中晚期肝癌动脉早期MSCT血管造影(英文)

目的探讨多层螺旋 CT 肝脏动脉早期扫描 CT 血管造影(MSCTA)在中晚期肝癌的临床应用价值。方法 63例临床确诊的中晚期肝癌病例,用 Trigger Bolus 对比剂示踪软件行自动触发全肝动脉早、晚期(一次屏气完成)和门脉期扫描,动脉早期图像数据经后处理获得肝脏 CT 血管造影图像。分析肝脏及癌肿血供系统 MSCTA 表现,以及静脉癌栓、动静脉瘘的MSCTA 表现。结果动脉早期扫描 MSCTA 能完整显示中晚期肝癌肝脏及癌肿供血动脉起源、形态、数目,显示动静脉瘘征象优于标准肝脏双期扫描。结论动脉早期扫描 MSCTA 在中晚期肝癌具有良好的临床应用前景,可作为中晚期肝癌治疗前进行综合评估的影像学检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在肝癌化疗栓塞中的临床指导作用

背景与目的：多层螺旋CT血管成像具有扫描速度快、覆盖范围大、肝脏血管图像清晰．多角度三维显示等特点,对肝脏病变的诊断和治疗已显示出重要价值。目前对于多层螺旋CT肝脏血管三维成像的研究主要集中在肝脏肿瘤、肝移植术前评价及肝脏血管系统解剖,对于指导肝癌动脉化疗栓塞的研究仍然有限。本研究通过对比分析肝癌患者肝脏多层螺旋CT血管成像（muhislice CT angiography,MSCTA）与数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography,DSA）图像．探讨MSCTA在肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗中的临床指导作用。方法：本组50例肝癌患者行多层螺旋CT肝脏双期增强扫描。采用最大密度投影（maximal intensitypmjection,MIP）和容积再现（volume rendering technique,VRT）重建技术行肝动脉、门静脉血管成像,再经股动脉插管分别行腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肾动脉、膈动脉DSA造影及TACE治疗,对比分析肝癌MSCTA与DSA图像。结果：肝动脉解剖分型和肿瘤供血动脉来源的DSA与MSCT的MIP、VRT血管成像显示符合率达到100％,χ^2检验,两者间差异无统计学意义（P=1．00）,而对肝动门脉瘘及门脉癌栓的显示MSCTA比DSA更有优势。结论：MSCTA检查无创、简单易行,其图像的三维重建立体感强,可准确提供肝动脉、门静脉及肿瘤供血来源等信息,对指导肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞有很好的临床指导作用。     

MSCTA供血动脉成像在肝脏常见肿瘤中的临床应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影（multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA）供血动脉成像在肝脏常见肿瘤诊断及术前评估中的应用。方法:收集2010年至2013年间肝脏肿瘤性病变患者30例,常规平扫后增强扫描。扫描完成后薄层重建原始数据,行VR、MPR、MIP等重建方式,观察肝脏肿瘤供血动脉情况及肝动脉变异征像。结果:30例患者中,26例发现供血动脉,其中肝癌14例,肝母细胞瘤2例,肝血管瘤6例,局灶性结节增生（focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH）3例,肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤1例,其中1例发现肝动脉变异。结论:运用MSCTA技术,可以确切的观察肝脏肿瘤一支或多支供血动脉及其形态表现,并可清晰显示动脉变异,对肿瘤病变术前诊断及手术、介入治疗方案设计具有重要的指导意义。     

256多层螺旋CT一站式扫描在原发性肝癌中的应用

摘 要：［目的］ 在原发性肝癌病例中应用Phillip 256 iCT机全肝CT灌注扫描模式,探讨其一站式扫描的可行性。［方法］ 对临床诊断为原发性肝癌的33例病例进行全肝CT灌注扫描及延迟扫描,获得多时相动态增强扫描图像,采用容积再现(VR)、多层面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影(MIP)等血管重建方法及肝脏灌注后处理软件。［结果］ 所有病例均获取良好的多时相动态增强扫描图像,通过后处理可获得全肝灌注图像及肝动脉CTA、门静脉CTPA图像。其中所有病例上全肝灌注图像可以观察到瘤灶动脉供血增多、门脉血供减少;肝动脉CTA发现肿瘤血管20例、动脉扭曲移位14例、肝外动脉供血3例;门静脉CTPA上观察到门脉癌栓4例。［结论］ 256多层CT一站式扫描可以评估原发性肝癌血管的形态及动态血流信息,全肝CT灌注成像可以量化评估肝内病灶血流灌注情况,实现肝脏一站式扫描,对肝癌的诊断及临床治疗有重要意义。     

