局部浸润麻醉与黏膜表面麻醉在经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检中的应用比较

目的比较前列腺局部浸润麻醉与直肠黏膜表面麻醉在经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检中应用的安全性和有效性。方法将2018年3月至8月中山大学附属第三医院拟行前列腺穿刺活检的疑似前列腺癌患者纳入本研究,前瞻性随机分成两组。实验组采用超声引导下利多卡因于前列腺基底部和精囊腺间交角周围的血管神经束进行局部浸润麻醉;对照组采用利多卡因凝胶直肠黏膜表面麻醉。收集患者穿刺前后基线特征及穿刺后VAS评分、穿刺前后膀胱残余尿、穿刺阳性率、Gleason评分及血尿等相关并发症进行比较。结果共66例患者纳入本研究。穿刺过程中实验组疼痛评分低于对照组。两组间穿刺阳性率、Gleason评分、残余尿、尿潴留、肉眼血尿、发热等没有组间差异。结论局部浸润麻醉比直肠黏膜表面麻醉更能明显缓解经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺的疼痛,对穿刺阳性率无明显影响,是更安全有效的麻醉方法,但需要一定经验的超声医师引导。     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检203例临床分析

目的评估经直肠超声引导的前列腺六针穿刺活检在前列腺癌及前列腺其他疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断的价值。方法对指肛检查阳性，血清PSA〉4pg／L及经直肠超声检查前列腺声像图异常怀疑有占位性病变的203人进行经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检。结果穿刺活检的203例病理结果：良性前列腺增生（BPH）104例占51．24％，前列腺癌（PCa）95例占46．80％，前列腺结核及前列腺平滑肌肉瘤各2例，分别占0．98％。结论经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检其操作简单，病人痛苦小，并发症少，较安全。在前列腺癌及其他前列腺疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要的临床价值。     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检方案的合理选择

经直肠超声(TRUS)引导前列腺穿刺活检是前列腺癌诊断和制定合理治疗方案的常规手段。制定扩大前列腺系统性穿刺方案时需综合考虑患者的年龄、前列腺体积及健康状况等因素。在系统性穿刺活检的基础上结合靶向性穿刺活检可提高前列腺癌的阳性率。     

超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检

原则上只在怀疑前列腺癌或已确诊前列腺癌计划进行诊治时行前列腺活检。指征:①前列腺指诊怀疑癌肿。②PSA值升高:德国泌尿外科学会认为PSA值直接诊断的不是前列腺癌,而是进行活检的指征,阈值≥4ng/ml为活检指征(UrolA ,2 0 0 2 ,4 1:5 0 9)。此外,fPAS/tPSA值<2 8%和30 % ,以及PSA值1年升高0 .75ng/ml者建议穿刺活检。方法:①部位:6分仪法即在旁矢状面前列腺尖部、中部和基底部,双侧中央取标本活检,其阳性率高于指诊可疑区域的活检,但仍有2 0 %假阴性。改良方法为自前列腺侧叶外1/ 3取6个标本活检(外周区)。②数目:增加活检数目可提…     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术的临床意义

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术的临床意义。方法对60例PSA〉4ng／ml、直肠指检异常或超声发现异常回声的患者采用前列腺穿刺活检术，其中30例患者采用骶管内麻醉下经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术，年龄45～86岁，平均68±3．6岁，PSA〈4ng／ml为4例，4-10ng／ml为10例，〉10ng／ml为16例。对照组30例，年龄50-84岁，平均70±3．5岁，PSA〈4ng/ml为3例，4-10ng／ml为9例，〉10ng／ml为18例。对照组采用直肠指检压迫下穿刺或表面麻醉下行经直肠超声引导下穿刺活检。结果骶管内麻醉组阳性率为60％（18／30），患者术中无疼痛表现，对照组阳性率为33％（10/30），患者在术中伴有不同程度的疼痛。结论与常规穿刺相比，骶麻下经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术准确性高，疼痛较轻，更能被患者接受，值得临床推广使用。     

