心房颤动犬能量代谢变化及曲美他嗪干预研究

目的 研究慢性心房颤动(房颤)犬心房能量代谢的变化,探讨曲美他嗪对房颤能量代谢和内皮功能的影响.方法 18只健康杂种犬,随机分为窦性心律组、心房起搏组和曲美他嗪组,每组6只犬.心房起搏组以400次/min快速起搏心房6周,建立房颤犬动物模型;曲美他嗪组给予曲美他嗪5 mg·kg-1·d-1口服,随后以400次/min快速起搏心房6周.采用高效液相色谱测定心肌组织磷酸肌酸(CrP)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和一磷酸腺苷(AMP)含量,计算总腺苷酸池(TAN);用Western blot定量、免疫组化定性检测左房内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)蛋白表达,酶联免疫吸附定量检测血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)含量,采用硝酸还原酶法测定血浆NO2-/NO3-(NOx)含量.结果 与窦性心律组相比,心房起搏6周后,心房肌CrP(P<0.01)和CrP/ATP(P<0.05)显著降低,而ATP、ADP、AMP和TAN无明显变化(P>0.05),内皮细胞功能标志物血浆vWF明显增高,NOx降低,心房eNOS蛋白表达减少.曲美他嗪治疗6周,心房肌CrP、CrP/ATP、ATP、ADP、AMP和TAN差异均无统计学意义,但eNOS蛋白表达上调(P<0.05),血浆vWF含量降低(P<0.01),NOx增加(P<0.05),内皮细胞功能改善.结论 房颤早期可出现能量代谢失衡,但随着持续时间延长,能量供求能重新达到平衡.曲美他嗪对房颤能量代谢无明显影响,但能通过一氧化氮途径改善内皮细胞功能.     

阵发性房颤患者房颤发作时心房电极植入的可行性

目的　探讨阵发性房颤患者在房颤发作时植入心房电极的方法和可靠性。方法　对 10例房颤发作时植入心房电极的患者与同期窦律下植入心房电极患者的植入时间、术中以及术后心房电极的感知、起搏功能进行对比随访观察。结果　阵发房颤患者恢复窦性心律后测定心房感知和起搏功能良好 ,房颤发作时所测得的房颤波振幅与窦性心律时所测心房波振幅有相关性 ,其手术时间和X线曝光时间与窦律下植入起搏器的患者无明显差异。结论　房颤发作时植入心房电极临床上是可行的     

起搏器更换时持续性心房颤动的发生情况分析

目的 探讨起搏器更换时持续性心房颤动(PAF)的发生情况.方法 124例行起搏器更换的患者根据病因分为病态窦房结综合征(SSS)组及房室阻滞(AVB)组,根据起搏模式分为DDD(R)及VVI(R)组,分析PAF的发生情况.结果 平均更换时间为(8.2±2.5)年,PAF发生率为26.6％(33/124).SSS组61例行VVI(R)起搏,22例行DDD(R)起搏.前者更换时PAF占34.4％(21/61),后者更换时PAF占18.2％(4/22).VVI(R)起搏PAF发生率高于DDD(R)起搏(34.4％对18.2％,P＜0.05).AVB组30例行VVI(R)起搏,11例行DDD(R)起搏.前者更换时PAF占23.3％ (7/30),后者更换时PAF占9.1％(1/11).VVI(R)起搏PAF发生率高于DDD(R)起搏(23.3％对9.1％,P＜0.05).结论 起搏器更换时PAF常见.无论是SSS或者AVB患者DDD(R)起搏PAF发生率低于VVI(R)起搏.     

