脑血吸虫病的CT和MR诊断

目的 通过对脑血吸虫病的CT和MRI表现与手术后病理材料进行分析，探讨脑血吸虫病的CT和MRI特征及诊断价值。方法 回颐性分析65例脑血吸虫病的CT和MRI平扫和增强表现，并结合4例手术后病理材料进行比较。结果 病灶位于脑皮层或皮层下区，直径多在5～35mm。病灶密度或信号与脑灰质一致，周围水肿环绕。增强后病灶小结节呈簇状聚集成团，明显延迟强化延迟消退。结论 脑血吸虫病的CT和MRI表现具有特征性。如出现上述征象高度提示脑血吸虫病。     

CT诊断婴儿型肝脏血管内皮细胞瘤

目的 探讨婴儿型肝脏血管内皮细胞瘤（IHH）的CT表现特征。方法 回顾性分析16例经手术病理及临床诊断为IHH患儿的CT表现。结果 16例患儿中,单发病灶10例、多发病灶6例,均为肝内富血供病灶,动脉期呈明显环形强化,单发病变环形强化下方见向中心辐射的线状强化。多发病灶中4例环形强化中心区域见类圆形片状强化,静脉期及延迟期强化范围增大,1例多发病变强化类似于单发病灶强化方式,1例IHH Ⅱ型病灶小且多发,动脉期表现为边缘间断细线状强化,部分病灶线状强化下方见小结节状强化,静脉期结节强化范围增大,线状强化范围增大不明显。结论 IHH的CT表现具有一定特征性,其CT增强表现对本病的诊断更具意义。     

脊髓血吸虫病的MRI表现

目的：探讨脊髓血吸虫病的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法：对11例经临床治疗和实验室相关检查确诊或手术病理证实的脊髓血吸虫病患者的MRI资料进行回顾性分析,11例患者均行MRI平扫和增强扫描。结果：11例均显示远端脊髓和圆锥肿胀,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI 9例呈不均匀高信号,信号强度低于脑脊液,2例显示硬膜下结节伴脊髓信号异常。增强后11例中9例可见髓内病灶呈多种形态强化,其中7例呈多发小结节或小斑片状强化,2例呈肿块样强化。11例中6例显示脊髓表面线样强化,5例可见神经根强化,2例硬膜下结节轻度强化。结论：脊髓血吸虫病的MRI表现有一定特征,结合疫水接触史、免疫学检查及诊断性治疗有助于明确诊断。     

新型隐球菌性脑膜炎的MRI表现

目的探讨新型隐球菌性脑膜炎的MRI表现。方法本组病例10例。所有患者均接受了脑脊液墨汁涂片染色检查。9例做了MRI增强扫描。1例进行了胸部CT检查。结果MRI表现主要有4种:①2例颅脑MRI平扫未发现异常,1例增强扫描脑沟及脑池呈线状强化表现,患者常见脑基底池软脑膜受累。②5例MRI表现为以双侧基底节区为主及额、颞、顶叶等的多发斑片状或片状长T1长T2信号,增强后病变呈片状强化或未见明显强化;1例增强后基底池及桥前池亦出现软脑膜线状强化。③3例双侧大脑半球可见多发圆形或类圆形病灶,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强后呈结节状强化。④3例出现脑积水表现。结论新型隐球菌性脑膜炎误诊率高,确诊依靠病原学检查,其MRI表现虽然缺乏特异性,但对该病的早期诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑损伤的MRI分析

【目的】提高鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑损伤（radiation cncephalopathy。REP）的MRI表现的认识。【方法】时56例鼻咽癌放射治疗后放射性脑损伤患者的MRI表现进行分析。【结果】放射性脑损伤50例单纯发生于颞叶,病变累及双侧31例,单侧19例。MRI表现为：①弥漫水肿型18例：呈指状水肿灶,Gd—DTPA增强扫描无强化;②局灶性坏死型25例：表现为稍长T1长T2结节或团块灶。增强扫描可见病灶明显环形强化,呈皱缩状。花边状;③局灶性囊变型7例：增强后T1WI扫描囊壁无或有强化。脑干受损者6例,呈等或长T1长T2小病灶,增强扫描可见点状或不规则环状强化。【结论】MRI能清楚显示鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑损伤的的范围和程度,其MRI表现有一定的特征性。     

