儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的听功能评价

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome;OSAHS)儿童的听功能状态。方法选择OSAHS患儿65例（130耳）,根据睡眠呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）分为2组：OSAHS轻度组（10次/h＞AHI≥5次/h）和OSAHS中重度组（AHI≥10次/h）,作为实验组。并选择正常儿童20例（40耳）作为对照组。均行纯音测听、声导抗检查及纤维鼻咽喉镜检查,并对声导抗测试中鼓室导抗图为“A”型耳,进行听觉脑干诱发电位(ABR)和瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAE）检查。与对照组比较,进行统计学分析。结果 OSAHS患儿59例（118耳）正常儿童对照组20例（40耳）进入统计分析;①、125～8000 Hz各频率气导听阈,OSAHS轻度组与对照组比较无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,中重度OSAHS组与对照组比较均有增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②、OSAHS轻度组鼓室压图异常率51.52%（34/66）,OSAHS中重度组鼓室压图异常率62.75%（31/52）,组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),与对照组比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05);③、鼓室导抗图为“A”型的轻度及中重度OSAHS患儿的TEOAE通过率,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。④、鼓室导抗图为“A”型的轻度OSAHS患儿ABR听阈、各波潜伏期和波间期与对照组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);鼓室导抗图为“A”型的中重度OSAHS患儿波Ⅰ、Ⅴ潜伏期及波Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期比对照组延长,Ⅴ波反应阈亦较对照组提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。⑤、鼓室压曲线异常分别与语言频率平均听阈、腺样体肥大程度、AHI、最低血氧饱和度相关;⑥、对鼓室压图为“A”型的53耳及对照组40耳进行Logis-tic回归分析：腺样体肥大及AHI是OSAHS患儿耳蜗及听觉神经通路损害的危险因素。结论儿童OSAHS易出现中耳功能异常导致的传导性听力损失,同时中重度OSAHS患者还可能出现缺氧导致的耳蜗及听觉脑干的损害。     

72例新生儿的声导抗图形分析

目的分别用226、678、1000Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试分析72例新生儿的中耳功能状态。方法使用GSITympstar中耳分析仪，对年龄在0～1月的72例新生儿（144耳）进行226、678、1000Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试，测试异常可疑者再行颞骨薄层CT检查以明确有无中耳积液。结果226Hz探测音鼓室声导抗图形均为“A型”，其中单峰型图形41．7％（60／144），双峰型图形58.3％（84／144）；678Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试显示异常图形有39耳，1000Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试显示异常图形有9耳，声导抗测试异常可疑者23例（双耳异常者18例，单耳异常者5例）再行颞骨薄层CT检查，结果显示其中8耳存在中耳腔内积液。结论226Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试不能准确地反映正常新生儿的中耳功能状态；678Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试诊断的敏感性较好，但特异性较差；1000Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试诊断的敏感性及特异性最佳。     

125例新生儿的鼓室导抗测试结果分析

目的 比较226、678、1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试对新生儿中耳功能评估的意义.方法 使用GSI Tympstar中耳分析仪.对125例(250耳)新生儿进行226、678、1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试,结果异常或可疑者再行颞骨薄层CT检查明确有无中耳积液.结果 226 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图有1耳为As型,其余耳均为A型,其中单峰型占43.2%(108/250),双峰型占56.8%(142/250);678 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图异常者有74耳,其中65耳为B型,4耳为As型.5耳为C型.1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图异常者有35耳,其中26耳为B型,5耳为As型,4耳为C型,声导抗测试异常或可疑者43例(86耳)颞骨薄层CT检查显示30耳存在中耳腔积液.结论 226 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试不能反映新生儿的中耳功能;678 Hz探测音鼓室导抗测试评估中耳功能的敏感性较好,但特异性较差;1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试评估中耳功能的敏感性及特异性最佳.     

