对自我妨碍有36.6％的预测.结论 医学生考前应对方式、考试焦虑对学业自我妨碍有一定的影响,应针对各种因素采取有效措施进行预防及干预.     

中国医学生对活体肝脏捐献的态度

背景：了解中国大学生尤其是医学生对人体器官捐献的态度与认知对器官移植事业的发展具有重要的意义。 目的：调查中国医学生对活体肝脏捐献的态度,以及影响这种态度的相关因素。 方法：在中国医科大学临床医学专业随机选取250名学生作为研究对象,按年级进行分层,每年级50人。应用调查问卷评价医学生对活体肝脏捐献的态度及其影响因素。问卷调查采取匿名方式,由受调查者自行填写。使用SPSS统计分析软件,分别应用t检验和χ2检验进行双变量分析。 结果与结论：共回收有效问卷243份,回收率为97.2%。其中13.2%(n=32)的受调查者愿意对非亲属进行活体肝脏捐献,66.3%  (n=161)的学生只愿意捐献给自己的亲属,6.6%(n=16)的学生不愿意捐献给任何人,还有14.0%(n=34)的学生表示不确定。与医学生对活体肝脏捐献的态度有关的因素包括：医学生对捐献家人器官的态度、对尸体器官捐献的态度、对活体肾脏捐献的态度和接受他人捐献的活体肝脏的态度。总体看来,中国的医学生对活体肝脏捐献表示支持。但目前中国的医学生缺乏关于器官捐献和移植的教育,应在医学生的课程中引入这方面的内容。     

器官捐献和移植教育影响医学生认知和态度的系统评价

背景：医务工作人员在器官捐献和移植过程中发挥着重要的作用,但作为未来的医务工作人员-医学生对器官捐献和移植呈现出知识的不足和矛盾的态度。 目的：系统评价器官捐献和移植教育对医学生认知和态度的影响。 方法：检索外文数据库PubMed、WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY、ProQuest Health、Medline、EMbase、中文数据库中国知网、维普及万方数据库,全面检索对医学生进行器官捐献和移植教育的研究,纳入符合标准的文献,应用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心对随机对照试验和类实验性研究文献真实性评价的原则进行评价,以GRADE指南进行质量分级,主要评价结局指标为医学生对器官捐献和移植的认知和态度。 结果与结论：来自3个国家的8篇文献符合纳入标准,1篇为随机对照试验,质量评价为高质量;1篇类实验研究评价为高质量;5篇类实验研究质量评价为中级;1篇类实验研究质量评价为低级。6篇研究评价了教育对医学生知识水平的影响,6篇研究评价了教育对医学生态度的影响。通过系统评价得出运用教育能够提高医学生对器官捐献和移植的认知,改变对器官捐献和移植的态度。由于纳入的文献多为类试验研究,结论有待于高质量的随机对照试验进一步验证。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

某学院医学生艾滋病知识、态度与行为调查

目的了解医学生艾滋病知识、态度和相关行为,为医学院校开展艾滋病健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取咸宁学院医学生共260人,通过匿名自填式问卷调查的方式,对艾滋病知识、态度、行为进行调查。结果医学生艾滋病基本知识的答对率大部分在80%以上,但仍有40%左右的学生不能正确判断蚊虫叮咬能否传播艾滋病。对于共用剃须刀、牙刷能否传播艾滋病的答对率不同年级之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;在对AIDS患者的态度上,80%以上的学生觉得应该对艾滋病患者的隐私保密。回答愿意与感染了艾滋病的同学交往和愿意照顾患有艾滋病的亲属的人数从低到高年级呈上升趋势;在艾滋病相关行为上,80%以上的学生表示怀疑患艾滋病后会选择公立医院就医,但仍有少数同学会选择去私立诊所或自己买药等方式处理。结论大部分医学生对艾滋病的基本知识掌握较好,但对传播途径仍存在一些误区。建议今后在医学生中加强性道德和医学伦理学的教育,引导学生增强自我保护意识,促进他们对AIDS的认识与态度、行为统一。     