16层螺旋CT肝脏三期扫描肝动脉三维重建对肝癌介入治疗的临床意义

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT肝脏三期扫描肝动脉三维重建对肝癌介入治疗的指导意义.方法 临床纳入原发性肝癌患者105例,所有患者均接受肝脏CT平扫以及三期增强扫描,并进行肝动脉期与门静脉期血管的三维重建,方法包括最大密度投影(MIP)以及容积再现(VR),比较2种重建方法对肝动脉以及门静脉吸痰的显示情况.此外,与同期进行肝动脉DSA的58例患者进行对比分析.结果 肝动脉期多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)可以清楚地显示出腹腔干主要分支、肝动脉、解剖变异肝动脉以及肿瘤的供血动脉.MIP与VP对2级以下肝动脉分支以及肿瘤供血动脉显示差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MIP与VP对3级以上肝动脉分支以及肿瘤供血动脉显示差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).进行DSA检查的患者中,显示4级以上肝动脉方面,DSA明显优于MIP(P<0.05);在3级以下肝动脉显示方面,MIP与DSA差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).门静脉期MSCTA能够清楚地显示出肝内静脉4级以上的分支,MIP与VR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MSCTA能够准确地显示肝脏血管系统以及其与原发性肝癌之间的联系,能够为外科及介入手术治疗提供可靠的客观依据.     

多层螺旋CT血管造影对原发性肝癌动静脉瘘和肝外供血动脉评估价值

目的 原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer,PLC)是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,治疗尤其是介入治疗前,需详细了解肝脏及肝脏肿瘤的血管准确解剖.多层螺旋CT血管造影(multislice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA)具有扫描速度快,覆盖范围广,后处理技术成熟等优势,本研究旨在探讨MSCTA在PLC患者肝动脉-门静脉瘘(hepatic artery-portal vein fistula,HAPVF)及肝外供血动脉术前评估中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2014-10-01-2015-10-01山东大学附属山东省肿瘤医院介入科收治的90例PLC患者MSCTA和数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)临床资料,评价HAPVF和肝动脉-肝静脉瘘(hepatic artery-hepatic vein fistula,HAHVF)发生率及其与肿瘤大小、部位和肝硬变程度的关系;肝外供血动脉与毗邻肿瘤的关系.以DSA结果为金标准,分析MSCTA评估PLC血管异常的准确性.结果 90例PLC患者中,共发现HAPVF 48例,发生率为53.3%,其中A组0例,B组5例(10.4%),C组17例(35.4%),D组26例(54.2%);中心型28例(58.3%),周围型20例(41.7%);Child-Pugh A级34例(70.8%),Child-Pugh B级12例(25%),Child-Pugh C级2例(4.2%).HAHVF 4例,发生率为4.4%.二元Logistics回归分析显示,肿瘤大小及肝硬变程度是HAPVF的独立危险因素,P<0.05.MSCTA共检出HAPVF 45例,中央型28例,准确率为100.0%(28/28);周围型17例,准确率85.0%(17/20);总体准确率为93.8%(45/48),与DSA结果进行比较,差异无统计学意义,χ2=3.097,P>0.05.19例患者存在24条肝外供血动脉,均发生于C组和D组,周围型和中心型分别为 87.5%和12.5%,MSCTA发现22条,两者比较差异无统计学意义,χ2=2.087,P>0.05.结论 MSCTA技术可准确显示HAPVF及肝外供血动脉,肿瘤大小及肝硬化分级是肝动-静脉瘘的独立危险因素.肝外供血动脉多发生于块状型、巨块型且位于多肝脏边缘区域的肝癌.     

Correlation of the Appearances of DSA with VEGF Expression and Its Clinical Significance in Patients with Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

目的探讨原发性肝癌患者的数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)水平之间的关系。方法对24例原发性肝癌患者30次进行DSA的同时选用酶联免疫吸附定量法检测血清的VEGF水平。结果24例HCC血管造影中,18例有肝动脉肿瘤染色,瘤区肝动脉染色15例为多血供,3例为少血供;4例仅表现为门静脉供血; 1例为肠系膜上动脉供血,且合并大量门静脉瘘;另1例肿瘤无血供,HCC组血清VEGF表达水平(194．5±14．2)ng/L与对照组(132．4±47．9)比较,有显著性差异(P<0．01)。结论肝癌病灶血供丰富或伴有动静脉瘘形成者,血循环中VEGF浓度明显增高,且和肝内播散、肝癌复发及转移呈正相关。     

盆腔肿瘤三维可视化

目的 探讨基于CTA断层图像重建盆腔肿瘤及周围结构数字模型及三维可视化的方法.方法 盆腔肿瘤患者1例,应用多层螺旋CT动脉造影技术(MSCTA),以层厚0.50mm进行腰骶椎薄层平扫,得到Dicom数据,导入Mimics软件,对盆腔肿瘤、供血血管、骨骼等进行半自动分割,以进行三维重建.结果 成功建立盆腔肿瘤及周围结构的三维数字可视化模型.结论 结合应用MSCTA二维图像与Mimics三维重建软件,建立的骶骨、盆腔肿瘤及其供血动脉等模型,既能够显示盆腔血管系统的空间位置关系,又可显示盆腔肿瘤的大小、位置、性质、供血动脉及其骶骨破坏情况,有助于术前模拟和预测.     