肌肉海绵状血管瘤MRI诊断

目的探讨肌肉海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现及其特征。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的15例肌肉海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现。结果主要MRI表现：①好发于下肢,较大病灶多为与肢体长轴一致的梭形,边缘不清,较小病灶呈类圆形,边缘较清;②T1WI呈等或稍高信号,病灶内部或边缘可见线条状或花边状高信号灶,类似于皮下脂肪信号,T2WI上为明显高信号,为本病特征性MRI表现;③病灶内静脉石及血管流空影为又一特征性MRI表现;④GD-DTPA增强,病灶明显强化,其内低信号间隔无强化;⑤可见骨外形变化,骨质增生及骨质吸收等骨质改变。结论肌肉海绵状血管瘤MRI表现有一定的特征性,MRI对明确诊断及确定病变范围有重要价值。     

获得性弓形体脑病的影像学表现

目的:探讨获得性弓形体脑病的影像学表现,以提高对此病的认识.方法:回顾分析17例临床诊断为获得性弓形体脑病患者的头颅MRI及CT资料,探讨弓形体脑病的影像学表现.结果:17例患者的MRI均为多发性病灶,总病灶数为215个,平均(12.64±10.25)个,其中16例皮髓质交界区有病灶,平均(10.47±8.95)个;病灶也可发生在基底节区,较少发生在小脑、脑干,脑膜可受累.病灶多呈结节状、团块状、斑片状,其中11例可见病灶周围有水肿带,可有占位效应.平扫T1加权像(T1 weighted image,T1WI)呈边界不清的等低信号影,T2加权像(T2 weighted image,T2WI)、液体衰减反转恢复(fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)、扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)呈高信号为主.15例行MR增强扫描,均有不同程度的环状、结节状及斑片状明显强化,其中7例脑膜呈结节状或线状增厚强化;10例经抗弓形虫治疗后复查MR显示病灶有明显吸收好转.磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)可观察病灶的发展及转归的代谢信息变化.CT平扫主要呈等密度结节灶及片状低密度区,增强后呈不同程度的结节状、片状或环状强化.结论:结合临床资料及影像学检查可以诊断获得性弓形体脑病,MRI可作为首选影像学检查方法.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生影像表现（附6例报告）

目的：通过回顾性总结7例临床病理确诊的肝脏局灶性结节增生的影像学表现,以期提高影像诊断的准确性,避免临床不必要的手术和有创的病理活检。材料与方法：收集我院手术或者病理活检临床确诊的7例共8个肝脏局灶性结节增生病灶的CT平扫,增强动脉期、门静脉期及平衡期图像以及MRI平扫、增强早期及增强晚期的图像。其中5例行CT及磁共振平扫及增强扫描,1例仅行磁共振平扫,对其影像学表现进行分析总结。结果：6例7个病灶,其中左叶2个病灶,右叶5个病灶。CT平扫病灶显示不清,增强动脉期表现为边界清晰车轮状明显强化结节,中心星芒状瘢痕强化不明显,门静脉期或延迟后病变逐渐为与邻近肝实质等密度结节,中心星芒状瘢痕延迟后明显强化,周边可见增粗迂曲的回流静脉血管影;MRIT1WI呈边界清晰的等信号或略低信号结节,中心星芒状瘢痕呈低信号;T2WI病灶为边界清晰的略高信号结节,中心条形或星芒状明显高信号影。增强T1WI脂肪抑制像表现和CT增强表现一致,早期轮辐状强化,延迟后呈等信号灶,中心瘢痕延迟后强化明显。结论：肝脏局灶性结节增生的CT和MRI表现具有一定的特征性,据此可以进行临床准确诊断,减少误诊。     