某校医学生考试焦虑状况调查

目的了解医学生考试焦虑状况。方法应用考试焦虑量表对204名医学院学生在考前两周进行测试。结果医学生的考试焦虑水平低于广州普通大学生,且女生的考试焦虑状况显著高于男生,不同年级、不同专业在考试焦虑方面无显著差异。结论医学生的考试焦虑水平具有性别显著差异。     

认知态度与医科大学生考试焦虑的关系

目的:探讨认知态度对大学生考试焦虑的影响。方法:采取随机整群抽样的方法,用考试焦虑检查表(TAT)和功能失调性态度问卷(DAS)对680名医科大学生进行问卷调查。结果:大学生考试焦虑的检出率为58.2%;大学生考试焦虑的得分与功能失调性态度呈显著的正相关(P<0.01),其中考试焦虑与DAS总分的相关值达0.41;多元回归分析表明:完美化、依赖性和吸引排斥三种认知态度进入回归方程。结论:考试焦虑的大学生有明显的认知失调性态度,可以通过调整认知来减轻大学生的考试焦虑。     

医学生焦虑与应对方式的相关研究

目的探讨医学生焦虑与应对方式之间的关系,为医学生提供合理适当的心理疏导和咨询帮助,并为医学院校开展心理卫生工作提供参考。方法使用状态—特质焦虑量表和大学生应对方式问卷对232名医学生进行问卷调查。并采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据的录入、整理、统计和分析。结果1男医学生焦虑水平要高于女医学生;2从总体上看,女医学生比男医学生更倾向于选择积极的应对方式;3积极的应对方式与焦虑呈负相关,而消极的应对方式与焦虑呈正相关;4应对方式与焦虑程度有关。结论消极应对方式是引起医学生焦虑的重要心理因素,而积极的应对方式可以缓解医学生的焦虑症状。     

精神病学课程及精神科工作经历对精神疾病态度的影响（英文）

目的:探索针对医学生的精神病学课程及精神科工作经历在改善歧视态度中发挥的作用。方法:采用问卷形式对156名没上过精神病学课程的医学生,161名已完成精神病学课程的医学生及120名精神科医生进行调查,通过协方差分析比较三组人群从四个因素方面对精神疾病的态度。结果:与已完成精神病学课程的医学生及精神科医生相比,未上过精神病学课程的医学生在与精神病人的社交意愿方面表现出更多的歧视和更负面的态度。已完成精神病学课程的大学生与精神科医生的态度不存在显著性的差异。结论:开展规范的精神病学课程有助于提高医学生对精神疾病的病因认识、培养对精神病人积极的态度以及降低歧视。     

如何提高医学院校学生学习医学物理学实验的兴趣

目的:提高医学院校学生学习医学物理学实验的兴趣,使其在科学实验能力和方法上得到系统的训练和培养,为学习后续课程和将来从事专业工作打下坚实的基础。方法:针对目前医学院校学生普遍不重视物理实验的情形,首先使学生认识到医学物理及实验的重要性,医学和物理学的发展相辅相成、相互促进,想学好医学就必须学好医学物理。然后通过改革实验教学内容,尽可能增加与医学有关的实验内容;丰富教学手段,将多媒体与传统教学模式有机结合;注重教师的指导方式,秉承"以学生为主体,教师为主导"的教学理念等手段进行改革。结果:医学生开始重视医学物理实验,并对其产生了较为浓厚的兴趣。结论:通过改革实验教学内容,丰富教学手段及教师的指导方式等方法,调动了学生学习医学物理及实验的积极性,提高了学生学习医学物理实验的兴趣和实验教学质量,使医学物理实验教学收到了事半功倍的效果。     

高校医学新生婚恋观现状调查分析

目的 了解高校医学新生的婚恋观现状,探讨大学新生婚恋观的特点,为学校有针对性地开展婚恋教育提供依据.方法 采用问卷调查法,对高校320名医学新生进行婚恋观调查.结果 高校医学新生恋爱发生率为20.6％,婚恋观较积极,大部分学生认为恋爱是婚姻的前奏,婚姻应该从一而终,双方保持忠诚；当代大学生性观念较为开放,部分学生对婚前...     

Attitudes of medical students and family practice residents toward geriatric patients.

