兔角膜缘干细胞的体外原代培养和生物学鉴定

目的 建立兔角膜缘干细胞体外培养方法,观察其生物学特性。方法 用含20％胎牛血清1640培养液对兔角膜缘干细胞进行体外培养,倒置显微镜观察培养细胞体外生长的形态,电镜观察培养细胞的超微结构并进行免疫细胞化学和间接免疫荧光鉴定。结果 植块48～72h细胞开始贴壁生长,7～10d形成良好的单层,细胞呈圆形、卵圆形或多边形,类似角膜上皮细胞;电镜下,可见细胞表面有许多微绒毛,细胞间有桥粒连接,胞质丰富,胞质细胞器较多,含有线粒体等结构;免疫细胞化学和间接免疫荧光染色显示,培养第8天少量细胞角蛋白K3(AE5)免疫反应呈阳性,细胞质被染色,培养第14天和第21天,较多细胞．AE5免疫反应阳性。结论 含20％胎牛血清1640培养液能作为角膜缘干细胞培养的基础液。应用组织培养方法获得的原代培养细胞具有与正常角膜缘干细胞相一致的生物学特性。     

以兔去上皮浅层角膜为载体体外培养角膜缘上皮细胞的实验研究

目的 建立以兔去上皮浅层角膜为载体体外培养兔角膜缘上皮细胞的培养方法 ,观察细胞生物学特性。方法 用含5%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12（1∶1）培养液对兔角膜缘上皮细胞进行体外组织块法原代培养,待细胞形成单层后,传代种植于去上皮浅层角膜载体上。每天用倒置显微镜观察培养细胞的形态及生长情况,电镜观察培育细胞的超微结构并采用HE染色和抗增殖细胞核抗原（anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA）单克隆抗体免疫细胞化学染色对生长于去上皮浅层角膜载体上的细胞进行检测。结果 原代培养时,48小时后可见组织块边缘有细胞生长游出,10天左右,细胞汇合成单层。传代种植于载体上,细胞24小时贴壁伸展,第5天可见部分区域细胞逐渐融合成片,11天左右细胞形成良好单层。细胞呈卵圆形或多边形,类似角膜上皮细胞;电镜下,可见细胞表面有许多微绒毛,细胞间有桥粒连接;免疫细胞化学染色显示部分细胞PCNA单克隆抗体呈阳性反应。结论 含5%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液适合角膜缘干细胞的体外培养,并能成功地在去上皮角膜浅层载体上培养出类似生理状态下的角膜上皮细胞。     

兔角膜上皮细胞体外原代培养和鉴定

目的 建立体外原代培养兔角膜上皮细胞简单经济实用的方法,并观察其体外生长的生物学特性.方法 采用全角膜组织培养法培养兔角膜上皮细胞并进行传代培养,通过形态学观察并应用免疫组织化学方法对细胞进行鉴定.结果 兔角膜上皮原代培养第2天,组织边缘有细胞游出,细胞和细胞核均呈圆形,胞核位于细胞中央或旁中央区;第3天,细胞呈扁平多...     

深低温保存兔角膜缘干细胞的体外培养

目的 探寻深低温保存兔角膜缘干细胞的体外培养方法。方法 将2mm宽的兔角巩膜组织通过程序降温仪降温后置于-196℃液氮中深低温保存。1年后复温，应用消化培养法分别对冻存及新鲜的兔角膜缘干细胞进行体外培养，观察并记录细胞生长情况，HE染色观察培养细胞的形态特征。结果 经过深低温保存的兔角膜缘干细胞可以在体外被成功培养并传代，其在原代培养48h后开始贴壁生长，5d后生长较旺盛，但可见部分破裂和死亡细胞，约12d基本形成单层；传代培养时次日贴壁，7d形成单层。新鲜兔角膜缘干细胞原代培养时细胞形态相似，但破碎死亡细胞少见，且于7d左右即基本形成单层，传代时两者无明显差别。结论 深低温保存的角膜缘干细胞能被成功地进行体外培养，培养后细胞具有与培养的新鲜角膜缘干细胞基本相似的特性，为深低温保存的角膜缘干细胞培养后移植治疗临床眼表疾病提供了实验依据，并为眼库技术的发挥开辟了新的应用途径。     

兔角膜缘干细胞的体外培养和生物学特性观察

目的 探讨兔角膜缘干细胞的体外培养方法并观察其生物学特性。方法 采用消化培养法，分2组培养，1组为消化并过滤后的角膜缘干细胞培养组，另1组为消化后未过滤的带组织块培养组，均用含20％胎牛血清的培养液培养，待细胞长成良好单层后消化传代，分别观察记录细胞在原代和传代培养时的生长特性并行HE染色观察。结果 过滤组角膜缘干细胞在培养24h后开始贴壁生长，7～10d形成良好单层，细胞以圆形或椭圆形为主，核较大，呈原始细胞特征，传代培养时见细胞体积逐渐增大，核变小，成纤维细胞少见；带组织块培养组原代培养时与过滤组无明显差异，传代时则见成纤维细胞渐增多，至第3代时占主导并抑制了角膜缘干细胞的生长。结论 采用消化培养法可成功培养出兔角膜缘干细胞，培养时应滤除组织块以减少成纤维细胞的影响。     