320排CT对肝癌的诊断价值研究

目的评价320排CT和CT血管造影(CTA)三维辅助成像技术在肝癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析41例合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的肝癌患者在介入治疗前分别行肝脏320排CT和16排CT的CTA影像资料,比较两种CT在显示肝内瘤灶、PVTT、动静脉瘘(AVF)和肝动脉起源走行等方面的差异。结果以数字减影血管造影(DSA)为参照,41例PVTT患者中应用320排CT诊断瘤灶39例,明显优于16排CT诊断的32例;320排CT和16排CT诊断瘤灶的灵敏度分别为97.6%和92.7%,诊断AVF的准确度分别为97.1%和85.4%;两者对肝动脉起源走行和解剖变异的显示基本一致。结论 320排CT和CTA除了具备16排CT的优点外,还能以更高的图像质量完成对肿瘤及肝脏血管的四维成像,诊断原发性肝癌更快速、准确,对介入治疗更具指导意义。     

原发性肝癌合并肝动静脉瘘的介入治疗之临床分析

目的 探讨合并肝动静脉瘘的原发性肝癌患者介入栓塞治疗的安全性和近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析42例经数字减影血管造影术(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)造影证实合并肝动静脉瘘的原发性肝癌病例,收集介入术前后临床资料,总结瘘口栓塞方法、栓塞效果和术后不良反应,分析血生化指标改变.结果 38例肝动脉-门静脉瘘患者中的31例(81.6％)和4例肝动脉-肝静脉瘘中的2例(50.0％)瘘口栓塞有效;介入及封堵术后无明显肝功能损伤,无严重并发症发生.结论 对于合并肝动静脉瘘的原发性肝癌患者,介入联合瘘口栓塞是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

MRI、DSA和碘油CT联合应用对肝硬化结节癌变的诊断价值

背景与目的:肝硬化结节癌变是肝硬化转变成为肝癌的必经阶段,早期发现和早期干预对提高患者的生存率具有重要意义。本研究探讨联合应用MRI、DSA和碘油CT对肝硬化结节癌变诊断价值,旨在早期发现肝硬化结节癌变。方法:收集经病理证实的肝硬化癌变病例18例,所有患者均行MRI、DSA和和碘油CT检查,分析MRI、DSA和碘油CT对肝硬化结节恶变的诊断价值。结果:18例患者中共有31个病灶,其中MRI发现病灶29个,肿瘤病灶T1WI呈低信号12个,高信号9个,等信号8个;T2WI呈稍高信号20个,等信号9个;DWI呈高信号23个;三期动态增强扫描呈"快进快出"共18个,"快进慢出"3个,持续强化3个;另有5个病灶因T1WI呈高信号,强化表现观察不满意。DSA发现27个病灶,表现为肿瘤血管生成、血管扭曲、血供增多、肿瘤染色;2周后复查碘油CT,31个病灶均有碘油沉积。结论:MRI、DSA和碘油CT联合应用能提高肝硬化结节癌变的诊断准确性,从而早期发现肝硬化结节癌变。     

Phenotype Changes in Tumor Vessels Associated with the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by hypervascularityand tumor staining in angiograms, and tumor angiogenesis isconsidered indispensable for tumor growth. HCC is also characterizedby an obvious multistage process of tumor progression. To findout in which stage of human hepatocarcinogenesis angiogenesisoccurs, we have carried out a pathological study, of the phenotypicchanges in tumor vessels taken from surgically resected livertumors showing each step of the progression. Eleven early advancedHCCs (advanced HCC component in early HCC nodule, eAd HCQ, sevenearly HCCs (eHCQ and six adenomatous hyperplasias (AH), thenon-tumorous liver surrounding each and five normal livers werestudied by lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Thesinusoidal endothelial cells from the nontumorous liver wereshown to be negative for UEA-I (Ulex europaeus I), but the endothelialcells from the sinusoidal tumor vessels in advanced HCC componentswere strongly positive. In AH and eHCC, half the tumors werenegative and the other half focally positive. In the early HCClesion of eAdHCC, the rate of positivity for UEA-I was a littlehigher than in AH and eHCC but lower than in advanced HCC lesionsin eAdHCC. Immunohistochemically, laminin was not detected inthe sinusoids in the non-tumorous liver or in the sinusoidaltumor vessels in AH and eHCC. In eAdHCC, however, two earlyHCC lesions and four advanced HCC lesions were positive. Animmunohistochemical examination for muscle actin revealed anincrease in arterial tumor vessels in six advanced HCC lesionsand one early HCC lesion of eAdHCC The results indicate theemergence of UEA-l-positive sinusoidal tumor vessels to be mostpronounced during the progression from eHCC to advanced HCC,and laminin-positive sinusoidal tumor vessels or actin-positivearterial tumor vessels to emerge mainly in advanced HCC.     