The federal government, as well as teaching institutions, are concerned about the current negative attitudes of doctors, medical students, and paramedical personnel toward the elderly. Increased life expectancy at birth and lowered birth rates are changing the demographics of America. As the number of elderly citizens increases, greater demands are being placed on medical educators to train physicians who can meet the "geriatric imperative." The Institute of Medicine has recommended that comprehensive humanistic medical education in geriatrics be integrated throughout the curricula of medical schools. Research is needed to see if change can be implemented in physician training to improve attitudes toward the elderly. Previous attempts to improve medical students'' attitudes toward the elderly have met with mixed success. Control groups have seldom been used. It is important to determine whether the effects of medical education extends beyond the immediate boundaries of a training curriculum. This article reports the results of a study on negative attitudes toward the elderly among residents, medical students, and physician''s assistant students in the family medicine department at the King/Drew Medical Center in Los Angeles, California.     

Medical students' attitudes towards science and gross anatomy,and the relationship to personality

Assessment of the personalities of medical students can enable medical educators to formulate strategies for the best development of academic and clinical competencies. Previous research has shown that medical students do not share a common personality profile, there being gender differences. We have also shown that, for French medical students, students with personality traits associated with strong competitiveness are selected for admission to medical school. In this study, we further show that the medical students have different personality profiles compared with other student groups (psychology and business studies). The main purpose of the present investigation was to assess attitudes to science and gross anatomy, and to relate these to the students'' personalities. Questionnaires (including Thurstone and Chave analyses) were employed to measure attitudes, and personality was assessed using the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Data for attitudes were obtained for students at medical schools in Cardiff (UK), Paris, Descartes/Sorbonne (France), St George''s University (Grenada) and Ankara (Turkey). Data obtained from personality tests were available for analysis from the Parisian cohort of students. Although the medical students were found to have strongly supportive views concerning the importance of science in medicine, their knowledge of the scientific method/philosophy of science was poor. Following analyses of the BFI in the French students, ‘openness’ and ‘conscientiousness’ were linked statistically with a positive attitude towards science. For anatomy, again strongly supportive views concerning the subject''s importance in medicine were discerned. Analyses of the BFI in the French students did not show links statistically between personality profiles and attitudes towards gross anatomy, except male students with ‘negative affectivity’ showed less appreciation of the importance of anatomy. This contrasts with our earlier studies that showed that there is a relationship between the BF dimensions of personality traits and anxiety towards the dissection room experience (at the start of the course, ‘negative emotionality’ was related to an increased level of anxiety). We conclude that medical students agree on the importance to their studies of both science in general and gross anatomy in particular, and that some personality traits relate to their attitudes that could affect clinical competence.     

《医学物理学》医用物理部分课程内容的整合

课程内容的选择和组织是课程改革的重要组成部分,<医学物理学>医用物理部分是具有医学院校特点的课程内容,是医学物理学课程必不可少的内容,这部分课程内容的整合是医学物理学课程改革的难点.在对其整合时,可在相关经典物理部分的内容之后,将相应的医用物理知识系统的整合到一个专题,采用专题式教学.结合多年的教学实践,选择并组织了适合五年制医学生的医学物理学医用物理部分的课程内容,提出了教学要求,并给出了一定的教学指导性意见.     

Medical students' attitudes toward gay men

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers' attitudes toward sexual minorities influence patient comfort and outcomes. This study characterized medical student attitudes toward gay men, focusing on behavior, personhood, gay civil rights, and male toughness. A cross-sectional web-based anonymous survey was sent to medical students enrolled at the University of California, Davis (N= 371) with a response rate of 68%. RESULTS: Few respondents expressed negative attitudes toward gay men or would deny them civil rights. More negative responses were seen with respect to aspects of intimate behavior and homosexuality as a natural form of sexual expression. Men and students younger than 25 years old were more likely to endorse negative attitudes toward behavior as well as more traditional views on male toughness. CONCLUSIONS: We show that an important minority of students express discomfort with the behavior of gay men and hold to a narrow construction of male identity. These findings suggest that competency training must move beyond conceptual discussions and address attitudes toward behaviors through new pedagogical approaches.     