实时超声造影在经直肠前列腺穿刺活检中的应用

目的:探讨实时超声造影技术提高经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检阳性率的应用价值。方法:PSA异常升高(4~20μg/L)、直肠指检(DRE)异常或前列腺MRI异常的男性患者,经积极肠道准备后进行前列腺穿刺活检,穿刺方案为12+X针(左右侧叶前列腺尖部、中部及基底部腺体各穿刺1针+可疑结节靶向穿刺X针)。穿刺前先对前列腺进行常规超声检查,然后进行超声造影。比较超声造影前后发现前列腺结节内可疑前列腺癌结节数目差异,以及常规超声引导和实时超声造影引导下前列腺穿刺活检前列腺癌检出率的差异。结果:常规经直肠超声发现可疑结节86个,检出前列腺癌57个,阳性率为66.3%。超声造影发现异常结节118个,其中108个检测出前列腺癌,阳性率91.5%。超声造影诊断前列腺异常结节效率明显高于常规经直肠超声(P0.01)。超声造影引导下穿刺检出前列腺癌39例(42.8%),而常规经直肠超声检查仅能检出28例(30.8%),两者差异显著(P=0.033)。结论:实时超声造影可提高前列腺可疑结节的检出率,为前列腺靶向穿刺提供更精确定位。靶向穿刺可有效提高前列腺癌的检出率,有利于早期发现前列腺癌。     

利多卡因局部麻醉在经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术中的临床应用

目的　评价利多卡因局部麻醉在经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术中的安全性。　方法　经直肠超声引导前列腺 10针穿刺活检术患者 15 0例 ,均因排尿困难就诊。随机分成 3组 ,每组5 0例。第 1组经直肠在前列腺尖部及两侧前列腺精囊连接部注射 1%利多卡因各 3ml;第 2组注射生理盐水 ;第 3组为对照组 ,直接行穿刺活检。穿刺结束时采用视觉模拟评分尺 (VAS)对穿刺过程进行疼痛评分 ;穿刺结束时及术后第 7天评判患者有无并发症及其程度。　结果　利多卡因组、生理盐水组及对照组疼痛评分分别为 1.96、3.98和 3.70 ,利多卡因组疼痛明显减轻 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,生理盐水组与对照组差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。利多卡因组术后无感染发生 ,直肠出血量 (3.96± 0 .39)ml,肉眼血尿发生率 76 % (38/ 5 0 ) ,排尿困难加重发生率 12 % (6 / 5 0 ) ,尿潴留发生率 2 % (1/ 5 0 ) ,轻度血管迷走神经反射发生率 10 % (5 / 5 0 ) ,与生理盐水组和对照组比较 ,差异均无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　前列腺尖部及两侧前列腺精囊连接部注射利多卡因局部麻醉 ,能显著降低穿刺过程中的疼痛及不适程度 ,不增加术中及术后并发症 ,推荐在经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术中常规应用。     

单点麻醉在经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检中的应用

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺已成为临床上筛查前列腺癌的重要检查手段,前列腺周围神经纤维阻滞大大减轻患者在活检过程中的疼痛并提高患者配合程度,减少术中并发症.自Nash等[1]提出前列腺活检局部麻醉点应在双侧精囊和前列腺交接处以来,各种局麻方式不断改进以寻找更理想的方案[2-3].自2008年1月至2009年1月,我们选择了120例患者,随机前瞻性研究比较前列腺底部上缘单点神经阻滞术和前列腺双侧叶多点神经阻滞术两种方式的镇痛疗效,现报告如下.     

