Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for symptomatic uterine fibroid treatment – A clinical study

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and therapeutic effects of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous microwave thermal ablation (PMTA) in situ for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroid.

Materials and methods: The microwave (MW) antenna was percutaneously inserted into the fibroid under US guidance to perform the ablation. The ultrasound images, any complications and side effects were assessed during and after ablation. The shrinkage rate of the fibroid was calculated after the treatment.

Results: Forty patients underwent the treatment. The baseline fibroid volume was 14.6 to 341.1 cm³ (mean 140.1?±?87.4 cm³). When the MW therapy started, a heightened echo around the MW emission aperture of the antenna was observed and gradually propagated throughout the fibroid while the ablation continued. The mean ablation time was 490 s. Contrast enhanced MRI showed no enhancement in the fibroid post-ablation. The shrinkage rate of the fibroid was 61.8%, 78.7%, 73.2% and 93.1% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after ablation, respectively. Six patients felt pain in their lower abdomens or waists within 12 hours post-ablation, and the discomfort rapidly disappeared. Seven patients had a small amount of vaginal bloody secretions within one to two weeks after treatment, and six of these patients recovered from the bleeding without any therapy after one week. No patient developed complications and fever during or after the ablation.

Conclusions: PMTA for fibroid is feasible and safe, and it is an easy and fast procedure that is minimally invasive.     

Benign thyroid nodules treatment using percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA)

Purpose: To evaluate the reduction over time of benign thyroid nodules treated using percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) by the same equipe.

Materials and methods: Ninety patients (age 55.6?±?14.1 years) underwent ablation for benign thyroid nodule causing compression/aesthetic dissatisfaction from 2011. Fifty-nine (age 55.8?±?14.1 years) underwent RFA and 31 (age 55.2?±?14.2 years) PLA, ultrasound guided. Technical success, complications, duration of ablation and treatment, energy deployed, volumetric percentage reduction at 1, 6 and 12 months were derived. A regression model for longitudinal measurements was used with random intercept and random slope. Values are expressed as mean?±?standard deviation or N (%).

Results: Technical success was always obtained. No major complications occurred. Mean ablation time was 30.1?±?13.8 vs. 13.9?±?5.9?min (p?Conclusions: RFA and PLA are similarly feasible, safe and effective in treating benign thyroid nodules when performed by the same equipe. RFA is faster than PLA but require significantly higher energy.     

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of solitary T1N0M0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: Initial experience

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave (MW) ablation for solitary T1N0M0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Materials and methods: A total of 21 patients (six men and 15 women; age range, 29–81 years; mean, 52.1?±?13.6 years) with 21 nodules of pathologically proven solitary papillary carcinoma 3.7 to 10.0?mm in diameter without clinically apparent lymph node, or distant metastasis at diagnosis (T1N0M0) were treated with MW ablation in our department. Microwaves were emitted at 40?W for 400?s and prolonged as necessary to attain confluent ablation zones. All patients were treated with levothyroxine after MW ablation to maintain thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.1?mU/L. Follow-up consisted of ultrasound in 21 patients, biopsy in five patients, and surgical treatment in three patients. Results: Four patients complained of hoarseness immediately after the MW ablation procedure, and all of them recovered within 3 months spontaneously. All tumours were completely ablated at a single session and no serious or permanent complications occurred. No recurrence at the treatment site and no distant metastases were detected, with a mean follow-up of 11 months. Histological examination showed no evidence of a tumour in the treated lesions in eight patients. Follow-up ultrasound examinations showed disappearance of previously detected colour Doppler flow, as well as mass shrinkage, or both. Conclusion: During the short-term follow-up period, ultrasound-guided percutaneous MW ablation appears to be a safe and effective technique for solitary T1N0M0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.     

Laser ablation is more effective for spongiform than solid thyroid nodules. A 4-year retrospective follow-up study

Purpose: Laser ablation (LA) is used as therapeutic modality for reducing the volume of large benign thyroid nodules. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of LA therapy in patients with benign non-functioning thyroid nodules in a 4-year follow-up and evaluate whether different compactness of nodules may influence the final shrinkage.

