胸椎嗜酸性肉芽肿1例及文献复习

目的结合脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像表现,加强对脊柱椎体破坏性疾病的鉴别诊断能力。方法分析1例胸椎嗜酸性肉芽肿病人的CT及MRI表现,同时就脊柱椎体破坏伴周围软组织影的影像诊断文献予以复习。结果 CT示T7椎体呈楔形,其内可见溶骨性骨质破坏,T6、T8椎体前缘局部皮质不规则,可见骨质破坏;周围软组织呈明显梭形增厚;诸椎间盘信号正常,椎间隙未见变窄。MRI平扫示T7椎体呈楔形,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,T2WI抑脂序列呈高信号,周围可见软组织影包绕;T6、T8椎体于T2WI抑脂序列上信号略增高。MRI增强示T7椎体呈均匀强化;周围软组织影呈均匀强化,强化方式与病变椎体一致。手术后病理学检查结果符合骨的朗格汉斯细胞增生症。结论脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿椎体破坏多位于椎体中部,典型表现为"扁平椎"或"铜板椎",椎间盘不受累,增强扫描椎旁软组织明显强化,信号改变及强化方式与病变椎体一致等影像特点是鉴别诊断的关键。     

The evolution of eosinophilic granuloma of bone: A case report

A case of eosinophilic granuloma in the humerus of a three and a half year old boy is described with serial roentgenographic evidence of the lesion developing over a period of two months prior to the commencement of treatment. After open biopsy and local steroid injection the lesion was observed to heal during the next ten months.     

Cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa: report of two cases

We report two cases of cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa. On CT the lesions appeared as a nonspecific, nonenhancing soft-tissue mass with bone erosion. On MRI they were seen as areas of high signal intensity surrounded by a low-intensity peripheral zone on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when pneumatised cellsin the temporal bone become obstructed. Although this lesion usually occurs in the petrous bone, it can extend to the middle cranial fossa. The diagnosis and surgical management are discussed.     

神经梅毒的磁共振成像表现(附二例报告)

目的：提高对神经梅毒MRI表现的认识。方法：1例血清密螺旋体抗体阳性的患者经手术后病理证实为脑梅毒树胶肿；另1例患者脑脊液梅毒抗体检测（PA法）阳性，经内科治疗后临床症状消退。2例均行MRI检查。结果：2例脑梅毒树胶肿的MRI表现较典型，T1WI示：病灶为低信号或等、低混杂信号灶，呈类圆形，直径约2．0－2．5cm，位于大脑皮层及皮层下，周围水肿明显；T2WI示：病灶为高信号或等、高、低混杂信号灶；钆喷替酸葡甲胺（Gd-DTPA）增强T1WI示病灶呈不规则环形强化，邻近脑膜强化，且最大病变层面显示病变的边缘与周围脑膜以钝角相交。结论：神经梅毒确诊一般需依赖实验室检查或病理组织学检查，但出现MRI高度怀疑的征象对早期发觉和诊断该病具有重要临床意义。     

MRI诊断骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的价值

目的：探讨MRI对骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的诊断及分期价值。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的27例骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的临床和影像学资料。结果：病灶单发23例,多发4例。4例病灶呈斑片状骨破坏,边缘清但不规则;14例呈类圆形骨质破坏,边界清楚、规则,周围骨髓及软组织明显肿胀;9例呈斑片状骨破坏伴周围硬化,中间伴见分隔。所有病灶T1WI均呈低信号,T2WI呈低于周围骨髓的稍高信号,STIR呈高信号;三维容积快速采集（LAVA）动态增强扫描4例急性期病灶呈持续性环状明显强化,14例肉芽肿期病灶呈均匀持续性强化,9例修复期病灶早期强化不明显而延迟期呈轻度环状、分隔状强化;6例出现骨膜反应。结论：MRI能充分显示骨嗜酸性肉芽肿痛变的范围、细节,能提示病变的分期,对临床诊断、治疗本病具有重要的参考价值。     

Eosinophilic granuloma: MRI manifestations

The appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 16 cases of pathologically proven eosinophilic granuloma were reviewed retrospectively and correlated with the radiographic appearance of the lesion. The most common MR appearance (ten cases) was a focal lesion, surrounded by an extensive, ill-defined bone marrow and soft tissue reaction with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, considered to represent bone marrow and soft tissue edema (the flare phenomenon). The MRI manifestations of eosinophilic granuloma, especially during the early stages, are nonspecific, and may simulate an aggressive lesion such as osteomyelitis or Ewings sarcoma, or other benign bone tumors such as osteoid osteoma or chrondroblastoma.     