超声引导下经直肠与经会阴途径前列腺穿刺活检术的比较

目的比较超声引导下经直肠与经会阴途径前列腺穿刺活检术在前列腺癌诊断中的效果。方法我院2015年12月~2018年12月超声引导下前列腺穿刺319例,其中经直肠162例(经直肠组),经会阴157例(经会阴组),比较2种穿刺活检方法阳性率、并发症发生率。结果经直肠与经会阴途径穿刺阳性率分别为31.5%(51/162)、35.7%(56/157),差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.765,P=0.382)。2组穿刺后血尿、尿潴留、血管迷走神经反射发生率均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经直肠组血便发生率14.2%(23/162),明显高于经会阴组1.9%(3/157)(χ^2=16.078,P=0.000);发热发生率9.9%(16/162),明显高于经会阴组2.5%(4/157)(χ^2=7.287,P=0.007);疼痛发生率3.7%(6/162),明显低于经会阴组10.2%(16/157)(χ^2=5.226,P=0.022)。结论直肠超声引导下经直肠与经会阴前列腺穿刺均为检测前列腺癌的有效途径,2种穿刺方法的阳性率相近,经会阴途径血便、发热发生率明显低于经直肠途径,疼痛发生率明显高于经直肠途径,应根据患者具体病情选择合理的穿刺方式。     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检降低诊断感染并发症的临床研究

目的探讨应用抗菌药物在预防经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检降低诊断感染并发症的临床应用效果。方法选取2010年12月至2013年12月诊治的怀疑为前列腺癌的患者120例为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,所有患者均采取经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检方法进行诊断鉴别。观察组术前3d开始口服肠道抑菌左氧氟沙星200mg,2次/d和甲硝唑200mg,3次/d;对照组患者术后立即服用上述药物。所有患者术前用开塞露进行肠道准备,术后继续服药1周,并进行随访观察感染发生率。结果观察组发生感染5例,占8.3%;对照组发生感染9例,占15.0%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。感染症状表现为菌尿、菌血、发热、会阴部疼痛及下尿路症状;病原学检查主要为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及草绿色链球菌。结论经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术前预防性应用氟喹诺酮类抗生素及甲硝唑可以有效降低诊断感染并发症,安全可靠,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

微通道和标准通道在经皮肾取石术中效果及安全性评价

目的比较微通道和标准通道在经皮肾取石术（PCNL）中的效果及安全性。方法 2008年8月至2009年6月,我院采用C-型臂X光引导穿刺,微通道（14～18F）和标准通道（20～24F）两种不同PCNL通道行经皮肾取石术治疗肾内结石67例,其中微通道组31例,标准通道组36例;男性39例、女性28例,年龄31～67岁,平均46.3岁;左肾结石40例,右肾结石27例;根据腹部KUB测量结石大小：纵径2.0～6.8cm,横径1.5～5.4cm。对两组患者一期结石清除率、手术时间、手术并发症等指标进行比较。结果两组患者分别成功建立微通道和标准通道一期行单通道经皮肾碎石取石术。微通道（14～18F,本组为16～18F）组31例,标准通道（20～24F,本组为22～24F）组36例。结石清除率分别为67.7%（21/31）和88.9%（32/36）,P〈0.05;手术时间分别为93±17.5min和82±12.1min,P〈0.05;术后发热（体温≥38.5℃）分别为25.8%（8/31）和5.6%（2/36）,P〈0.05;术中出血〉800ml分别为3.2%（1/31）和2.8%（1/36）,P〉0.05;住院时间分别为7.3±0.4d和7.1±0.6d,P〉0.05。结论本组研究结果显示,采用标准通道,运用8/9.8FWolf输尿管硬镜或李逊肾镜与U-100双频双脉冲激光碎石机治疗直径≥2cm的肾内结石比采用微通道具有清石效率高、手术时间短、术后发热发生率少等优点,与微通道相比,不增加术中术后出血、穿孔等并发症发生率。     

两种不同局麻方法在经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术中的镇痛疗效比较

目的比较经直肠超声引导前列腺神经阻滞术和直肠内灌注2％利多卡因凝胶在前列腺穿刺活检术中的镇痛疗效。方法160例接受经直肠超声引导13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术的患者随机分为A、B两组。A组患者84例，在经直肠超声引导下，于前列腺基底部，左、右两侧精囊与前列腺交接处分别注射1％利多卡因5ml；B组患者76例，于活检前5min直肠内灌注2％利多卡因凝胶10ml。采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）评估两组患者在穿刺活检术中的疼痛程度。结果两组患者在平均年龄（t=0．73）、PSA水平（t=0．34）和前列腺体积（t=0．55）的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05），具有可比性。A组患者VAS评分0～3分者76例，4～5分者6例，6～10分者2例。B组患者则分别为48例、18例、10例。两组患者VAS评分均值分别为1，2分、2．6分，差异具有高度统计学意义（t=4．73，P〈0.01）。两组患者均未出现局麻药的不良反应。结论经直肠超声引导前列腺神经阻滞术的镇痛疗效明显优于直肠内灌注2％利多卡因凝胶，值得临床推广应用。     