Patients and methods: Fifty-six euthyroid patients (42 females; mean age 54.7?±?11.7 years) with benign cold thyroid solitary nodules or a dominant nodule within a multinodular goitre underwent LA between July 2009 and March 2012. Nodule volume, thyroid function test and ultrasound were monitored at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure, then annually.

Results: With a mean baseline volume of 15.7?±?11.7?mL, nodule volume decreased by 55.5% (6.5?±?5.7?mL) 4 years after LA (p?p?=?.04) and became even more significant up to 48 months (p?=?.001).

Conclusions: The LA technique succeeded in reducing thyroid nodules by about 50% at 4 years, but was more effective for spongiform than solid nodules.     

超声引导下经皮激光消融与射频消融治疗微小肝细胞癌的疗效对比

目的：通过与超声引导下经皮射频消融（RFA）比较，观察超声引导下经皮激光消融（LA）治疗微小肝细胞癌（HCC）的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析54例微小 HCC 患者的临床资料，按照治疗方法的不同将其分为 LA 组（n ＝27）和 RFA 组（n ＝27）。LA 组患者接受超声引导下 LA 治疗，RFA 组接受超声引导下 RFA 治疗，观察近期疗效及不良反应，随访患者的肿瘤局部控制率和无进展生存期（PFS）。结果LA 组和 RFA 组患者治疗后的总有效率分别为81．48％、77．78％，差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．11，P ＝0．74）；两组患者1年肿瘤局部控制率分别为77．78％、51．85％，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝14．74，P ＝0．00）；两组患者中位 PFS 分别为（12．52±6．57）个月和（8．67±5．13）个月，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝4．70，P ＝0．03）。LA 组和 RFA 组治疗后出现的不良反应如穿刺区域疼痛（40．74％∶33．33％；χ2＝0．32，P ＝0．57）、腹腔出血（7．41％∶11．11％；P ＝0．64）、胆道出血（0∶3．70％；P ＝0．31）、胆漏（7．41％∶14．81％；P ＝0．39）、腹腔感染（3．70％∶11．11％；P ＝0．30）的差异均无统计学意义。结论与 RFA 比较，LA 可提高微小 HCC 患者的肿瘤局部控制率，并延长患者的 PFS，具有一定的临床应用价值和前景。     

Percutaneous microwave ablation of renal cell carcinoma is safe in patients with renal dysfunction

Objectives: To present the clinical effect of microwave ablation (MWA) on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the patients with renal dysfunction, mainly focussing on the extent of renal tumour control and damage to the residual kidney function.

Methods and materials: From 2006 to 2014, 19 tumours of 18 patients with renal dysfunction underwent percutaneous ultrasound-guided MWA in our institution. The tumour diameters range from 1.9 to 5.0?cm. The serum creatinine and urea levels of each patient pre-MWA, one?day after MWA and the most recent occasion on record at our institution were collected. After MWA all the patients were followed up using contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the first 1, 3 and 6 months and every six months thereafter. Patients were available for clinical and laboratory evaluations at a median follow-up time of 24.9 months (range from 3.5 to 85.9 months). The technical success, survival rates and complications were accessed.

Results: Complete ablation was achieved in 19/19 (100%) lesions after 1 or 2 MWA sessions; 2/18(11.1%) patients died of other diseases. No severe complications occurred during MWA. After MWA no significant elevation of renal function was observed either in patients of CKD stage 1–3 or in patients of CKD stage 4–5.

Conclusions: MWA is an effective and relatively safe treatment option for patients with renal tumour who also suffered from renal dysfunction. The complication rate is low, and excellent tumour control can be achieved with acceptable loss of residual renal function.     

Low-dose CT protocols for guiding radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of small renal cell carcinomas

Objective: Computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) results in a high radiation dose. This study aimed to assess low-dose CT protocols for guiding RFA and oncologic outcomes for the treatment of small renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials and methods: Between December 2011 and December 2014, CT-guided RFA was performed in 31 patients with 31 biopsy-proven RCCs (median, 2.1?cm). RFA included planning, targeting, monitoring and survey phases. The dose length product (DLP), CT dose index volume (CTDIvol), effective dose, number of scans, scan range, tube current and exposure time of RFA phases were compared. The 3-year recurrence-free survival rate was recorded. Nonparametric or parametric repeated-measures ANOVA with Dunn’s or Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used for statistical analysis.