唇腭裂患儿中耳功能分析

目的：分析唇腭裂患儿的中耳功能。方法对71例（142耳）（单侧完全性腭裂40例80耳,单侧不完全性腭裂31例62耳）婴幼儿期唇腭裂患儿行腭裂修补术前行声导抗检查,术中先行鼓膜切开置管术,后行腭裂修补术,所有患耳均在鼓膜前下切口,如果有鼓室积液,则延长切口并置入小号鼓膜通气管,记录有无鼓室积液,比较完全性及不完全性腭裂患儿中耳功能及分泌性中耳炎的发生率。结果71例142耳中,B型鼓室导抗图110耳（77．46％,110／142）,术中见鼓室积液103耳（93．46％,103／110）;C型鼓室导抗图18耳（12．68％,18／142）,术中见有鼓室积液16耳（88．89％,16／18）;A型鼓室导抗图14耳（9．99,14／142）,术中见有鼓室积液8耳（57．14％,8／14）;本组患儿中耳积液总发生率为97．18％（69／71例）或89．44％（127／142耳）。完全性腭裂与不完全性腭裂两组鼓室积液耳分别为75耳（93．75％,75／80）和52耳（83．87％,52／62）,差异无统计学意义（ P＝0．057）。结论鼓室导抗图B或C型的唇腭裂患儿中耳积液的发生率高,在早期行腭裂修补术同期行鼓膜置管术,可最大程度地降低听力损失导致的不良后果。     

鼓室导抗测试法（上）

鼓室导抗测试法（上）钟乃川鼓室导抗测试法是声导抗测试法中的重要组成部分，是测量外耳道压力变化过程中的声导抗值。其图形，即为鼓室导抗图。通过对鼓膜、中耳系统声能传递过程变化的测量，了解中耳功能状态、传音性听力障碍之特征，它是临床听力学测试中，不能用其它...     

腺样体肥大患儿鼓室导抗图与分泌性中耳炎的关系探讨北大核心CSCD

目的探讨腺样体肥大患儿的不同鼓室导抗图与分泌性中耳炎的关系。方法回顾性分析2009年1月～2011年6月收治的328例腺样体肥大患儿的临床资料,分析统计分泌性中耳炎的发病例（耳）数及声导抗测试诊断分泌性中耳炎的阳性率。结果328例腺样体肥大患儿中有104例（169耳）最终经鼓膜穿刺或鼓膜置管确诊为分泌性中耳炎（31．71％,104／328）,其中鼓室导抗图为B型者89例152耳,最终确诊为分泌性中耳炎者为86例147耳。阳性率为96．71％（147／152）;鼓室导抗图为C型（负压在～150daPa以上）者33例49耳,最终确诊为分泌性中耳炎者为16例20耳,阳性率为40．82％（20／49）;鼓室导抗图为As型者2例2耳最终均确诊为分泌性中耳炎。结论腺样体肥大患儿无论有无听力下降主诉,均应行声导抗测试,B型鼓室导抗图对鼓室积液判断的准确率最高,c型次之,As型也有鼓室积液的可能。     

AABR筛查通过的低月龄婴儿耳声发射和1000Hz声导抗检测结果分析

目的分析自动听性脑干反应(AABR)筛查通过的低月龄婴儿的耳声发射和1 000Hz声导抗测试的结果,探讨两者联合应用评估低月龄婴儿中耳功能的价值。方法对68例136耳AABR听力筛查通过的0～6月龄婴儿行TEOAE、DPOAE、1 000Hz声导抗测试,并对结果进行分析。结果①68例136耳中,TEOAE通过89耳(65.44%),DPOAE通过90耳(66.18%),1 000Hz声导抗检查中鼓室导抗图为A型74耳,D型22耳,As型15耳,B型16耳,C型4耳,其他型5耳;②在A型和D型鼓室导抗图婴儿中,DPOAE和TEOAE通过率无明显差异(P>0.05),鼓室导抗图异常的婴儿中,DPOAE通过率低于TEOAE(P<0.05);③随着月龄的增大,TEOAE通过率有下降趋势,DPOAE通过率与正常鼓室导抗图比例在1～3月龄较低。结论部分AABR听力筛查通过的婴儿存在中耳功能异常,DPOAE对中耳病变的检出优于TEOAE;1 000Hz声导抗联合DPOAE检测对低月龄婴儿的中耳功能评估有重要的参考价值。     

腺样体肥大儿童的中耳功能评估

目的探讨腺样体肥大对儿童中耳功能的影响。方法回顾性分析272例（544耳）腺样体肥大患儿的临床资料,患儿年龄2～12岁,平均6．3岁,分为主诉无听力下降组（A组）94例（188耳）和主诉有听力下降组（B组）178例（356耳）,均于腺样体摘除术前行鼓膜镜、声导抗和中耳CT检查。结果CT显示272例（544耳）中有鼓室积液209例（396耳）（72．79％,396／544）,其中,A组37例（65耳）,占34．57％（65／188）,B组172例（331耳）,占92．98％（331／356）,以上均经手术证实鼓室有积液;两组中B型鼓室导抗图377耳,其中,经CT及手术证实鼓室有积液的共373耳（98．94％,373／377）,其中A组61耳（93．85％,61／65）,B组312耳（100％,312／312）,B组B型鼓室图对中耳积液的阳性预测值高于A组（P〈0．01）;C型鼓室导抗图73耳中,峰压值小于-200daPa的14耳及镫骨肌反射未引出的51耳中23耳经CT及手术证实鼓室有积液,镫骨肌反射可引出的22耳鼓室均无积液。CT发现B组有2例（4耳）前庭水管扩大和1例（2耳）耳蜗畸形。结论对于腺样体肥大儿童．B型鼓事导抗图对中耳积液的预测值高,C型鼓室导抗图峰压值负于-200daPa不排除鼓室积液,应以CT作最终确认。     