Medical students' attitudes toward AIDS, homosexual, and intravenous drug-abusing patients: a re-evaluation in New York City

After completing their clinical rotations, 69% of the third-year medical school class at Columbia University responded to a survey based on one originally used by Kelly et al. at the University of Mississippi, to determine their attitudes toward acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, homosexual men, and intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs). Results of this study were compared to the findings of Kelly et al. to determine how, if at all, geographic and environmental exposures affected student attitudes. Unlike the University of Mississippi students, who exhibited a highly negative and prejudiced view of homosexuals and patients with AIDS, Columbia students displayed no evidence of negative attitude toward homosexuals and a much less harsh judgment of AIDS patients. They, however, did have dramatically negative attitudes toward IVDAs; 78.4% stated that they strongly disliked and would avoid this group of patients. There is a complex multi-variable environmental effect on students' attitudes during medical school. It is not possible to generalize attitudes from one medical school to another. The necessity of incorporating activities into student education to evaluate and to reduce prejudice is discussed.     

Longitudinal study: Impact of communication skills training and a traineeship on medical students’ attitudes toward communication skills

ObjectivesTo study longitudinally students’ attitudes towards communication skills (CS) in order to examine whether CS training (CST) has an enduring impact on medical students’ attitudes toward being a lifelong learner of CS.Methods105 students completed the Communication Skills Attitude Scale at 4 times: before CST, after CST and before and after a traineeship.ResultsOur final sample size is 105 students. CST improved the attitudes of our students toward CS, and the traineeship stabilised those attitudes. However, while the improvement in positive attitudes was sustained over time, negative attitudes increased 6 months after CST.ConclusionCST using experiential methods in a safe environment has the potential to improve students’ attitudes towards CS. A short traineeship in general medicine allows students to quickly integrate CST into clinical practice, without deteriorating their attitudes toward CS. However, 6 months of medical lessons without CST reinforces students’ negative attitudes.Practice implicationsTo avoid the deterioration of attitudes over time, CST should be continuous or at least spaced at intervals less than 6 months and supported by the institutional authorities. In addition, placing the CST close to an observation traineeship in general practice seems an interesting way to prevent further deterioration of attitudes.     

不同行为类型医学生考试焦虑程度的比较研究

目的　比较不同行为类型医学生的考试焦虑程度 ,探讨行为类型与考试焦虑的关系。方法　对 1 0 5名在校大学生进行 A型行为问卷的评定后各随机选出 30名作为 A型行为组和 B型行为组 ,运用焦虑自评量表 ( SAS)分别对两组进行平时和考试前 30分钟的焦虑水平的测定。结果　 A型行为组和 B型行为组的考试焦虑分均显著高于平时焦虑分 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,但 A型行为组增高更显著 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,不同行为类型的平时焦虑分比较无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5) ;不同行为类型的考试焦虑分比较存在显著差异 ( P<0 .0 0 1 )。结论　 A型行为类型较之 B型行为类型具有更强烈的考试焦虑反应 ,提示应对 A型行为类型学生积极开展考试焦虑干预     

Attitudes to anatomy dissection in an Irish medical school

Many studies around the world have looked at the stresses placed on medical students by cadaveric dissection. Although these studies have linked the use of cadavers in medical teaching to stress, some investigations have suggested an association with severe psychological stress and even post‐traumatic stress disorder. This study assessed the attitudes of medical and biomedical sciences students in an Irish medical school towards cadaveric dissection by recording, through a questionnaire, their perceptions and experience before initial exposure to dissection and subsequently examining their attitudes after the first dissection and after 9 weeks. Student attitudes towards the dissecting room remained consistently positive for the duration of the study with only a minority of respondents reporting negative symptoms. Pre‐existing attitudes to the idea of dissection were unaffected by exposure and subsequent continuous experience of dissection. The majority of students in this study did not find the dissecting room experience stressful, and considered time spent in the dissecting room valuable. However, the proportion of students with negative experiences in the dissecting room was higher than has been reported in previous studies. Many respondents felt they could be better prepared for the dissecting room experience, indicating an increasing requirement for effective preparatory programmes. Clin. Anat. 22:386–391, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.