甲泼尼龙序贯疗法治疗肾病综合征疗效分析

目的分析静滴-口服甲泼尼龙序贯疗法治疗肾病综合征疗效。方法 36例肾病综合征患者随机分成静滴-口服甲泼尼龙序贯疗法组(治疗组)43例和口服甲泼尼龙组(对照组)43例,进行疗效分析。结果治疗组治疗效果与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,但水肿消退时间和尿蛋白转阴时间治疗组比对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义。结论静滴-口服甲泼尼龙序贯疗法能快速缓解肾病综合征,缩短尿蛋白转阴时间,值得推广。     

不同种类糖皮质激素治疗儿童原发性肾病综合征的回顾性研究

摘 要 目的：了解两种糖皮质激素治疗儿童原发性肾病综合征的疗效及不良反应。方法：采用回顾性分析方法,收集吉林大学第一医院2017年1月～2018年1月收治的原发性肾病综合征患儿病例资料,依据临床治疗方案不同分为泼尼松治疗组（35例）和甲泼尼龙治疗组（30例）。比较两组患儿的临床症状、治疗效应及不良反应。 结果：两组患儿激素反应（敏感、耐药、依赖）差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。对于激素敏感和依赖的患儿,甲泼尼龙组尿蛋白转阴时间短于泼尼松组（P＜0.05）。两组患儿的感染症状不良反应差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：甲泼尼龙对于原发性儿童肾病综合征的诱导缓解优于泼尼松,但在不良反应方面尚需进一步研究。     

低分子肝素治疗儿童原发性肾病综合征疗效分析

目的：探讨小剂量低分子肝素治疗儿童原发性肾病综合征的疗效。方法：将符合条件的48例原发性肾病综合征患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予低分子肝素治疗,并与对照组进行对照,比较尿蛋白转阴时间及转阴率。结果：小剂量低分子肝素治疗原发性肾病综合征能提高尿蛋白转阴率,且尿蛋白转阴时间及水肿消退时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：小剂量低分子肝素能提高原发性肾病综合征的尿蛋白转阴率及水肿消退时间,且临床无明显不良反应,值得临床推广应用。     

甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合氨溴索静滴治疗急性毛细支气管炎45例疗效评价

目的:评价甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合氨溴索静滴治疗急性毛细支气管炎患儿的效果。方法:选取2019年1月至2020年4月周口市第一人民医院接收的88例急性毛细支气管炎患儿作为研究对象行回顾性分析,其中接受氨溴索静滴治疗的43例患儿作为对照组,接受甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合氨溴索静滴治疗的45例患儿作为观察组,统计对比两组临床疗效、症状改善状况(哮鸣音消退时间、喘憋消退时间、咳嗽消退时间)以及不良反应状况。结果:观察组总有效率(93.33%)明显高于对照组(76.74%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组哮鸣音消退时间、喘憋消退时间、咳嗽消退时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合氨溴索静滴治疗急性毛细支气管炎患儿效果确切,可明显改善临床症状。     

甲泼尼龙与泼尼松治疗肾病综合征合并乙型肝炎的疗效及安全性比较

目的 比较甲泼尼龙与泼尼松治疗肾病综合征合并乙型肝炎的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选取肾病综合征合并乙型肝炎患者66例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组33例.对照组于清晨顿服泼尼松,观察组顿服甲泼尼龙.比较两组患者的临床疗效及肝损害不良反应的发生情况.结果 治疗后两组患者的各指标均比治疗前明显改善(均P＜0.05);观察组的总有效率(93.94％)高于对照组(84.85％)(x2=1.44,P＞0.05);观察组HBV-DNA转阴率显著高于对照组(x2=4.69,P＜0.05);观察组患者肝损害作用显著低于对照组(t =5.62,5.13,P＜0.05).结论 甲泼尼龙与泼尼松均能有较治疗肾病综合征合并乙型肝炎,但甲泼尼龙的效果优于泼尼松,对患者肝损害作用较轻.     

中西医结合治疗小儿原发性肾病综合征32例疗效观察

目的探讨小儿原发性肾病综合征中西医结合治疗的临床疗效。方法选取本院2007年10月至2010年8月收治的小儿原发性肾病综合征患者64例,随机分为两组,采用纯西医治疗患儿32例为对照组,采用中西医结合治疗患儿32例为观察组,治疗6个月后比较两组患者的临床指标。结果观察组水肿消退时间和尿蛋白转阴时间均明显小于对照组,观察组近期临床疗效总有效率和远期临床疗效总有效率均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合治疗小儿原发性肾病综合征临床疗效显著,可以明显缩短治疗时间,是一种安全有效的治疗方法,值得临床推广使用。     