负压型鼓室导抗图诊断成人鼓室积液的研究

目的:探讨负压型鼓室导抗图对成人鼓室积液的诊断价值.方法:采用美国GSI-Tympstar Ⅱ型中耳分析仪,对所有疑似分泌性中耳炎的成人患者行声导抗检查,包括鼓室导抗图峰压、宽度、中耳共振频率及镫骨肌反射,选择其中为负压型鼓室导抗图的207耳行鼓膜穿刺,根据穿刺积液量将患耳分为无积液组(123耳)、少量积液组(45耳)及多量积液组(39耳),分别就3组患者的声导抗指标及同侧镫骨肌反射引出情况进行统计学分析.结果:无积液组的鼓室导抗图峰压、中耳共振频率与少量积液组和多量积液组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);无积液组鼓室导抗图宽度与多量积液组之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);3组间的同侧镫骨肌反射引出情况均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01).结论:鼓室导抗图峰压、宽度,中耳共振频率结合同侧镫骨肌反射对判断成人负压型鼓室导抗图的鼓室有无积液具有诊断价值.     

OSAHS儿童缺氧程度对中耳功能影响的初步探讨

目的探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)缺氧程度对中耳功能的影响。方法对144例(288耳)OSAHS患儿行多导睡眠监测(PSG)及声导抗检查,分析不同程度最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)和呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)的OSAHS患者声导抗异常率。结果 144例(288耳)OSAHS患儿中,74例轻度LSaO2患者中声导抗异常21例(28.38%),28例中度LSaO2患者中声导抗异常11例(39.29%),42例重度LSaO2患者中声导抗异常16例(38.10%),不同程度LSaO2患者的声导抗异常率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);60例轻度AHI的患者中声导抗异常21例(35.0%),50例中度AHI的患者中声导抗异常14例(28.0%),34例重度AHI的患者中声导抗异常13例(38.24%),不同程度AHI患儿的声导抗异常率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论本组不同缺氧程度的OSAHS患儿的中耳功能无显著差异。     

Physiotherapy of Eustachian tube dysfunction in adults--preliminary report

The paper presents preliminary results of Eustachian tube dysfunction treatment with the use of vibroaerosols in adult patients. 21 patients aged 16-73 y.o. (mean age 49 y.o) have been included in the study. The treatment included inhalation of medicines individually selected for the patient, based on the results of the physical examination. The patients have been divided into 2 groups, depending on the type of tympanogram. Group I included patients with type A tympanogram and abnormal Eustachian tube patency test result. Group II comprised of patients with type B or C tympanogram and abnormal Eustachian tube patency test result. After treatment, subjective improvement has been observed in 88.9% of the ears, objective improvement in 61.5% of the ears. In group II, objective improvement observed by the change of tympanogram has been observed in 85% of ears. Lack of correlation between objective and subjective improvement have been observed in 26% of the ears. In 11.1% of the ears no benefit from treatment has been observed. The correlation between subjective and objective improvement has been observed in 74% of ears. It appears that treatment with the use of vibroaerosols is beneficial for patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction.     

咽鼓管-鼓室气流动态法对咽鼓管异常开放症的诊断价值

目的 :探讨咽鼓管异常开放症的检测方法。方法 :比较鼓室导抗图法、Morim itsu法和咽鼓管 -鼓室气流动态法 (TTAG法 )检测 2 0耳咽鼓管异常开放症患者的阳性率。结果 :鼓室导抗图法阳性者 5耳 ,阳性率 2 5 % ,Morim itsu法阳性者 12耳 ,阳性率 6 0 % ,TTAG法阳性者 2 0耳 ,阳性率 10 0 %。结论 :TTAG法是诊断和随访咽鼓管异常开放症最有价值的手段。     

Normal tympanometric gradient: a comparison of three methods

Tympanograms were obtained from 166 ears of 83 college students with normal middle ear function. Three measures of gradient were determined for each tympanogram: Gdif, Gratio, and GdP. Each gradient measure was evaluated for its potential usefulness in discriminating between ears with and without effusion. Gdif was found to be a fairly poor choice for gradient. Because it correlated so highly with static admittance, little additional information would be gained about tympanogram shape. The two other measures, Gratio and GdP, appeared to be roughly equivalent and would be preferred over Gdif as measures of tympanogram shape.     