Lasso环状标测电极导管指导心房颤动持续过程中心脏大静脉电隔离

目的:报道2例心房颤动(房颤)持续过程中Lasso环状标测电极导管(Lasso电极)指导心脏大静脉 (大静脉)电隔离治疗。方法:2例患者临床症状和心电图记录提示分别为阵发性房颤(PAF)和持续性房颤。经股静脉和颈内静脉穿刺置入右心室和冠状静脉窦电极导管,并行房间隔穿刺和选择性大静脉造影。置入10极 Lasso电极进行大静脉标测。应用普通温控消融导管以局部异常电活动相对最早或频率最快、最紊乱处开始消融,在房颤持续过程中电隔离大静脉至左房连接处,以房颤终止和异常电活动消失或后者与心房电活动无关为消融终点。结果:2例患者共消融7条大静脉。1例PAF患者完成上腔静脉(SVC)和右上肺静脉(RSPV)电隔离后,消融左上肺静脉(LSPV)过程中房颤终止。另1例持续性房颤患者完成SVC、RSFV、LSPV及右下肺静脉电隔离,加做左房峡部、三尖瓣-下腔静脉峡部线性消融后,同步电复律使房颤转为窦性心律。随访1年,无房颤复发和相关并发症。结论:Lasso电极指导下应用普通温控消融导管可于心房颤动持续过程中电隔离大静脉而治疗房颤。     

心房晚电位预测老年人阵发性心房颤动的价值

目的:探讨心房晚电位预测阵发性心房颤动的价值。方法:以P波触发体表信号平均心电图记录技术测试55例老年人(正常组),35例有单发房性早搏者(房早组)及50例阵发性心房颤动患者(房颤组)的心房晚电位(包括滤波后P波时限,P波终末20 ms、30 ms、40 ms的电压均方根值)并进行比较分析。结果:滤波后P波时限:较之正常组与房早组,房颤组的显著延长(P<0.01),正常组与房早组无显著差异(P>0.05)。P波终末20 ms电压均方根值:正常组为(5.89±2.07)μV,房早组为(5.03±2.04)μV,房颤组为(3.96±1.80)μV,较之正常组与房早组,房颤组的显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),正常组与房早组无显著差异(P>0.05);P波终末30 ms电压均方根值:较之正常组、房早组,房颤组的显著降低(P<0.01.P<0.05).房早组亦较正常组显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:P波触发体表信号平均心电图记录心房晚电位可作为预测阵发性心房颤动的一个快速、无创性指标。     

The value of transtelephonic electrocardiogram monitoring system during the “Blanking Period” after ablation of atrial fibrillation

Objective

The aim of our study was to investigate the value of the transtelephonic electrocardiogram (TTECG) monitoring system during a “blanking period” of 3 months after ablation by analyzing the frequency of atrial arrhythmias episodes and the relationship between the frequency of atrial fibrillation (AF) attacks and long-term follow-up outcomes.

Methods

Ninety-two patients with AF received primary ablation and were fitted with an external loop recorder for daily and symptomatic patient-triggered detection of AF recurrence during a “blanking period,” which was defined as 3 months after discharge. All patients received regularly scheduled clinical follow-up programs that included 24-hour Holter for 12 months. Atrial fibrillation recurrence was defined as an episode of AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia lasting for 30 seconds or longer, which was documented on TTECG or 24-hour Holter. After the 12th month of monitoring, patients were divided into 2 groups based on the follow-up data: a recurrence group and a nonrecurrence group.

Results

A total of 18?969 TTECGs were received, the rate of effective TTECGs was 96.1% (18?236/18?969). At the end of the blanking period, 39 (42.4%) patients with AF recurrence were recorded by TTECG monitoring, whereas 27 (29.3%) patients were recorded by electrocardiogram and 24-hour Holter monitoring (P = .032). By analyzing the TTECG diagnosis, the percentage of total AF attacks in the recurrence group was higher than in the nonrecurrence group (median: 27.8% versus 10.6%, P < .01). The percentage of monthly AF attacks in the recurrence group occurred at a high level during the blanking period (sequent: 24.4%, 32.4%, and 28.1%; P = .65). There was also a certain amount of AF attacks in the nonrecurrence group during the blanking period, but the percentage of AF attacks in this group significantly decreased each month (sequent: 18.6%, 11.0%, and 4.9%; P < .01).

Conclusion

The TTECG monitoring was superior to the standard electrocardiogram and 24-hour Holter recordings in evaluating AF recurrence after ablation. Atrial arrhythmias episodes were common during the blanking period whether the long-term follow-up outcome was a success or a failure. Atrial fibrillation attacks during the blanking period did not indicate failure of ablation in long-term outcomes. However, frequent and nonsignificantly decreasing AF attacks during the blanking period indicated a high probability of failure of AF ablation in long-term follow-up outcomes.     