Local anesthesia for ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial comparing 2 methods

PURPOSE: Since the introduction of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, asymptomatic men often undergo transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. This procedure may cause significant discomfort, which may limit the number of biopsies. We performed a randomized prospective study to compare periprostatic infiltration with 1% lidocaine with intrarectal instillation of 2% lidocaine gel before prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1999 to July 2000, 150 men underwent prostate biopsy at the Miami Veterans Administration and Jackson Memorial Hospital. Experienced senior residents performed all biopsies. Patients were randomized into 2 groups depending on the method of anesthetic delivery. A visual analog scale was used to assess the pain score. Statistical analysis of pain scores was performed using the Student t test. RESULTS: Ultrasound guided prostate biopsy was done in 150 cases. There was a statistical difference in the mean pain score after periprostatic infiltration and intrarectal instillation (2.4 versus 3.7, p = 0.00002) with patients receiving periprostatic infiltration reporting significantly less pain. CONCLUSIONS: Men should have the opportunity to receive local anesthesia before ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with the goal of decreasing the discomfort associated with this procedure. Our prospective randomized study indicates that ultrasound guided periprostatic nerve block with 1% lidocaine provides anesthesia superior to the intrarectal placement of lidocaine gel.     

Decision analysis model comparing cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging vs. repeat biopsy for detection of prostate cancer in men with prior negative findings on biopsy

PurposeWe compared cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) vs. repeat biopsy in detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in men with prior negative findings on biopsy.MethodsA decision tree model compared the strategy of office-based transrectal ultrasound–guided biopsy (TRUS) for men with prior negative findings on biopsy with a strategy of initial MP-MRI with TRUS performed only in cases of abnormal results on imaging. Study end points were cost, number of biopsies, and cancers detected. Cost was based on Medicare reimbursement. Cost of sepsis and minor complications were incorporated into analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying model assumptions.ResultsThe baseline model with 24% PCa found that the overall cost for 100 men was $90,400 and $87,700 for TRUS and MP-MRI arms, respectively. The MP-MRI arm resulted in 73 fewer biopsies per 100 men but detected 4 fewer cancers (16 vs. 20.4) than the TRUS arm did. A lower risk of PCa resulted in lower costs for the MP-MRI arm and a small difference in detected cancers. At lower cancer rates, MP-MRI is superior to TRUS over a wide range of sensitivity and specificity of MRI. A lower sensitivity of MP-MRI decreases the cost of the MP-MRI, as fewer biopsies are performed, but this also reduces the number of cancers detected.ConclusionsThe use of MP-MRI to select patients for repeat biopsy reduced the number of biopsies needed by 73% but resulted in a few cancers being missed at lower cost when compared with the TRUS arm. Further studies are required to determine whether cancers missed represent clinically significant tumors.     

Dutasteride prior to contrast-enhanced colour Doppler ultrasound prostate biopsy increases prostate cancer detection

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the effect of premedication with dutasteride, a dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, on prostatic blood flow prior to prostate biopsy and its impact on prostate cancer detection. METHODS: Thirty-six patients, aged 52-74 yr, with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (>or=1.25 ng/ml and free-to-total ratio of <18%) were treated with dutasteride 14 d prior to prostate biopsy. Contrast-enhanced colour Doppler (CECD) ultrasound was performed before and 7 and 14 d after dutasteride treatment. Contrast-enhanced targeted biopsies (相似文献   

经直肠B超引导下前列腺穿刺活检在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值(附658例报告)