Results: The median total DLP, CTDIvol and effective dose of CT-guided RFA procedures per session were 1238.8 mGy (range 517.4–3391.7 mGy), 259.7 mGy (10.7–67.9 mGy) and 18.6 mSv (7.8–50.9 mSv), respectively. The median DLP, CTDIvol, effective dose, number of scans, tube current and exposure time during the targeting phase were higher than those during the other phases (p?p?>?0.05) but smaller than those in the planning and survey phases (p?Conclusions: Low-dose CT protocols for guiding RFA may reduce radiation dose without compromising oncologic outcomes. Reducing the number of scans during the targeting phase contributes to dose reduction.     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of renal cell carcinoma that is inconspicuous on conventional ultrasound

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the safety, effectiveness and feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that is inconspicuous on conventional ultrasound (US).

Materials and methods: A total of 32 RCC nodules in 29 patients (23 men and 6 women) were treated with CEUS-guided percutaneous MWA between January 2010 and September 2014. The median maximum diameter of the nodules was 2.4?cm (interquartile range: 1.8–2.9?cm). The US contrast agent was SonoVue, a second-generation contrast agent. CEUS was applied before the needle was inserted into the tumour, and percutaneous MWA was performed under CEUS-guidance.

Results: In total 31 tumours were successfully visualised via CEUS using 1–2 (1.0–2.0?mL) contrast agent injections, and percutaneous MWA was performed under CEUS-guidance. The technical success rate of CEUS-guided percutaneous MWA of RCC was 96.9% (31/32). The mean number of sessions of CEUS-guided percutaneous MWA for each tumour was 1.2?±?0.4. The mean duration of energy application for each tumour was 7.3?±?2.7?min. All patients were followed up for 3–71 months (median 17 months) to observe the therapeutic effects and complications. The therapeutic effects were assessed at follow-up with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CEUS. There was no local tumour progression and the technique effectiveness rate was 100% (31/31). The complications rate was 6.5% and the major complications rate was 3.2%. We observed one case of pleural effusion and one case of renal subcapsular haemorrhage after the percutaneous MWA procedures.

Conclusion: CEUS-guided percutaneous MWA is a safe, efficient and feasible therapy for patients with RCCs inconspicuous on conventional US.     

Quality of life and outcomes in patients with a large toxic adenoma undergoing laser ablation plus radioiodine vs lobectomy

Purpose: Patients with toxic adenomas (TAs) that are too large to undergo radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment aimed at resolving hyperthyroidism and/or relieving mechanical pressure symptoms are referred to surgery. This prospective study aimed to assess the outcomes of combining laser ablation (LA) plus RAI vs lobectomy to treat large TAs in terms of clinical efficacy and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Patients and methods: Patients with TAs of volumes greater than 20?mL and a calculated therapeutic activity exceeding 600 Mbq were randomly assigned to undergo LA?+?RAI (Group A) or lobectomy (Group B). The HRQoL was assessed using 12-item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire before and 6?months after treatment.

Results: Twenty-seven patients entered the study. After completing treatment, patients in Group A showed a TA reduction by a mean of 68% compared to baseline. Two of 14 patients (14.3%) in Group A and 2 of 13 (15.4%) in Group B became subclinically hypothyroid, whereas the remaining patients were euthyroid. HRQoL significantly improved in both groups after treatment.

Conclusions: For patients with large TAs, a combination of LA and RAI is a feasible alternative to surgery. Similar to surgery, LA?+?RAI resolves the mechanical discomfort induced by nodule pressure and effectively treats the hyperthyroidism. This procedure also avoids the potential complications associated with surgery while guaranteeing a similar HRQoL benefit.     

Comparison of efficacy and complications between radiofrequency ablation and repeat surgery in the treatment of locally recurrent thyroid cancers: a single-center propensity score matching study

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and complication rates of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and repeat surgery in the treatment of locally recurrent thyroid cancers.

Materials and methods: A total of 221 patients with locally recurrent thyroid cancers who underwent either RFA (n?=?96) or repeat surgery (n?=?125) between March 2008 and March 2017 were retrospectively enrolled (range of follow-up, 1–10?years). Each cohort consisted of 70 patients after propensity score adjustment. Patients with more than three recurrent lesions were excluded. The primary and secondary end points were recurrence-free survival and complication rates, respectively. Recurrence-free survival curves were compared via the log-rank test. The complications—voice changes, hypocalcemia, and immediate procedural complications—were compared between the groups. In addition, pretreatment serum thyroglobulin (T_g) levels and those at the last follow-up were also compared between the two groups to examine therapeutic efficacy.