烟雾病MRI和MRA诊断价值(附16例报告)

目的；评价MRI和MRA对烟雾病的诊断价值。方法：分析16例烟雾病患者的MRI、MRA表现和临床资料。MRA采用三维时间飞跃法。结果：16例患者MRA检查均显示不同程度的颈内动脉分叉以上狭窄或闭塞，其中17支后交通动脉增粗，4支眼动脉增粗；16例显示基底节区异常血管网，其中6例同时显示后部异常血管网；10例显示软脑膜吻合支增多；MRI显示脑出血或脑梗塞等脑实质改变，并能显示基底节区异常血管点状流空。结论：MRI和MRA是诊断烟雾病的有效非创伤性检查方法。对该病的诊断、筛选、随访和外科5一的评价有较大价值。     

骨嗜酸性肉芽肿影像误诊分析（附5例报告）

目的：探讨骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像误诊原因。方法：收集经手术病理证实的5例X线、CT及1例MRI片,由三名医生共同分析影像表现及临床资料。结果：5例分别误诊良性肿瘤、骨髓炎、结核、转移瘤及动脉瘤样骨囊肿。特点：5例均为儿童及青年、病灶均为该病的好发部位。影像表现主要为髓腔或骨松质溶骨性破坏,边缘稍有硬化。结论：在熟悉该病的X线表现基础上,与CT或MRI相互补充、印证,结合临床表现全面分析,有可能减少误诊。     

脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI诊断

目的分析脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现,探讨MRI对该病的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析10例经手术和病理证实的脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现。结果10例脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿主要表现为T1WI等或低信号,T2WI及STIR像为高或混杂信号;椎体呈楔形或扁平状,其中9例前后径增加,3例左右径增加;6例形成椎旁软组织肿块,其中5例表现为袖套状;邻近椎间盘形态正常或轻度膨隆;增强扫描,病变及周围软组织肿块呈明显不均匀强化。结论脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现有一定特点,对于诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现

目的探讨脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现. 资料与方法搜集经手术病理证实的脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿患者12例,所有病例均进行了X线平片及MRI检查,重点分析其MRI表现. 结果发生于颈椎3例,胸椎7例,腰椎2例.12例椎体均呈不规则性破坏,MRI表现为楔形或盘状改变,12例中2例椎间隙轻度变窄,2例椎旁软组织肿胀,1例椎弓根及椎板受累;所有病例于T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI呈高信号,脂肪抑制序列STIR呈高信号改变,增强扫描呈均匀性强化. 结论 MRI能准确显示病变范围、结构及邻近组织改变,大部分病例根据临床及MRI表现,可作出正确诊断,但确诊仍需依靠病理活检.     

骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现与病理对照分析

目的研究骨嗜酸性肉芽肿(EGB)影像学表现与生物学行为相关性,提高对EGB的认识。方法回顾分析31例EGB的影像表现及病理特征。结果影像表现:早期病灶5例(16.1%),中期病灶23例(74.2%),晚期病灶3例(9.7%),病理所见:早期病灶3例(9.7%),中期病灶26例(83.9%),晚期病灶2例(6.4%)。结论EGB影像学表现与病理过程有较一致的相对应关系,只是早期病理改变略早于X线表现,EGB影像学分期有利于指导临床治疗。     

Imaging of calvarial eosinophil granuloma

We reviewed the imaging of four pathologically proven calvarial eosinophil granulomas. The diameter of the lesions ranged from 13 to 40 mm; three were biconvex, but the other had a collar-stud appearance. Two lesions were in the frontal and two in the parietal bone. On bone-window CT, a bevelled edge was seen in three cases and button sequestration in one, but no sclerotic rim was shown. Although one lesion had a low-density area, the lesions were slightly denser than grey matter. They were isointense with grey or white matter on T1-weighted MRI and gave heterogeneous high signal on proton-density and T2-weighted images. All enhanced markedly, with a less strongly enhancing portion within them. A tail of dural enhancement and reactive change in the overlying galea or temporal muscle were seen in all cases. Received: 24 November 1998 Accepted: 5 February 1999     

脑桥中央髓鞘溶解症MRI表现(附4例报告)

目的:探讨脑桥中央髓鞘溶解症(central pontine myelinolysis,CPM)磁共振成像特点。方法:回顾分析我院经临床及影像学检查确诊的4例CPM患者的MRI表现,总结其诊断及鉴别要点。结果:CPM的MRI表现:①T1WI病灶呈低信号,T2WI为高信号影;②病灶多为蝴蝶形或环形;③病变位于脑桥中央,皮质脊髓束的轴索无损害。结论:脑桥中央髓鞘溶解症MRI表现有一定特征性,根据MRI可做出正确诊断。     

MR imaging findings of pyogenic bacterial myositis (pyomyositis) in patients with local muscle trauma: illustrative cases

Pyogenic myositis (pyomyositis) represents a bacterial infection of muscle, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus that is endemic in tropical regions. Pyomyositis commonly affects patients who are immunocompromised or who have underlying chronic disorders. Lower extremity localization of infection is typical. The most common pattern of disease, however, appears to be a solitary abscess in the quadriceps musculature. Delay in accurate diagnosis is frequent and clinical deterioration can be precipitous. In view of the high associated morbidity, early imaging to detect, localize, and define disease extent is important. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the definitive diagnosis of pyomyositis. This article provides a pictorial illustration of the spectrum of MRI findings associated with pyogenic myositis.     

肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线及CT表现

目的 分析肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线及CT表现,提高对该病的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析8例肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的临床资料,所有患者均经穿刺活榆或手术切除后病理证实.全部患者均行X线平片检查;6例行螺旋CT平扫,其中1例行CT增强扫描.结果 8例肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿均为单发;6例发生于前肋,2例发生于后肋;X线均表现为单房类圆形骨质破坏,境界较清楚.CT扫描表现:5例呈膨胀性骨质破坏,骨皮质变薄,3例呈溶骨件骨质破坏,病灶周围形成软组织肿块;1例行CT增强扫描,病灶呈中度较均匀强化.结论 肋骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线平片和CT表现有一定的特征性.     

骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现,以提高对本病的认识。方法:回顾性分析15例经病理证实的骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学特征。结果:15例中,单发者14例,多发者1例。单发者其中颅骨3例,髋臼2例,脊柱3例,肋骨1例,四肢长骨5例。主要影像学表现为骨质破坏、骨皮质改变、骨膜增生和软组织肿胀或肿块。术前诊断正确11例,误诊为尤文氏瘤2例、骨髓炎和骨结核各1例。结论:骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现有一定的特征,综合分析可提高对本病的诊断水平,有助于临床诊断。     

磁共振成像在烟雾病诊断中的应用价值探讨

目的：旨在探讨磁共振成像在烟雾病诊断中的临床应用价值。材料和方法：对7例烟雾病病人的MRI和MRA征象进行分析。MRI检查包括应用SE序列T1加权像和T2加权像,MRA检查采用三维时间飞跃法,对源图像做最大强度投影重建血管影像。结果：所有病例的MRI和MRA均表现为双侧颈内动脉末端,大脑中动脉和大脑前动脉狭窄或闭塞,颅底部纤细的侧枝不血管呈网状分布,脑膜中动脉和眼动脉增粗,5例有脑实质内急性或亚急性出血;2例合并脑梗塞。结论：MRI能全面显示脑实质内的各种影象病理改变,MRA更为直观地显示颅内血管改变,MRI与MRA的应用对烟雾病诊断有重要价值。     

眼眶骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学诊断简

目的：探讨眼眶骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的CT表现及临床特点,以提高对本病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析2009年9月至2013年2月经手术及病理证实的8例嗜酸性肉芽肿患者的临床特点、影像学特征及术后复查情况。结果 CT表现：3例呈溶骨性破坏,边界不清,呈地图样,边缘骨质硬化,内可见碎骨片,周围可见软组织肿块,肿块范围大于骨质破坏范围;2例呈虫蚀样骨质破坏;3例表现为穿凿样骨质破坏,边界锐利,无明显硬化边,其内被软组织密度影充填,并突破骨质,侵犯硬脑膜及颅骨内、外板向眶内外生长。磁共振成像多表现为等或长T1长T2信号影,T2压脂序列病灶呈低信号,其间可夹杂高信号。术后随访2年,3例病变基本愈合,与正常骨质无明显区别,5例钛网固定良好,8例均未见复发。结论眼眶骨嗜酸性肉芽肿易与其他恶性病变相混淆,正确诊断有赖于临床、影像学、病理相结合,综合细致的全面分析有利于提高对本病的诊断水平。     

Calcific myonecrosis: a report of ten new cases with an emphasis on MR imaging

The aim of this study is to report the typical radiographic and MR imaging features of calcific myonecrosis, which help to distinguish this rare entity from other causes of a calcifying calf mass. Ten patients with a final diagnosis of calcific myonecrosis were referred to a specialist orthopaedic oncology service in a 5-year period with the presumptive diagnosis of malignancy based on recent clinical presentation and imaging findings. Radiographs were available for retrospective review in all ten cases and MR imaging in six. All patients presented with a slow-growing painless calf mass. All gave a history of major trauma to the lower leg many years before, but in only two cases did the referring clinician query whether trauma might be a contributory factor. Radiographs showed well-defined fusiform mineralised masses up to 25 cm in length arising within the calf. The calcification was consistently peripheral and plaque-like. Ossification was not present. MR imaging showed the anterior compartment to be involved in four cases and all compartments in two. T1- and T2-weighted images showed peripheral low signal intensity, more prominent on the T2-weighted images, because of the peripheral mineralization. The contents of the masses were variable on T1-weighted images depending on the differing amounts of blood breakdown products and were heterogeneous on T2-weighted images. The latter may be explained by a combination of the mineralisation and T2 shortening due to blood breakdown products. A gadolinium chelate, administered in two cases, failed to show any appreciable enhancement. Calcific myonecrosis has characteristic clinical, radiographic and MR features that should make the condition easy to recognise. Despite its rarity, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of focal mineralisation of the calf.     

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: MR imaging findings

We present a case of subcutaneous granuloma annulare evaluated with MR imaging. The mass was poorly defined and showed thickened interconnecting strands with low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MR images. When a poorly defined subcutaneous mass with low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted MR images is observed in an otherwise healthy child, subcutaneous granuloma annulare should receive serious consideration. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare should be added to the list of tumors with short T2.