兔角膜上皮细胞体外原代培养方法的研究

目的：建立体外原代培养兔角膜上皮细胞简单经济实用的方法，并观察其体外生长的生物学特性。方法：采用消化法、组织块培养法培养兔角膜上皮细胞并进行传代培养，分别测定细胞分裂指数及细胞贴壁率，MTT比色法测定细胞生长曲线。结果：两种方法培养的细胞在原代、第1代形态相似，消化法培养的细胞代数维持低于组织块法；对数生长期时，组织块培养法的细胞具有更好的活力且分裂旺盛（P〈0．05）；在16h后，消化法培养的细胞贴壁率低于组织块培养法（P〈0．05）。结论：选择组织块培养法培养兔角膜上皮细胞可获得状态良好的连续传代扩增的细胞，且具有经济实用性；角膜上皮细胞符合一般有限细胞系的生长规律。     

兔角膜上皮细胞体外原代培养方法的研究

目的:建立体外原代培养兔角膜上皮细胞简单经济实用的方法,并观察其体外生长的生物学特性。方法:采用消化法、组织块培养法培养兔角膜上皮细胞并进行传代培养,分别测定细胞分裂指数及细胞贴壁率,MTT比色法测定细胞生长曲线。结果:两种方法培养的细胞在原代、第1代形态相似,消化法培养的细胞代数维持低于组织块法;对数生长期时,组织块培养法的细胞具有更好的活力且分裂旺盛(P<0.05);在16 h后,消化法培养的细胞贴壁率低于组织块培养法(P<0.05)。结论:选择组织块培养法培养兔角膜上皮细胞可获得状态良好的连续传代扩增的细胞,且具有经济实用性;角膜上皮细胞符合一般有限细胞系的生长规律。     

输卵管上皮细胞的培养及生物学特性

目的建立输卵管上皮细胞的培养方法，进行形态学观察，鉴定及冻存，方法取雌性日本大白兔的输卵管上皮细胞进行原代及传代培养，用光镜，电镜及单克隆角蛋白抗体进行ＳＰ染色，结果输卵管上皮细胞呈多角形组成簇生长。电镜下可见表面有微绒毛，细胞之间有紧密连接等上皮细胞的特征，免疫组化染色上皮细胞角蛋白染色阳性，原代培养细胞７天长成单层，传代细胞４天长成单层，结论建立稳定的输卵管上皮细胞的培养方法，为进一步研究输卵     

人羊膜上皮细胞的原代及传代培养

目的 建立体外培养人羊膜上皮细胞的方法,观察体外培养的羊膜上皮细胞的生物学特性.方法 取足月剖宫产术后羊膜,经胶原酶和胰蛋白酶消化后,获取的羊膜上皮细胞接种于含10%胎牛血清培养基中进行原代和传代培养,探索其合适的培养条件,用倒置显微镜观察培养的人羊膜上皮细胞体外生长的特征.用苏木精-伊红染色、扫描电镜和细胞角蛋白免疫组织化学染色的方法对培养细胞进行形态学观察和鉴定.结果 人羊膜上皮细胞可以在体外成功的培养传代,体外可连续传8～10代.体外培养细胞呈多角形,长满后呈上皮细胞特有的铺路石样外观.扫描电镜观察细胞表面有丰富的微绒毛.细胞角蛋白keratin单克隆抗体染色阳性.结论 人羊膜上皮细胞在体外可成功进行原代和传代培养,体外培养的人羊膜上皮细胞在一定时间内可维持增殖能力.     

人胎儿角膜缘干细胞的体外培养及鉴定

目的 探讨人胎儿角膜缘干细胞的体外培养及鉴定方法。方法 应用消化培养法对人胎儿角膜缘上皮组织进行体外培养并观察记录培养细胞的生长特性；对胎儿角膜缘组织及培养细胞采用一系列单克隆抗体进行免疫酶细胞化学染色检测；并用扫描电镜观察原代细胞的表面状况。结果 胎儿角膜缘上皮细胞原代培养时生长旺盛，传代培养时保持高增殖速率。免疫酶细胞化学染色见培养前胎儿角膜缘组织基底层有多量AE5阴性、AE1和PCNA阳性细胞，并见较多HLA-DR阳性细胞；原代细胞绝大部分AE5和HLA-DR染色阴性，AEI和PCNA阳性；传代培养至第3代时AE5阴性细胞仍占大部分；扫描电镜观察原代细胞以球形或短圆柱形为主，表面多突起和微绒毛。结论 采用消化培养法可成功培养出具有高增殖力和低抗原性的人胎儿角膜缘干细胞．为临床眼表重建开辟了新的思路。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.