茶叶的医疗价值

茶叶作为饮品,不仅能补充水分,促进健康,更有一定的医疗价值。它含有丰富的营养成分和药理成分,如蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、游离氨基酸、纤维素以及维生素A、B1、B2、C、E等;常量元素有钾、钙、磷、镁;微量元素有铜、锌、铝、氟、锰、铁、碘、硒等。绿茶中的维生素C含量甚高,     

贵州野生仙人掌主要营养成分及致突变性研究

对仙人掌中蛋白质、氨基酸、钙、铁及微生素C含量进行测定,同时进行了毒性和致突变性研究。结果表明:仙人掌中含有丰富的氨基酸、钙和微生素C,并且无毒性及致突变性,该研究为仙人掌的进一步研究和合理应用提供理论依据。     

夏季警惕"啤酒综合征"

啤酒含有丰富的糖类、维生素、氨基酸、无机盐和多种微量元素等营养成分,素有"液体面包"和"液体微生素"的美称,是人们消暑度夏必不可少的饮品.适量饮用一些啤酒,可补充人体所需的多种营养素.但如果长期过量饮用,会对身体造成损害,并可引起下列"啤酒综合征".     

荸荠──道是果品也是药

荸荠,又名马蹄、地栗、红慈菇等,是莎草科植物荸荠的球茎。它的主要品种有江苏苏州的苏荠、浙江余杭的杭荠、广东的水马蹄等。荸荠是一种普通的果品,但营养丰富,即可生食又能熟吃,深受人们的喜爱。据食品测定,每100克（食部）荸荠中,含有蛋白质1.5克、脂肪0.5克、碳水化合物21.8克、粗纤维0.6克、钙5毫克、磷68毫克、铁0．5毫克。抗坏血酸3毫克,以及胡萝卜素、流胺素、核黄素、尼克酸等.可见,荸荠是碳水化合物含量很高的一种果品,含磷量也高。荸荠生吃,肉质脆嫩,清香味甜;熟食,肉质洁白而清脆爽口,炒、焯、烧、煨、炸食均可。值…     

春笋好吃有讲究

春笋一向被誉为“素食第一品”、“春天的菜王”。其味清淡而肉质鲜嫩．营养丰富，含有充足的水分、植物蛋白、脂肪、糖类：大量的胡萝卜素和维生素B1、B2、C、E以及钙、磷、铁等人体必需的营养成分和微量元素，纤维素和氨基酸的含量尤其高。     

金槐桂G9-2槐米的营养与有害成分含量分析

目的分析金槐桂G9-2槐米的营养与有害成分含量,为其进一步开发利用提供参考。方法采用国标方法,测定槐米中氨基酸、矿物元素和有害重金属含量,同时对有机氯农药残留量、黄曲霉毒素B1含量等进行分析。结果金槐桂G9-2槐米含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸总量(WEAA)33.14mg/g,非必需氨基酸总量(WNEAA)50.16mg/g,氨基酸总量(WTAA)88.44mg/g。氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为6.93、5.23、53.758。WEAA/WTAA37.47,WEAA/WNEAA66.07%,鲜味氨基酸总量占氨基酸总含量33.45%;K和Ca元素含量丰富,P和Mg含量也相对丰富,微量元素Fe的含量远高于同类食品中的含量;有害重金属、黄曲霉毒素B1和有机氯农药残留量低于允许量。结论金槐桂G9-2槐米氨基酸种类齐全,氨基酸总量较高,绝大部分必需氨基酸含量符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)模式,矿物质含量丰富,具有良好的经济价值和开发前景。     

不同刈割茬数淮扬金花菜干粉营养成分的比较分析

目的系统分析比较秋季大棚栽培淮扬金花菜(秧草)不同刈割茬数可食用嫩芽干粉营养成分。方法 2013年9月份种植的6座秧草大棚,每隔30天机器刈割一次,刈割6次,最后收集成熟期地上部分全草(种子未脱粒和脱粒后)以及干草秸,共计9茬。经低温真空干燥后超微粉碎成干粉。整个过程详细记录样品水分流失情况。采用标准食物营养成分检测方法进行系统的营养成分比较分析。结果前6茬刈割秧草嫩芽干粉中蛋白质含量>28.5%,且含有18种氨基酸,9种必需氨基酸,氨基酸模式与人体氨基酸模式接近,限制氨基酸为色氨酸和蛋氨酸;总膳食纤维含量24.6%~28.4%,脂肪含量4.0%~6.0%;含有丰富的维生素、矿物质及微量元素。其中前3茬秧草嫩芽干粉蛋白质含量分别为38.6%、37.9%和35.9%,脂肪含量分别为4.3%、5.1%及5.0%,总膳食纤维含量为25.4%、24.6%和27.2%。结论秋季大棚栽培秧草前6茬刈割的嫩芽干粉含有丰富的营养成分,以高蛋白、高膳食纤维、低脂肪为特征,且相应营养成分及含量不因刈割茬数的增加而发生明显变化。但种子成熟期样品营养素含量急剧下降,均不具直接食用价值。     