阵发性房颤射频消融术后空白期内房性心律失常与房颤远期复发的关系

目的 探讨阵发性房颤射频消融术后3个月（“空白期”）内房性心律失常的发作趋势与远期复发的关系.方法 入选在我院接受首次环肺静脉电隔离射频消融术的阵发性房颤患者50例,并于术后3个月内每月行24h动态心电图检查,同时进行术后定期临床随访和监测12个月.根据术后第12个月体表心电图、24h动态心电图监测及临床随访结果,分为房颤复发组和无复发组,比较复发组患者与无复发组患者术后3个月内房性心律失常发生率及随着时间推移两组房性心律失常的发作趋势.结果 术后第12个月体表心电图及24h动态心电图统计结果显示,房颤复发率为36.0％（18/50）,所有心电图中出现快速型房性心律失常心电图为26.9％,其中房颤20.2％、房扑2.0％、房速4.7％;房性早搏20.1％;窦性心动过缓2.0％.复发组患者术后3个月内房性心律失常的发生率高于无复发组（41.1％比10.2％,P＜0.05）,复发组患者术后3个月内房性心律失常的发生率维持在较高水平（术后3个月分别为44.4％、41.8％、38.5％,P＞0.05）.无复发组患者术后3个月可出现房颤复发,随着时间推移房性心律失常的发生率呈降低趋势（术后3个月分别为18.7％、10.5％、4.4％,P＜0.01）.结论 早期复发不能代表消融失败和晚期复发,但早期房性心律失常发作频繁,则晚期房颤复发的危险性增加.     

Prevalence of atrial fibrillation with insertable cardiac monitors in cryptogenic stroke: A single-center experience

Background

The use of insertable cardiac monitors (ICM) has increased the rate of detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) among cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients. We describe a single-center experience for AF detection among CS patients receiving ICMs upon discharge after the index stroke event and attempt to identify predictors for AF detection.

实验犬心房纤颤模型的制备

目的 :应用外科手术方法制备心房纤颤模型。方法 :经实验犬左上肺静脉置入特制金属钩 ,钩断部分二尖瓣腱索 ,产生中度二尖瓣返流。结果 :术后观察 12周 ,房颤诱发率 75 %。结论 :本模型建立方法临床模拟性好 ,成功率高 ,可靠且简单易行。     

Changing axis deviation during atrial fibrillation

Changing axis deviation has been reported also during atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Changing axis deviation has been also reported during acute myocardial infarction associated with atrial fibrillation too or at the end of atrial fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction. We present a case of changing axis deviation during atrial fibrillation in a 63-year-old Italian woman. Also this case focuses attention on changing axis deviation.     

老年心房颤动患者胶原代谢与基质金属蛋白酶表达的研究

目的 通过酶联免疫吸附方法,对心房颤动(房颤)患者血清胶原代谢标志物I型前胶原羧基端肽(carboxy terminal propeptide of type I procollagen,PICP)、I型前胶原氨基端肽(nitrogen terminal propeptide of type I procollagen,PINP)、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽(nitrogen terminal propeptide of typeⅢprocollagen,P Ⅲ NP)、I型胶原羧端交联肽(type I collagen carboxy terminal telopeptide,ICTP)和基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)及其内源性抑制剂金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,TIMPs)表达进行定量研究,以探讨房颤时心房的结构重构.方法 选取71例老年患者,其中永久性房颤组24例,阵发性房颤组24例,窦性心律组23例.应用ELISA法检测患者血清中PICP、PINP、PⅢNP、ICTP及MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-7、MMP-9、TIMP-1和TIMP-2的含量.结果 永久性房颤组PICP较阵发性房颤组及窦性心律组分别升高25.4%和42.8%(P<0.05).永久性房颤组PⅢNP较阵发性房颤组及窦性心律组分别升高17.9%和35.6%(P<0.05),阵发性房颤组较窦性心律组升高15.0%(P<0.05).3组间PINP和ICTP比较,差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05).阵发性房颤组MMP-1较窦性心律组升高25.6%(P<0.05).永久性房颤组MMP-2较阵发性房颤组及窦性心律组分别升高54.9%和37.9%(P<0.05).3组间MMP-7、MMP-9及TIMP-1比较,差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05).永久性房颤组及阵发性房颤组TIMP-2较窦性心律组下降21.8%和11.8%(P<0.05).结论 房颤时,MMPsTIMPs系统间相互作用失衡,使胶原合成与降解失衡,这可能是房颤时心房结构重构的机制之一,与房颤的发生和维持有关.     