声反射在成人分泌性中耳炎中的诊断价值

目的提高耳科门诊成人分泌性中耳炎中耳积液的检出率,探讨声反射在协助诊断分泌性中耳炎是否伴有中耳积液中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析耳鼻咽喉科门诊169例确诊为分泌性中耳炎伴有中耳积液的成年患者的临床资料,并对听力正常与听力下降患者的鼓室图、同侧声反射及纯音测听等资料进行对比。结果169例(237耳)经鼓膜穿刺证实为中耳积液的患者中,223耳(94.1%)未引出声反射,14耳(5.9%)引出声反射;鼓室图异常200耳(84.4%),正常者37耳(15.6%);216耳(91.1%)有传导性听力下降,21耳(8.9%)听力正常。不论听力是否下降,同侧声反射的未引出率均高于异常鼓室图的概率(P<0.05);在不同听力及不同类型鼓室图中,声反射的未引出率没有差异(P>0.05),具有无创、快捷及客观等优点,能更好的帮助临床工作者评估分泌性中耳炎的疗效及预后。结论声反射能协助提高成人分泌性中耳炎伴中耳积液的检出率,具有无创、快速及客观等优点,能更好地帮助临床工作者评估分泌性中耳炎的疗效及预后。     

Distortion product otoacoustic emission together with tympanometry for assessing otitis media with effusion in children

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) together with tympanometry in assessing otitis media with effusion in children.

Methods: Three hundred and thirty-nine patients, who were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and prepared to undergo adenotonsillectomy and had a unilateral or bilateral type ‘B’ or ‘C’ tympanogram were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the following four groups: Group 1, type ‘B’ tympanogram with positive DPOAE; Group 2, type ‘B’ tympanogram with negative DPOAE; Group 3, type ‘C’ tympanogram with positive DPOAE and Group 4, type ‘C’ tympanogram with negative DPOAE.

Results: Tympanometry showed a type ‘B’ pattern in 467 ears and type ‘C’ pattern in 163 ears. Among 163 ears with type ‘C’ tympanogram, negative DPOAE results were seen in 96 ears. Group 4 (56/96) had a significant high rate of middle ear effusion than Group 3 (14/67) (p?Conclusions: DPOAE could be a great help in screening for middle ear effusion in patients with a type ‘C’ tympanogram.     

Could the presence of a Carhart notch predict the presence of glue at myringotomy?

The Carhart notch is a dip in the bone conduction at 2000 Hz without a corresponding dip in the air conduction. The main objective of this study was to establish how reliable is the presence of the Carhart notch in a preoperative audiogram in predicting the presence of glue at myringotomy. A prospective study has been carried out in 50 children presenting with glue ear to find out the association between the Carhart notch and the presence of glue at myringotomy. Children were seen before the operation and an audiogram and tympanogram were carried out. Myringotomy was carried out in 95 ears and the presence or absence of glue was recorded. The significance of the air-bone gap and the type of tympanogram in predicting a middle ear effusion were also examined. The audiograms of 37 ears showed a Carhart notch; of these, 36 ears were noted to have glue ear. The correlation between the presence of a Carhart notch in the preoperative audiogram and the presence of glue at myringotomy was found to be significant (P < 0.001) (chi-square test). Using the decision rule that the presence of a Carhart notch predicts the presence of glue, the following operating characteristics were determined: correct, 83 ears (87.4%); false positive, one ear (1.1%); false negative, 11 ears (11.6%). The presence of a Carhart notch was found to be a strong predictor of the presence of glue at myringotomy.     

