前置胎盘产妇实施心理护理干预对焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响

目的研究并分析前置胎盘产妇实施心理护理干预对焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。方法将我院接收的前置胎盘产妇40例选为研究对象,以不同的护理方法作为分组依据,共分为两组:对照组20例,行常规护理干预;研究组20例,行心理护理干预,观察比较这两种护理方法对患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。结果干预后研究组的焦虑、抑郁评分低于对照组,即研究组的心理情况更优,两组比较差异有统计意义(P <0.05)。结论前置胎盘产妇实施心理护理干预可有效改善患者焦虑、抑郁情绪,值得推广。     

综合护理干预和常规护理在预防产妇产后出血中的价值对比

目的探讨分析综合护理干预和常规护理在预防产妇产后出血中的价值。方法选取2015年6月～2017年8月在我院进行分娩的172例产妇,将其按照随机数字表法分为两组,均为86例。其中对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组的基础上增加综合护理干预,统计对比两组产妇的相关临床数据。结果对比两组产妇的抑郁和焦虑心理变化情况,护理干预前两组产妇的抑郁和焦虑得分差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),护理干预完成后观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);对比两组产妇产后2h和24h的出血量以及产后出血发生情况,观察组产后2h和24h的出血量、产后出血发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论对产妇应用综合护理干预,可以有效改善产妇的心理状况,降低产后2h和24h的出血量,减少产后出血发生,值得推广和应用。     

心理干预在留守产妇住院分娩中的应用及体会

目的探讨心理干预在留守产妇住院分娩中的作用及体会。方法选择2010年7月至2012年7月产科留守产妇348例,分为观察组和对照组各174例。对照组采用常规护理方法,观察组在常规护理基础上,于产前、产后进行心理干预治疗,通过观察护理前后两组产妇的焦虑抑郁评分、产后出血量、自然分娩率和对护理的满意度来评价分析心理干预的应用疗效。结果在焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分方面,两组产妇护理前评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组产妇护理后评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;在分娩方式和产后2h出血量方面,观察组产妇自然顺产率明显高于对照组,产后2h的出血量也明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论治疗组常规护理结合心理干预的护理方法对改善产妇焦虑抑郁状况有良好疗效,同时能提高临床自然分娩率．减少产后2h的阴道出血量．提高了临床分娩质量和母婴健康安全。     

产妇心理状况对产后出血的影响及护理干预作用分析

目的 探讨产妇心理状况对产后出血的影响及护理干预对降低产后出血率的影响。方法 将本院2011年12月~2013年1月收治的91例待产产妇作为观察组,将2010年11月~2011年11月收治的103例待产产妇作为对照组,对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予有效的心理干预,比较两组产妇心理状况、产后出血发生率及产后出血量。结果 护理干预后,观察组焦虑、抑郁评分明显低于对照组,剖宫产率、产后出血发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05),产后2、24 h平均出血量显少于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 有效的心理干预可明显改善产妇的不良情绪,降低剖宫产率及产后出血发生率,减少产后出血量,有利于促进产妇身心健康。     

针对性护理干预对宫缩乏力性产后出血产妇产后康复的影响分析

目的 对宫缩乏力性产后出血产妇实施针对性护理对其产后康复所发挥的影响。方法 对2020年1月至2022年1月来我院治疗的160例病例（宫缩乏力性产后出血）以抽签法分为观察组（80例）和对照组（80例）。分别实施针对性护理和常规护理,对不同护理之后两组产妇的康复情况进行比较。结果 (1)与对照组相比,观察组的止血时间更短,产后24 h内出血量更少,差异存在统计学意义（P <0.05）。(2)两组宫缩乏力性产后出血产妇在接受护理干预之前均存在一定的焦虑、抑郁心理,SAS及SDS评分均高于正常范围,但组间相比差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）,实施护理干预之后,两组产妇焦虑抑郁心理均得到缓解,SAS及SDS评分均出现明显下降,而在下降幅度方面,组间比较观察组明显比对照组更优（P <0.05）。两组宫缩乏力性产后出血产妇在护理干预之前各项生活质量评分均比较低下,组间比较差异不显著（P> 0.05）,护理干预之后两组宫缩乏力性产后出血产妇生活质量评分都得到了提高（P <0.05）,组间比较,观察组产妇各项生活质量评分上升幅度更大（P <0.05）;对两组宫缩乏...     