肝脏炎性假瘤的MRI诊断

目的:探讨MRI在肝脏炎性假瘤(IPL)诊断中的价值。材料与方法:回顾性分析经临床病理证实的16例肝脏炎性假瘤患者的MRI检查资料,并对其MRI表现和病理学检查结果进行对照。结果:16例共发现18个病灶。T1WI上13个病灶为低信号,5个为等信号;T2WI上14个病灶呈高或稍高信号,3个病灶为等信号。多期动态增强扫描显示IPL动脉期大多数病灶无明显强化,3个病灶可见强化;门静脉期和延迟期可见不同程度强化,强化方式多样,常见强化形式为周边不规则环形强化或结节状强化,或呈分隔样强化,且强化持续时间较长。结论:MRI多期动态增强扫描反映了IPL的病理学特征,对IPL的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

儿童血液病异基因造血干细胞移植后中枢神经系统感染MRI特征

目的 观察儿童血液病异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后中枢神经系统（CNS）感染的MRI特征。方法 回顾2 240例因血液病接受HSCT患儿,分析其中13例经手术、穿刺活检、实验室检查确诊的不同病原CNS感染的MRI表现。结果 血液病allo-HSCT后CNS感染率为0.58%（13/2 240）,死亡率为38.46%（5/13）,发病时间为移植后24~271天,中位数79天;主要临床表现为头痛、抽搐、凝视及颈强直。7例真菌感染（7/13,53.85%）,MRI见幕上、幕下与基底节受累,病灶呈多发或单发结节状、类圆形团块状及脑回样异常信号伴环形强化;细菌感染2例（2/13,15.38%）, MRI显示幕上受累,病灶呈单发或多发脑回样、斑片状异常信号;结核感染2例（2/13,15.38%）,MRI显示幕上受累,病灶呈多发团块状、脑回样及小结节状异常信号,伴簇状环形强化;EB病毒感染2例（2/13,15.38%）,MRI显示幕上、下均受累,病灶呈多发斑片状、类圆形团块状及脑回样异常信号,部分对称分布,伴脑回样、花环样强化。结论 血液病患儿allo-HSCT后CNS感染类型多样,MRI表现各有不同,但具有一定特征性,与临床症状、体征及实验室检查相结合有助于早诊断、早治疗。     

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of schistosomal periportal fibrosis

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis results from infestation by Schistosoma mansoni, a blood fluke. Presinusoidal periportal fibrosis is invariably the result of this infestation. The ultrasonic pattern of schistosomal periportal fibrosis in 22 patients in whom schistosomal hepatic involvement was proven histologically is described. Echogenic areas of pipestem fibrosis seen as tubular shadows, some containing central lucencies, were present in every case. These tubular shadows conformed to the structure of the portal veins, producing a characteristic appearance. In endemic areas this appearance may be the only clue to the diagnosis of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, because patients may remain asymptomatic for years after the onset of the disease.     

脑血吸虫性肉芽肿的CT和MRI诊断

【目的】通过对脑血吸虫性肉芽肿的CT和MRI表现进行分析,探讨脑血吸虫性肉芽肿的CT和MRI特征及其诊断价值。【方法】回顾性分析经手术病理及临床证实的脑血吸虫性肉芽肿17例。采用EXEL 1900 Super CT机及XGY0.3T开放式永磁型MRI仪,分别进行平扫及增强扫描。【结果】幕上大脑15例,幕下小脑2例。CT平扫病变呈等或稍高密度,MR平扫T1WI大多呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号但低于脑脊液信号,液体衰减反转恢复序列呈稍高信号。CT和MRI增强表现为：脑皮质或皮层下区多发或单发大小不等强化结节,呈簇状聚集成团。【结论】脑血吸虫性肉芽肿的CT和MRI表现具有特征性;是临床诊断脑血吸虫性肉芽肿的最有价值的检查手段。     