Results: After propensity score matching, both groups showed no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The recurrence-free survival rates were comparable between the RFA and surgery groups (p?=?.2). There were no significant differences in mean serum T_g levels and their mean decrease after treatment between the groups (p?=?.891 and p?=?.963, respectively). Immediate procedural complications and voice changes also showed no significant between-group differences (p?=?.316, p?=?.084, respectively). Hypocalcemia occurred only in the repeat surgery group (n?=?18). Overall complications were significantly more frequent in the repeat surgery group (RFA, n?=?7; surgery, n?=?27; p?<?.001).

Conclusion: RFA may be an effective and safe alternative to repeat surgery in the treatment of a small number of locally recurrent thyroid cancers.     

Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluating the efficiency of ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation in patients with renal cell carcinoma

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency and feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with Sonovue in assessing of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) following ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA).

Patinets and methods

Seventy-nine patients (60 males and 19 females) with 83 lesions (mean size 3.2±1.6 cm) were treated by US-guided percutaneous MWA. The CEUS results of the third day after the ablation were compared with the synchronous contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results and biopsy pathological results. The follow-up was performed by CEUS and CT/MRI after 1, 3, 6 months and every 6 months subsequently. The combination of clinical follow-up results and CT/MRI imaging findings was the reference standard of CEUS results for evaluating the therapeutic effect. The identification of residual or recurrence tumour was assessed by two blinded radiologists.

Results

On the third day after MWA, CEUS showed 68 of 83 lesions (68/83, 81.9%) successfully ablated and 15 of 83 (18.1%) with residual tumours. Among residual tumours, 13 (86.7%) were confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT/MRI findings and biopsy results. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of CEUS evaluating the short-term MWA effectiveness were 100%, 97.1%, 97.6%, 86.7% and 100%, respectively. During the six years follow-up (median 26 months), the CEUS showed recurrence in 7 patients, and six of them achieved consistent results on CEUS and CT/MRI imaging. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value for CEUS evaluating long-term MWA effectiveness were 85.7%, 98.7%, 97.6%, 85.7% and 98.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

The post-procedural CEUS demonstrated as an effective and feasible method in evaluating a therapeutic effect of RCCs following MWA.     

A comparison of laser with radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules: a propensity score matching analysis

Abstract

Purpose: To compare technique efficacy and safety of laser ablation (LA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of benign thyroid nodules.

Materials and methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and patients’ consent was waived. 601 nodules were treated from May 2009 to December 2014 at eight centres, 449 (309 females, age 57?±?14?years) with LA and 152 (107 females, age 57?±?14?years) with RFA. A matched cohort composed of 138 patients from each group was selected after adjustment with propensity score matching. Factors influencing volume reduction at 6 and 12?months and complications were evaluated.

Results: No significant differences were observed in the baseline characteristics between groups after propensity score matching adjustment. Mean nodule reduction at 6 and 12?months was ?67?±?19% vs. ?57?±?21% (p?<?0.001)???70?±?19% vs. ?62?±?22% (p =?0.001) in LA group and in RFA group, respectively. Nodules with volume?>30?mL had significantly higher percentage volume reduction at 6 and 12?months (?69?±?19 vs. ?50?±?21, p?=?0.001) and (?73?±?18 vs. ?54?±?23 8, p?=?0.001) in the LA group than in the RFA group, respectively. In both groups, operator’s skills affected the results. Major complications occurred in 4 cases in each group (p?=?0.116)

Conclusions: LA and RFA showed nearly similar outcome but LA was slightly more effective than RFA in large nodules. Operator’s skills could be crucial in determining the extent of nodule volume reduction regardless of the used technique.     