前置胎盘剖宫产的护理措施

目的：分析前置胎盘剖宫产的护理措施。方法选取122例前置胎盘剖宫产患者,随机分为两组,各61例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组患者采用护理干预,比较两组患者实施护理后产后出血情况。结果对照组产后出血率为24.6%,观察组产后出血率为6.6%,观察组患者的产后出血率明显低于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在实施前置胎盘剖宫产时,给予产妇必要的护理干预,可减少出血率,提高患者母婴生命质量,应用效果显著。     

产妇产时及产后出血护理中综合护理干预的应用效果分析

目的研究分析综合护理干预对产妇产时与产后出血的应用效果。方法随机挑选我院2016年8月至2017年8月期间产时与产后出血产妇180例。采用随机抛硬币的方式将患者均分对照组和观察组。对照组产妇采用常规性护理方法,观察组产妇应用种蘑菇和护理干预。比较不同护理措施的临床应用效果。结果观察组产妇产后护理满意度为96.7%,对照组产妇护理满意度为81.7%,两组产妇临床护理满意度差异显著(P <0.05);比较分析两组产妇整个产程出血量、焦虑与抑郁程度,观察组产妇具有显著的优势,差异符合统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论为产时与产后出血产妇提供综合护理干预,可明显减少产妇分娩出血量,降低产妇产后焦虑与抑郁程度,提高临床护理满意度,可在临床上推广应用。     

护理干预对前置胎盘期待疗法的提高效果观察

目的探讨护理干预对前置胎盘期待疗法提高效果。方法选取2013年1月~2014年6月我院产科收治80例前置胎盘患者随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予护理干预,比较两组患者妊娠结局和患者满意度。结果观察组孕妇产后出血量、产褥期感染及孕周均优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组新生儿体重、Apgar评分及发生呼吸窘迫综合征发生情况均优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者满意度为95.00%明显高于对照组77.50%满意度,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论前置胎盘期待疗法运用护理干预,可减少患者产后出血和产褥感染,延长患者孕周,提高新生儿出生质量,具有显著临床应用效果,值得在临床中推广应用。     

综合护理干预对产妇心理状态及产后出血的影响

目的：研究分析综合护理干预对产妇心理状态及产后出血的影响。方法：以双盲对照的方式将2013年3月-2015年7月本院收治的73例产妇分为干预组（n=36）和常规组（n=37）,常规组按照常规护理流程和要求予以护理,干预组结合产妇自身实际情况和护理服务需求予以综合护理干预,对两组产妇护理后心理状态及产后出血情况进行观察比较。结果：和常规组相比,干预组产妇护理后焦虑评分、抑郁评分明显要低,且产后出血量和产后出血发生率少,两组数据比较,具有明显的统计学意义,即P＜0.05。结论：施予综合护理干预,对于产妇不良心理状态的改善和产后出血发生的减少有着重要作用,有利于产妇顺利完成分娩。     

康复护理干预在阴道分娩产后出血中的效果观察

目的观察在阴道分娩产后出血中采用康复护理干预取得的临床效果。方法90例阴道分娩产妇,按照随机数表分组法分为对照组与观察组,每组45例。对照组产妇予以常规护理措施,观察组产妇实施康复护理干预方法。对比两组产妇的护理满意度,产后出血率产后2、12、24 h出血量,汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分。结果观察组护理满意度为95.6%(43/45),高于对照组的75.6%(34/45),差异具有统计学意义(χ²=7.283,P<0.05)。观察组产妇产后出血率低于对照组,产后2、12、24 h出血量均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后,两组产妇的HAMD与HAMA评分均较护理前降低,且观察组产妇HAMD评分(10.5±2.2)分、HAMA评分(10.3±3.2)分低于对照组的(18.3±2.4)、(18.9±3.4)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将康复护理干预应用于阴道分娩产后出血的产妇中,可明显减少产后出血量,降低产后出血率,调整产妇的情绪状态,有助于提高护理满意度。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.