天然绿色营养品——花粉

近代科学研究证明花粉是天然绿色营养品。 由蜜蜂采集的“蜜源花粉”营养价值在自然界中是独一无二的。古代希腊人称之为“神仙的食物”。我国两千多年前《神农本草》中就有用花粉健身防痨的记载。据科学分析,花粉中含有丰富的营养成分,其中蛋白质含量高达25％～30％,为牛奶、鸡肉的7倍。有19种处于游离状态的氨基酸,易被人体吸收。并含有B_(12)之外的主部维生素,18种天然活性酶类,多种生物黄酮以及其他生理活性成分,27种微量元素,以及生长素、抗菌素和糖类等。     

春季野菜对症吃

春回大地,万物复苏,正是各种报春野蔬吐芽萌叶之时,它们不仅味道鲜美,而且还含有丰富的营养成分和各自独特的食疗保健功能。野菜的种类很多,通常人们采摘并食用的少说也有十几种。许多研究资料表明,野菜中含有丰富的胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C及其他维生素,还含有各种矿物盐类,其中特别有益的常量元素有钙、磷、镁、钾、钠以及微量元素铁、锌、铜、锰等。含量由多到少大致趋势恰恰符合人体需要量的分配。同时,野菜又是提供膳食纤维的很好     

云南通海曲陀关甜白酒营养成分分析及评价

[目的]对云南通海曲陀关甜白酒的营养成分进行分析和评价,为其产业化发展提供营养学的科学依据.[方法]采用国内外公认的标准方法,进行蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、总糖、总酸、无机元素等全营养成分分析. [结果]甜白酒的总糖含量达28%;蛋白质含量为2.84%,其中包括8种人体必需氨基酸且含量为990 mg,占氨基酸总量的40.4%;脂肪和无机元素含量较低. [结论]甜白酒是一种营养成分较丰富,还原糖含量较高、脂肪含量低,氨基酸构成合理的传统小吃.     

Tuberculosis in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the 1990s

The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) cases and deaths were analyzed in order to characterize the epidemiological profile of TB (incidence and mortality) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the 1990s. Annual incidence and mortality rates were calculated by gender, age bracket, and clinical forms of the disease using databases from the Tuberculosis Information System of the Bahia State Health Secretariat and the Mortality Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. TB spatial distribution was analyzed according to health district. Cases and deaths were predominantly in males in the 15 to 39 year group. The pulmonary form showed the highest incidence and mortality. The existing data did not corroborate the hypothesis that AIDS/TB co-infection might contribute to maintaining the high mortality rates. The greater occurrence of tuberculosis in certain health districts may be associated with population density and unfavorable living conditions.     

Arsenic,cadmium, cobalt,copper, lead,mercury, molybdenum,selenium and zinc concentrations in liver,kidney and muscle in Australian sheep

Matched muscle, liver and kidney samples from 152 sheep in different states of Australia were analysed for trace elements. Mean levels found in muscle, livers and kidneys were 0.010, 0.010 and 0.011 mg kg⁻¹ (fresh weight) for arsenic; 0.0035, 0.280 and 0.853 mg kg⁻¹ for cadmium; 0.006, 0.060 and 0.044 mg kg⁻¹ for cobalt; 0.74, 66.0 and 2.72 mg kg⁻¹ for copper; 0.007, 0.040 and 0.057 mg kg⁻¹ for lead; 0.0025, 0.0034 and 0.0061 mg kg⁻¹ for mercury; 0.014, 1.05 and 0.44 mg kg⁻¹ for molybdenum; 0.09, 0.31 and 0.95 mg kg⁻¹ for selenium; and 40.4, 37.2 and 20.8 mg kg⁻¹ for zinc. The lead, mercury and arsenic concentrations in meat and organs may be regarded as low, but the concentrations of cadmium in kidney and livers are sometimes relatively high. Apart from cadmium, lead and selenium, tissue trace element concentrations were not related to the age of the investigated animals. Differences in essential and non-essential trace element accumulation in sheep reared in different regions (states and territories) of Australia were also evaluated. Cadmium, lead and selenium were the only elements that appeared to show significant regional differences. Overall the results show that concentrations of the elements considered are within current acceptable ranges.     

Homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and cardiovascular risk in Indians, Malays, and Chinese in Singapore

OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that the higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Indians (South Asians) compared with Malays and Chinese is partly attributable to differences in blood concentrations of homocysteine, and related blood concentrations of folate and vitamin B12. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of the general population. SETTING: Singapore. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of 726 fasting subjects aged 30 to 69 years. MAIN RESULTS: Mean plasma total homocysteine concentrations did not show significant ethnic differences; values were Indians (men 16.2 and women 11.5 mumol/l), Malays (men 15.0 and women 12.5 mumol/l), and Chinese (men 15.3 and women 12.2 mumol/l). Similarly, the proportions with high plasma homocysteine (> 14.0 mumol/l) showed no important ethnic differences being, Indians (men 60.0 and women 21.9%), Malays (men 53.9 and women 37.8%), and Chinese (men 56.6 and women 30.6%). Mean plasma folate concentrations were lower in Indians (men 8.7 and women 10.9 nmol/l) and Malays (men 8.5 and women 10.8 nmol/l), than Chinese (men 9.7 and women 13.8 nmol/l). Similarly, the proportions with low plasma folate (< 6.8 nmol/l) were higher in Indians (men 44.9 and women 36.6%) and Malays (men 45.3 and women 24.5%) than Chinese (men 31.4 and women 12.6%). Mean plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were lowest in Indians (men 352.5 and women 350.7 pmol/l), then Chinese (men 371.1 and women 373.7 pmol/l), and then Malays (men 430.5 and women 486.0 pmol/l). CONCLUSION: While there were ethnic differences for plasma folate and vitamin B12 (in particular lower levels in Indians), there was no evidence that homocysteine plays any part in the differential ethnic risk from CHD in Singapore and in particular the increased susceptibility of Indians to the disease.     

Vitamins, selenium, iron, and coronary heart disease risk in Indians, Malays, and Chinese in Singapore

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that the higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Indians (South Asians) compared with Malays and Chinese is partly because of differences in antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E, and selenium) and pro-oxidants (iron). DESIGN: Cross sectional study of the general population. SETTING: Singapore. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of 941 persons aged 30 to 69 years. MAIN RESULTS: There were moderate correlations between vitamin A and vitamin E, and between these vitamins and selenium. Mean plasma vitamins A and E were similar by ethnic group. Vitamin A concentration for Indians were (men 0.66 and women 0.51 mg/l), Malays (men 0.67 and women 0.54 mg/l), and Chinese (men 0.68 and women 0.52 mg/l). Vitamin E concentrations for Indians were (men 12.9 and women 12.8 mg/l), Malays (men 13.6 and women 13.3 mg/l), and Chinese (men 12.6 and women 12.6 mg/l). In contrast, mean plasma vitamin C concentrations were lower in Indians (men 5.7 and women 6.9 mg/l) and Malays (men 5.1 and women 6.4 mg/l) than Chinese (men 6.3 and women 8.4 mg/l). Mean serum selenium was lower in Indians (men 117 and women 115 micrograms/l) than Malays (men 122 and women 122 micrograms/l) and Chinese (men 126 and women 119 micrograms/l). Mean serum ferritin was much lower in Indians (men 132 and women 50 micrograms/l) than Malays (men 175 and women 85 micrograms/l) and Chinese (men 236 and women 92 micrograms/l). MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Lower vitamin C and selenium in Indians, particularly in combination, could play a part in their increased risk of CHD. Vitamins A and E, and ferritin (iron) have no such role. Lower vitamin C in Indians and Malays is probably because of its destruction by more prolonged cooking. In Indians, lower selenium is probably because of a lower dietary intake and the much lower ferritin to a lower dietary intake of iron and its binding by phytates.

 

     

Passive smoking in bars, restaurants, and discotheques in Florence, Italy

BACKGROUND: "Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure in a sample of European cities" is the first European multicentre project intended to measure ETS exposure in public places in a number of European cities. OBJECTIVES: To present results of measurements of nicotine concentration in a number of bars, restaurants and discotheques in Florence, Italy. METHODS: The ETS marker was vapour-phase nicotine sampled by passive monitors. At least two monitors were placed in each of seven bars (five in hospitals; one at an airport; one at a railway station), and seven restaurants (three with smoking and non-smoking sections), and left in place for several days. In each of four discotheques two nicotine passive monitors were used as personal samplers. RESULTS: The average nicotine concentration in discotheques, restaurants and bars was respectively 26.78 micro/m3, 2.32 microg/m3 and 0.83 microg/m3. In the smoking section of restaurants with separated areas for smokers and non-smokers the average nicotine concentration was 2.54 microg/m3, which was similar to that measured in non-smoking sections (2.14 microg/m3).