The role of focal liver ablation in the treatment of unresectable primary and secondary malignant liver tumors

Surgical resection is often the first-line treatment option for primary and select metastatic hepatic malignancies. A minority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergo potentially curative resection. Similarly, patients with liver-only metastasis are candidates for resection less than 15% of the time because of bilobar disease in which resection would sacrifice too great a volume of hepatic parenchyma, tumor proximity to major vascular or biliary structures thus preventing adequate margins, or unfavorable tumor biology. Ablative techniques directed at tumor elimination while minimizing injury to the surrounding functional hepatic parenchyma may be offered to select patients with unresectable cancers. Radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, transarterial chemoembolization, cryoablation, microwave coagulation, and laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy all offer potential local tumor control and occasionally achieve long-term disease-free survival. This review focuses on the indications, anticipated benefits, and limitations of these ablative techniques.     

Hospital volume of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is closely associated with treatment outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND:

Hospital volume for several major operations is associated with treatment outcomes. In this study, the authors explored the influence of hospital radiofrequency ablation (RFA) volume on the prognosis of patients who received RFA for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS:

The authors searched for all patients who were diagnosed with stage I or stage II HCC from 2004 to 2006 and who received RFA as first‐line therapy in a population‐based cohort. Overall survival (OS) and liver cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were compared according to hospital volume. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis.

RESULTS:

In total, 661 patients received first‐line RFA for stage I and II HCC in 28 hospitals. Among these, there were 480 patients (72.6%) in the high‐volume group (those who received RFA at hospitals that treated >10 first‐line patients per year), and there were 181 patients (27.4%) in the low‐volume group (those who received RFA at hospitals that treated ≤10 first‐line patients per year). The sex, age, stage, tumor size, and year of diagnosis for patients in the 2 groups did not differ significantly. Patients in the high‐volume group demonstrated significantly longer OS and CSS than those in the low‐volume group (5‐year OS rate, 58.7% vs 47.2%; P = .001; 5‐year CSS rate, 67.1% vs 57.1%; P = .009). After adjusting for covariates, high‐volume hospitals remained an independent predictor of longer OS (hazard ratio, 0.57; P < .001) and CSS (hazard ratio, 0.57; P = .003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients who received first‐line RFA for HCC in high‐volume hospitals demonstrated better survival outcomes. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

Comparison of percutaneous 915 MHz microwave ablation and 2450 MHz microwave ablation in large hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous 915 MHz microwave (MW) ablation with the 2450 MHz MW ablation for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (>4 cm in diameter).

Materials and methods: Patients with HCC >4 cm in diameter who underwent US-guided percutaneous MW ablation with curative intention between March 2007 and December 2008 (39) were randomly divided into two groups, 915 MHz MW group and 2450 MHz MW group. We compared the results of ablation between the two groups.

Results: Fewer antenna insertions for each tumour were required in the 915 MHz MW group (3.69 ± 0.6) than in the 2450 MHz MW group (4.71 ± 1.61) (p = 0.01). According to the follow-up contrast-enhanced imagings, technique effectiveness rate was 85.7% (18/21) and 73.7% (14/19) in the 915 MHz MW group and 2450 MHz MW group, respectively (p = 0.44). The rate of local tumour progression (LTP) was 14.3% (3/21) and 26.3% (5/19) in the 915 MHz MW group and 2450 MHz MW group, respectively (p = 0.44). There were no deaths and no thrombosis of major vessels in any patient.

Conclusions: Compared with 2450 MHz MW ablation, our initial experience showed that percutaneous 915 MHz MW ablation with cooled-shaft antennae was safe and could achieve a high technique effectiveness rate with fewer insertion numbers in the treatment of large HCC. Therefore, percutaneous 915 MHz MW ablation may provide a new method for the treatment of large HCC.     

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of benign thyroid nodule is safe and efficacious in patients who continue taking an anti-coagulation or anti-platelet agent in the treatment period

Background: High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation is a promising treatment for benign thyroid nodules but because bleeding complications can occur following any intervention to the thyroid gland, the safety and efficacy of HIFU ablation were evaluated in patients who continued taking an anti-coagulation or anti-platelet agent during treatment.

Methods: From 2015 to 2017, 303 patients who underwent a single-session ablation for a benign thyroid nodule were analyzed. The primary study endpoint was thyroid bleeding, intra-lesional or peri-thyroidal hematoma or neck bruising diagnosed within 4?days of the treatment. Other endpoints included treatment-related complications, extent of nodule shrinkage and symptom score. Nodule volume was estimated by ultrasound. Extent of nodule shrinkage (by volume reduction ratio) (VRR)=?[Baseline volume – volume at 6-month]/[Baseline volume]?×?100. Obstructive symptom score (by 0– 10 visual analog scale, VAS) was evaluated after treatment.