他克莫司与大剂量甲泼尼龙冲击治疗婴幼儿激素耐药型肾病综合征的疗效及安全性

目的:比较他克莫司与大剂量甲泼尼龙冲击治疗婴幼儿激素耐药型肾病综合征的疗效及安全性,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:选择2014年1月至2017年4月在海口市第三人民医院肾内科接受治疗的50例激素耐药型肾病综合征患儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各25例。对照组患儿采用甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,观察组患儿采用他克莫司口服治疗,比较两组患儿的疗效、不良反应及复发情况等。结果:观察组患儿总缓解率、完全缓解率均高于对照组(χ2分别为6.522及10.659,P<0.05)。 随访6个月,两组患儿尿蛋白定量均减少,且治疗1、3、6个月观察组患儿尿蛋白定量均少于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗12个月后观察组患儿T淋巴细胞计数均下降(P<0.05),而12个月与6个月比较T淋巴细胞计数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患 儿的感染率及复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:他克莫司治疗婴幼儿激素耐药型肾病综合征具有良好的临床疗 效,且复发情况少、药物安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

黄芪联合低分子肝素治疗小儿原发性肾病综合征的效果分析

目的探讨黄芪联合低分子肝素治疗小儿原发性肾病综合征的临床疗效。方法选取我院2012年4月—2014年4月收治的原发性肾病综合征患儿78例。将患儿随机分为对照组和观察组,每组39例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用黄芪与低分子肝素治疗。观察两组患儿临床疗效及治疗前后的肾功能指标：尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）,血脂：三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）,血浆清蛋白（ALB）及24h尿蛋白定量的变化情况;同时比较两组患儿水肿消退时间及不良反应情况。结果观察组总缓解率为95.0%（37/39）,高于对照组的79.5%（31/39）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组治疗后ALB高于对照组,BUN、Scr、TG、TC及24h尿蛋白定量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组水肿消退时间为（7.1±3.2）d,短于对照组的（14.2±5.7）d;两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组出现2例皮下注射部位瘀斑,不影响治疗;对照组1例下肢静脉栓塞,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论黄芪联合低分子肝素治疗小儿原发性肾病综合征的临床疗效显著,可明显降低血脂,改善肾功能,减轻临床症状。     

甲泼尼龙注射液治疗肾病综合征的临床观察

目的探讨用甲泼尼龙注射液对严重低蛋白血症并严重水肿肾病综合征（NS）患者的临床疗效。方法将42例NS（严重低蛋白血症并严重水肿者）患者随机分为口服泼尼松片组（对照组）22例及用甲泼尼龙注射液组（治疗组）20例,观察两组血白蛋白升高时间、尿蛋白减少、尿量增多及水肿消退时间。结果用甲泼尼龙注射液组血白蛋白升高时间、尿蛋白减少、尿量增多及水肿消退时间均比口服泼尼松片组显著缩短（P〈0.01）。结论严重低蛋白血症并严重水肿的肾病综合征患者在治疗的初始阶段用甲泼尼龙注射液比口服泼尼松片起效迅速且安全性高。     

静脉免疫球蛋白联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗重症手足口病的疗效观察

目的探讨静脉免疫球蛋白联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗重症手足口病的临床疗效。方法将160例重症手足口病患儿随机分为两组,A组治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予静脉免疫球蛋白（IVIG）联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠用药,B组对照组在常规治疗基础上加用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠。用药后观察两组发热、皮疹及神经系统症状消退时间,观察两组临床疗效,同时记录用药的不良反应。结果两组发热、皮疹及神经系统症状消退时间比较,结果显示A组明显优于B组,两组治疗有效率比较,A组明显优于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组治疗期间未出现明显的不良反应。结论静脉免疫球蛋白联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗重症手足口病的疗效确切,值得参考。     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Comparison of in vitro cell models in predicting in vivo brain entry of drugs

Although several in vitro models have been reported to predict the ability of drug candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier, their real in vivo relevance has rarely been evaluated. The present study demonstrates the in vivo relevance of simple unidirectional permeability coefficient (P(app)) determined in three in vitro cell models (BBMEC, Caco-2 and MDCKII-MDR1) for nine model drugs (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, entacapone, tolcapone, baclofen, midazolam and ondansetron) by using dual probe microdialysis in the rat brain and blood as an in vivo measure. There was a clear correlation between the P(app) and the unbound brain/blood ratios determined by in vivo microdialysis (BBMEC r=0.99, Caco-2 r=0.91 and MDCKII-MDR1 r=0.85). Despite of the substantial differences in the absolute in vitro P(app) values and regardless of the method used (side-by-side vs. filter insert system), the capability of the in vitro models to rank order drugs was similar. By this approach, thus, the additional value offered by the true endothelial cell model (BBMEC) remains obscure. The present results also highlight the need of both in vitro as well as in vivo methods in characterization of blood-brain barrier passage of new drug candidates.