MRI诊断异基因造血干细胞移植后神经系统并发症

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植后中枢神经系统并发症的类型及其MRI表现。方法 回顾性分析22例异基因造血干细胞移植后中枢神经系统并发症患者的临床及影像学资料,分析其并发症类型及相应MRI表现。结果 颅内感染8例,包括真菌感染5例,颅内单发或多发结节状异常信号伴环形强化;病毒感染3例,为多发斑片状T2WI及FLAIR高信号。移植后淋巴细胞增殖性疾病1例,右侧额叶出血性占位伴不均匀强化。脑血管病6例,包括硬膜下出血2例,表现为单侧或双侧硬膜下新月状T1WI、T2WI混杂信号;脑梗死4例,表现为单发或多发片状T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号,DWI呈高信号。可逆性后部脑病综合征5例,MRI示双侧顶枕叶为主的皮层下FLAIR高信号。中枢神经系统白血病2例,其中软脑膜浸润1例,软脑膜呈FLAIR稍高信号,增强后明显强化;脑实质浸润1例,左侧小脑斑片状T1WI等信号、T2WI稍高信号,增强后明显强化。结论 异基因造血干细胞移植后中枢神经系统并发症类型多样;MRI对早期诊断、及时治疗及评估疗效有重要价值。     

肺吸虫脑病MRI表现

目的探讨肺吸虫脑病"隧道"征形成基础及MRI表现。方法回顾性分析经手术后病理证实或诊断性用药后疗效显著的2例肺吸虫脑病MRI表现特点并复习相关文献报道。结果 2例行MR平扫及增强扫描。1例呈囊肿型,增强扫描,囊壁强化明显,壁厚薄不一;经抗吸虫治疗后,囊肿缩小呈隧道样改变;1例呈肿块型,增强扫描肿块强化,肿块内见强化更明显隧道样影,隧道影两端均超出肿块边缘。结论 "隧道"征是肺吸虫脑病的重要特征之一,MRI对脑型肺吸虫病的临床诊断具有重要价值。     

聚丁二炔纳米粒快速检测日本血吸虫

背景：采用PCR、ELISA、免疫荧光球法及基因芯片技术进行日本血吸虫的快速检测,需要数小时才能得到结果,并且对日本血吸虫有量的要求,还需配备专门人员、一定的仪器设备,故非常不适用于现场快速检验。目的：制备聚丁二炔纳米粒,并对日本血吸虫进行免疫检测。方法：采用超声分散法制备聚丁二炔纳米粒,并利用其检测日本血吸虫。结果与结论：制备的聚丁二炔纳米粒粒径均匀,分布范围窄,结构稳定。取血吸虫感染兔血清稀释液滴入聚丁二炔免疫纳米粒稀释液中,溶液颜色由蓝变红,颜色变化约20s时,体系有70%-80%发生了颜色变化,在约2min体系颜色变化即基本完成。吸收光谱、透射电镜、激光粒径分布均显示,加入血吸虫感染兔血清后聚丁二炔免疫纳米粒变化很大。表明利用聚丁二炔免疫纳米粒比色检测日本血吸虫操作简便、快速。     

中枢神经系统成血管细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨中枢神经系统成血管细胞瘤的MRI特征性表现，提高其正确诊断率。方法回顾性分析26例经手术病理证实的脑及脊髓成血管细胞瘤的MR表现，术前均经MR平扫及GD—DTPA增强扫描。结果 26例中实体性肿瘤7例，平扫呈等T1等T2信号为主，瘤内可有小囊变区，瘤周多有增粗血管征及脑水肿；囊性肿瘤19例，平扫呈长T1长T2信号，较小的壁结节发现较难；增强扫描示实质性肿块及壁结节呈明显均匀强化，囊性部分及囊腔无强化。结论 成血管细胞瘤MR表现具有特征性，MRI对中枢神经系统成血管细胞瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