目的：探讨经直肠超声引导下穿刺活检在前列腺癌（PCa）诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：自2000年开始,对中老年男性进行以PSA为主要检查指标的PCa普查,累计23761例。普查中发现PSA〉4μg／L者占普查人群的8．0％,达1900例。以前列腺PSA密度（PSAD）〉0．15ng／cm^3,同时结合直肠指诊为658例疑似PCa者行经直肠超声引导下的前列腺外腺6点穿刺活检术。结果：经穿刺证实为PCa者168例（25．5％）,BPH者347例（52．7％）,非典型性增生者24例（3．6％）,腺瘤样改变者36例（5．5％）,前列腺炎者57例（8．7％）,肉芽肿性前列腺炎者26例（4．0％）;168例PCa者中,前列腺周围区见低回声反射103例（61．3％）。PCa者PSAD为0．19±0．04,前列腺体积为（28．11±12．79）cm^3;BPH者PSAD为0．12±0．02,前列腺体积为（36．22±18．18）cm^3,分别比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检具有准确、安全等优点,是确诊PCa的有效方法之一。同时结合正确应用PSA、PSAD,不但提高PCa的早期诊断率,而且有助于PCa高危人群的随访。     

A life-threatening hematochesia after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy in a prostate cancer case presenting with lymphedema

A 62-year-old male presenting withlymphedema at the left lower extremity wasdiagnosed as prostatic carcinoma by anultrasound-guided needle biopsy. Six days afterthe biopsy procedure, he developed severehematochesia. Colonoscopy revealed an oozingvisible vessel at the anterior rectal wall, afew centimeters from the anus. Endoscopichemostasis with %1 athexysclerol was applicatedwith success. Rebleeding with same severity asthe first one occurred 48 hours after the firstbleeding and endoscopic hemostasis wassuccessful again. Follow-up was uneventful.     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的　总结和评价经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术对前列腺癌诊断的准确率。方法　222 例直肠指检阳性或 PSA>4μg/L的患者应用经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点系统穿刺活检以明确诊断。结果　222 例受检者中病理证实前列腺结节性增生41例、前列腺炎24例、前列腺肉瘤3例、前列腺癌 154 例,其中低分化癌 74 例、中分化癌 58 例、高分化癌 22 例。术后血尿15例、发热6例,其中高热1例,经抗生素治疗后体温恢复正常、尿检阴性。结论　经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检无需麻醉,患者痛苦小、安全性高,是诊断前列腺癌的可靠方法。     

Safety and detailed patterns of morbidity of transrectal ultrasound guided needle biopsy of prostate in a urologist-led unit

Objective: We prospectively evaluate the safety, morbidity and characteristics of complications for transrectal ultrasound guided needle biopsy of prostate carried out solely by urologists in a single unit. This will help to counsel patient prior to the biopsy. Patients and methods: One hundred consecutive patients were recruited to complete questionnaires prospectively, 2 weeks and 3 months after TRUS and prostate biopsy. Haematospermia, haematuria and rectal bleeding characteristics were evaluated. Pain, analgesia requirement, infection and urinary retention rates were also assessed. Results: Ninety-two patients (92%) returned questionnaires 2 weeks and 63 patients (63%) three months after the biopsy. At 2 weeks questionnaire, 58 patients (63%) experienced haematuria and 9 patients (10%) for more than 1 week. Eighty-five percent of the 58 patients who had haematuria described it as mild and intermittent. Twenty-three (25%) patients experienced a rectal bleed and none for more than four days. Only 1 patient experienced clots with the rectal bleeding. Twelve (13%) patients had difficulty passing urine but the symptoms resolved by day four. Acute urinary retention did not occur. Thirty-five (38%) patients had some degree of discomfort and only one patient had pain for more than three days. Twenty-five (27%) patients took analgesia between 1 and 8 days (Mean 3 days). Two patients had a urinary tract infection despite prophylactic antibiotics. At three months, 4 patients (6%) had experienced secondary haematuria 3 weeks after the biopsy. Two patients experienced more rectal bleeding 2 weeks after the biopsy and 1 patient had residual discomfort 2 weeks after the procedure. Thirteen patients (21%) had haematospermia between day 6 and 56 (Mean 21 days). Conclusions: Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate is generally well tolerated with minor pain and morbidity in our urologist-led service. Our data will assist counselling of patients prior to the procedure.