A successful case of systemic chemotherapy followed by liver resection for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with highly vascular invasion and multiple pulmonary metastases

The prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis or vascular invasion is very poor. We treated a case successfully by combining chemotherapy and liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with multiple pulmonary metastases and vascular invasion. A 56-year-old man who complained of abdominal pain in his right side was transported to the hospital by ambulance. Because CT scan revealed the rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma, he underwent emergency transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). A close examination revealed tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava and posterior segment of the portal vein branch, with multiple pulmonary metastases. We conducted right hepatic lobectomy and removal of the inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. After the operation, pulmonary metastatic lesions gradually grew larger, so the oral administration of S-1 at 120 mg per day was started. At the end of the first course, the CT scan revealed that multiple pulmonary metastases were significantly reduced, and treatment was maintained until the end of 4 courses. A prolongation of survival could be expected by combining systemic chemotherapy and liver resection for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma such as the present case.     

肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后复发的临床相关因素研究

目的：研究中晚期肝细胞肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）后肝内复发的临床相关因素,为原发性肝癌患者制定合理的治疗方案及为介入治疗预后提供理论依据。方法：收集2006年1月-2011年10月经TACE治疗的454例中晚期肝细胞肝癌,进行单因素分析和Cox比例风险模型分析。结果：治疗有效率有意义的影响因素为：有无乙肝、是否手术、单发与多发、有无腹水、介人次数。预后有意义的影响因素为：谷丙转氨酶、白蛋白、胆红素、有无动静脉瘘、肿瘤类型、门脉癌栓、是否手术、介入次数、治疗间隔。结论：中晚期肝癌经TACE术后复发由多种因素决定,对谷丙转氨酶、白蛋白、胆红素正常,肿瘤相对局限、手术后患者,无门静脉癌栓的患者积极行介入化疗术,可获得较好的疗效。TACE术前评估肝癌术后复发的相关因素有利于治疗方法的选择及判断预后。     

Usefulness of digital subtraction imaging with Levovist in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomas

To classify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the findings of digital subtraction imaging (DSI) and to compare DSI against other diagnostic imaging modalities to assess its reliability DSI was performed in 68 patients with HCC (72 nodules) and the enhancement patterns of blood flow in the tumor were assessed during the early phase, the portal phase and the late phase. In addition, the findings obtained by DSI were compared with those obtained by helical CT, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), CO2 angiography and CT during arterial portography (CTAP). Of the 72 nodules, blood flow was detected in 64 (88.9%) by early-phase DSI, in 61 (84.7%) by helical CT, in 62 (86.1%) by DSA and in 67 (93.1%) by CO2 angiography. Early-phase DSI did not demonstrate hypervascular enhancement in 8 HCC nodules (16.7%). These included 5 nodules in which other diagnostic imaging modalities also failed to identify tumor blood vessels and 3 nodules located in deep regions 87.5 mm or more from the body surface. With regard to these 5 nodules (10.4%) in which tumor vessels were not visualized during the early phase, late-phase DSI demonstrated relatively poor enhancement compared with normal hepatic parenchyma. Such late-phase defects in tumor enhancement were observed in 69 nodules (95.8%). DSI demonstrated characteristic findings of HCC enhancement during the early phase, the portal phase and the late phase, permitting classification of HCC to be performed.     

肝癌破裂出血TAE后行肝切除及区域化疗的效果

目的：探讨肝癌破裂出血采用肝动脉栓塞术（TAE）止血后施行肝切除及区域性化疗的效果。方法：对27例肝癌破裂行急诊TAE止血，3～14天内开腹手术。结果：27例中，肝功能属Child A级5例，B级14例，C级8例，TAE止血率达100％。肝癌均获延期切除，其中半肝切除9例，中叶切除2例，局部切除9例，肿瘤切出1例．多发癌结节犬部分切除6例。术中均行腹腔温热化疗及肝动脉、门静脉插管术后灌注化疗。手术死亡率3．7％、1、3、5年生存率和无瘤生存率分别为80．1％和65．4％，68，4％和42．1％，27．3％和18.2％。结论：TAE止血及改善全身状况后手术，有利于提高肝癌切除率及行综合治疗，是提高该病疗效的有效方法。