Imaging findings of Castleman disease of the abdomen and pelvis

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristic features of Castleman disease in the abdomen and pelvis as suggested by imaging findings in order to deepen the recognition and understanding of this rare disease. METHODS: A group of ten patients with pathologically proven Castleman disease in the abdomen (n = 9) and pelvis (n = 1) were included in this study. Patients were 18 approximately 56-year-old (mean = 40); seven of them were men and three were women. Imaging findings (CT&MRI, n = 4; only CT, n = 4; only MRI, n = 2) were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with clinical and pathologic findings. RESULTS: The lesions were divided into those with localized Castleman (n = 9) and disseminated Castleman (n = 1). The pathologic subtype of all nine cases of localized disease was hyaline vascular with six patients showing a solitary mass and three having a single dominant mass surrounded by small satellite nodules. On nonenhanced CT images, the lesions were manifested as homogeneous masses of soft tissue attenuation, which was isoattenuated relative to normal muscle. On MRI, the lesions were isointense or slightly hypointense compared with that of normal muscle on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. After intravenous injection of contrast media, most of the masses (7/9) showed marked enhancement and slow washout with the degree of enhancement approaching that of the large arteries. And in the interior of four cases of larger masses (>5 cm) was observed fissured and radial patterns in both low-density area on CT and low-signal area on MRI. These patterns were pathologically proved to be fibrous. The pathological subtype of a sole disseminated case was plasma-cell type, where imaging findings showed a lining of well defined, sharply enhanced soft-tissue nodules in retroperitoneal zone. CONCLUSION: Imaging findings of Castleman disease in the abdomen and pelvis are closely related to pathological type diagnosed. The characteristic features of localized and hyaline vascular type of Castleman disease include a solitary mass or a dominant mass surrounded with small satellite nodules, and high enhancement and slow washout with the degree of enhancement approaches that of large arteries. The presence of central areas of fibrosis of the larger tumors is one of the characteristic features of this disease.     

Parovarian cystadenoma: sonographic features associated with magnetic resonance and histopathologic findings

Differentiation between malignant and benign parovarian tumors is necessary before any surgery is planned, because the postoperative spread of ovarian cancers is well documented. Both malignant and benign parovarian tumors may contain intracystic projections, so their presence is not a differentiating factor. We describe the cases of 2 patients with parovarian cystadenomas that were evaluated using sonography, MRI, and histopathology in an attempt to begin to identify the sonographic characteristics of such lesions and correlate them with MRI and histopathologic findings. In both cases, sonography revealed a cystic mass that contained multiple small intracystic mural nodules, most of which were associated with the "Chinese hat" artifact. MRI findings confirmed the presence of the cystic masses and the nodules. Histopathologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of serous cystadenoma arising in a parovarian cyst; the intracystic nodules consisted of fibrotic tissue covered with a single layer of epithelium. Thus, the results of all 3 evaluations correlated well. This characteristic sonographic appearance may be useful in making an accurate preoperative diagnosis of parovarian cystadenomas.     

颅内肿瘤手术后经脑脊液播散的MRI特点

目的分析颅内肿瘤手术后经脑脊液播散的MRI特征,讨论影响脑脊液播散的主要因素。方法经手术、病理和MRI证实的13例颅内肿瘤手术后经脑脊液转移患者,常规SE序列T1WI,T2WI,FLAIR和增强后T1WI脂肪抑制序列检查。结果脑脊液播散的肿瘤呈大小不等的结节型或线状增厚型,主要分布在脑池、脑沟、脑室壁、脑干周围以及脑池段脑神经周围,其信号强度与脑内原发肿瘤信号基本一致。平扫线状增厚型,T1WI显示阳性5例(38.5%),T2WI显示阳性5例(38.5%),FLAIR显示阳性8例(61.5%)。结节型平扫T1WI有9例呈等信号多发结节(69.2%),T2WI有10例多发结节均呈略高信号(76.9%),FLAIR11例呈多发略高信号(84.6%)。增强扫描所有病例均发现线状增厚或结节状强化。10例出现不同程度的脑积水征象。结论颅内良、恶性肿瘤均可发生脑脊液转移,手术中瘤细胞遗漏、脱落是脑脊液转移的主要因素,MRI增强扫描是诊断脑脊液转移的可靠工具。