Results: Twelve patients continued taking an anti-coagulation or anti-platelet agent while the other 291 patients did not during treatment. No patients in either group suffered active thyroid bleeding, intralesional/pericapsular hematoma or subcutaneous neck bruising in the first 4?days of treatment. Complication rate and the 6-month VRR were comparable between the two groups (0.0% vs. 1.7%, p?=?1.000 and 55.96% vs. 61.29%, respectively, p?=?.073).

Conclusions: HIFU ablation is a feasible treatment in patients who continue to take an anti-coagulation or anti-platelet agent during treatment and might be preferable in patients who continuously require an anti-coagulation or anti-platelet agent for one reason or another during treatment.     

小肝癌合并脾功能亢进的微创治疗的方法探讨

背景与目的：肝癌切除、脾切除是目前治疗肝癌合并脾功能亢进的主要手段,但传统开腹手术创伤大。本研究探讨肝癌射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)联合腹腔镜脾切除(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)治疗小肝癌合并脾功能亢进的安全性及可行性。方法：27例肝癌(直径＜3 cm)合并脾功能亢进患者,在全麻下行RFA及LS,分析其临床资料。结果：中转开腹脾切除1例,中转为手助腹腔镜脾切除2例,RFA治疗肝脏肿瘤31个。术中出血量110~900 mL,中位出血量320 mL,手术时间72~127 min,中位手术时间107 min;腹壁皮下广泛气肿1例,术后2 d吸收;术后胰漏1例,经保守治疗治愈;术后腹腔大出血1例,再次开腹手术止血,恢复良好;腹水9例,经补充白蛋白和利尿等治疗,腹水消退;无死亡病例。结论：经选择的病例,RFA联合LS治疗小肝癌合并脾功能亢进微创、安全、可行。     

CT引导下经皮肺射频消融术治疗晚期肺癌的疗效及并发症分析

目的 评价CT引导下经皮肺射频消融治疗晚期肺癌的疗效和安全性,总结并发症情况及并发症的处理经验.方法 回顾性分析29例接受CT引导下经皮肺射频消融术晚期肺癌患者的临床资料,评价疗效,总结并发症发生情况并分析并发症发生的诱因.结果 29例(共35个病灶)接受CT引导下经皮肺射频消融术晚期肺癌患者3、6个月局部控制率分别为77.1%、25.7%.16例患者在术中或术后出现并发症,其中疼痛5例(17.2%),发热5例(17.2%),咯血5例(17.2%),气胸5例(17.2%),皮下气肿3例(10.3%),感染3例(10.3%),纵隔气肿1例(3.4%),嗜睡1例(3.4%),窦性心动过缓1例(3.4%).皮下气肿发生在消融病灶靠近胸膜的患者.无操作相关的死亡.结论 对于多数晚期肺癌患者,CT引导下经皮肺射频消融术安全有效,并发症可防、可控.     

Combination of microbubbles and diagnostic ultrasound at a high mechanical index for the synergistic microwave ablation of tumours

Objectives: To determine whether combining microbubbles (MBs) with diagnostic ultrasound (US) at a high mechanical index (MI) could enhance the microwave (MW) ablation of tumours.

Materials and methods: Five therapeutic MW adjuvant protocols were studied: MW, MW?+?US, MW?+?US?+?MB, MW?+?US?+?NS (saline) and MW?+?MB. In 30 normal rabbit livers, the synergistic effects were evaluated via temperature, necrosis volume and histology. In 90 VX2 rabbit hepatic tumours, residual cells in the peripheral ablated tumours were examined via immunohistochemical assay and tumour growth. Additional 40 VX2 hepatic tumours were evaluated for ablation safety via blood assay and weight and for survival to 105 days. Results were compared using analysis of variance.

Results: Compared with the other protocols, the ablation volumes in normal rabbit livers were significantly larger using the MW?+?US?+?MB protocol (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: MBs in combination with diagnostic US at a high MI showed potential synergy in the MW ablation of tumours in rabbits.