风湿性心脏病合并心房颤动术中射频消融治疗的临床研究

目的:评价心内直视下射频消融(RFA)治疗风湿性心脏病合并心房颤动(AF)的手术疗效。方法:2003年8月至2004年4月,60例风湿性心脏病合并AF患者,其中男性25例(41.7%),女性35例(58.3%),年龄25～72岁,平均(50.77±1.43)岁,AF病史为1～240个月,平均(47.18±1.43)个月。心功能(NYHA)分级Ⅱ级16例,Ⅲ级39例,Ⅳ级5例,手术方式为二尖瓣或和主动脉瓣膜手术,同期三尖瓣成形22例、冠状动脉旁路移植术5例、左心房血栓清除12例,术中对AF进行RFA手术。结果:全组体外循环时间(112.58±28.31)min、平均心肌阻断时间(71.18±22.22)min,RFA手术时间平均(17.88±0.59)min。术后当日心律:窦性心律46例76.7%(4660),AF心律4例6.7%(460),结性和起搏心律患者AF转为窦性,为结性心律10例15.6%(1060);术后随访率83.3%(5060),平均随访(12.58±0.32)个月,术后远期76%(3850)保持窦性心律。结论:术中RFA术对风湿性心脏病合并AF患者是简单、有效的治疗方法,无明显增加体外循环与阻断时间。     

瓣膜置换同期直视下射频消融治疗房颤

目的 探讨瓣膜置换手术同期行双极射频消融治疗心房纤颤(AF)的效果.方法 选择40例有瓣膜置换手术指征的患者,随机分成2组,瓣膜置换合并房颤同期行双极射频消融组20例(治疗组)和同期行经典迷宫组20例(对照组),比较两种手术方法的早期治疗效果.结果 治疗组16例术后恢复窦性心律,转复率为80%.对照组12例术后恢复窦性心律,转复率为60%,两组相比房颤转复率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 瓣膜置换手术期间使用双极射频消融治疗心房纤颤是安全有效的,能使绝大部分患者恢复窦性心律及心房正常收缩功能.     

老年心房颤动患者应用华法林个体化剂量的研究

目的 探讨老年心房颤动(房颤)患者应用华法林的个体化剂量.方法 41例老年房颤患者,给予华法林抗凝治疗,治疗初始阶段每日监测国际标准化比值(INR),目标抗凝强度INR1.6～2.5.观察患者年龄、性别、身高、体质量等人口统计学指标以及合并用药、并存疾病等临床指标,测定血清白蛋白水平、INR等实验室指标,记录华法林剂量.结果 单因素分析显示,个体华发林剂量分别与以下指标相关:年龄(r=-0.535,P＜0.01)、性别(rs=-0.494,P＜0.01)、身高(r=0.484,P＜0.01)、体质量(r=0.453,P＜0.01)、体表面积(r=0.388,P＜0.05)、磺脲类降糖药物(rs=-0.446,P＜0.01)、白蛋白(r=0.520,P＜0.01);多元逐步回归分析中,年龄、白蛋白、性别、磺脲类依次进入回归方程,个体化剂量回归方程式可以解释65.4%的华法林个体剂量的变异(R-0.808,R2=65.4%).结论 老年房颤患者应用华法林抗凝治疗的个体化剂量可在治疗的初始阶段,根据患者的年龄、性别、是否合用磺脲类降糖药物及血清白蛋白水平等因素预测得到.