Influence of the relapse and remission periods on hearing status in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is characterized by the onset of NS (Nephrotic Syndrome) without systemic disease, hypocomplementemia, or other serious signs of renal disease. Hearing status is not very well known in MCNS. Our objective was to address this question and to find out remission and relapse periods of the syndrome would affect the hearing of the patients. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Otologic status of 26 children with clinical MCNS was investigated in relapse and remission periods using audiometry and tympanometry. The pure tones that were obtained at the frequencies 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 6000 Hz were noted. Pure tone averages (PTAs) were calculated at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz frequencies. RESULTS: In both remission and relapse periods, PTA of the patients did not change and was 13 dB. The frequency specific pure tone results were not significantly different between the right and left ears of the patients as well as between the remission and relapse periods (p > 0.05). In the relapsing and remission periods, type A tympanogram was encountered in 86.4% and 92.3% of the ears, respectively. Type B tympanogram was encountered in 11.5% and 3.8% of the ears in the relapsing and remission periods, respectively. Type C tympanogram was encountered in 3.8% of the ears both in the relapsing and remission periods. Differences between the tympanometry results were not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: MCNS in childhood is not associated with an alteration in the hearing status, both in remission and relapse periods of the disease.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患儿分泌性中耳炎发病分析

目的分析小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructivesleepapneasyndrome,OSAS)群体中伴发分泌性中耳炎(otitismediawitheffusion,OME的发病情况。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2004年5月在我科住院治疗的OSAS患儿260例中伴发OME的发病情况、声导抗、多导睡眠监测检查结果及其治疗方法。103例(130耳)行鼓室穿刺术,27例患儿(35耳)行鼓膜置管术。结果260例小儿OSAS病例中伴OME130例(165耳),睡眠呼吸暂停和低通气指数(apneahypopneaindex,AHI)与腺样体肥大程度有相关性,腺样体病理性肥大者中重度OSAS病例数明显高于腺样体中度肥大者。AHI与不同类型鼓室图未发现有明显的相关性。结论小儿OSAS群体中伴发OME的发病率较高,对OSAS小儿常规进行声导抗检查是十分必要的。     

Could the presence of a Carhart notch predict the presence of glue at myringotomy?

Could the presence of a Carhart notch predict the presence of glue at myringotomy? The Carhart notch is a dip in the bone conduction at 2000 Hz without a corresponding dip in the air conduction. The main objective of this study was to establish how reliable is the presence of the Carhart notch in a preoperative audiogram in predicting the presence of glue at myringotomy. A prospective study has been carried out in 50 children presenting with glue ear to find out the association between the Carhart notch and the presence of glue at myringotomy. Children were seen before the operation and an audiogram and tympanogram were carried out. Myringotomy was carried out in 95 ears and the presence or absence of glue was recorded. The significance of the air–bone gap and the type of tympanogram in predicting a middle ear effusion were also examined. The audiograms of 37 ears showed a Carhart notch; of these, 36 ears were noted to have glue ear. The correlation between the presence of a Carhart notch in the preoperative audiogram and the presence of glue at myringotomy was found to be significant (P < 0.001) (chi‐square test). Using the decision rule that the presence of a Carhart notch predicts the presence of glue, the following operating characteristics were determined: correct, 83 ears (87.4%); false positive, one ear (1.1%); false negative, 11 ears (11.6%). The presence of a Carhart notch was found to be a strong predictor of the presence of glue at myringotomy.     

听力正常新生儿1000Hz声导抗分析

目的 分析通过耳声发射(OAE)听力筛查正常新生儿1000 Hz声导抗测试的特点,为新生儿听力筛查及新生儿中耳功能的评估提供参考依据.方法 采用GSI-70型自动耳声发射听力筛查仪对新生儿进行听力筛查,将双耳通过OAE听力筛查的正常新生儿按照纳入标准选为研究对象,共650例(1300耳),然后采用GSI TympStar VersionⅡ中耳分析仪对该研究对象进行中耳功能测试,收集探测音为1000 Hz的鼓室导抗图及其相关指标,对图形进行分型并计算各指标的95％医学参考值范围.结果 将纳入的1300耳的鼓室导抗图分类,其中1Y1B1G型732耳(占56.3％)、1Y3B1G型145耳(占11.2％)、0Y0B0G型269耳(占20.7％)、其他154耳(占11.8％).其中声导纳图Y中单峰型有967耳,计算单峰型声导纳图Y各指标的95％医学参考值范围,其中鼓室图峰压(tympanometric peak pressure,Tpp)为- 55.0～180.0 daPa、峰补偿静态声导纳值(peak compensated static acoustic admittance,Peak Ytm)为0.03 ～1.18 mmHo、鼓室图宽度(tympanometric width,TW)为70.0～230.0 daPa.结论 通过OAE听力筛查的正常新生儿1000 Hz探测音的声导纳图Y以单峰型为主.1000 Hz探测音的单峰型声导纳图Y的Tpp、Peak Ytm、TW的95％医学参考值范围可作为新生儿听力筛查及新生儿中耳功能评估时的参考依据.