Analysis of the Filipinos’ Interest in Searching Online for Oral Cancer

Objective: This study analyzed the health-seeking behavior of Filipinos using Google Trends tool to quantify relative search volume by term . Oral cancer, mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer were used as predetermined search terms. Material and method: Comma-separated values file containing relative search volumes of search trends pertaining to oral cancer from 2009 to 2019 were assessed. Brown-Forsythe one-way ANOVA was used to measure differences with respect to oral cancer across different years and months. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to detect differences regarding mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer across the years. Time series models were fitted and used to forecast search interests. Results: The results revealed that interest in oral cancer was significantly higher in 2019 (43.75±5.5, p <0.05) compared to 2009 (29.0 ± 6.7). In terms of months, searches were higher in February (45.0 ± 6.6) compared to May (24.8 ± 3.4, p=0.015), June (25.3 ± 4.4, p=0.020), and December (26.5 ± 4.0, p=0.038). Search interests for gum cancer and lip cancer remained significantly lower from 2011 to 2019, and tongue cancer from 2016 to 2018 but approximated mouth cancer in 2019. The forecast showed that mouth cancer (31.67%), tongue cancer (23.75%), and lip cancer (3.83%) would fluctuate through time pass, while gum cancer (8%) would remain steady in 2020. Conclusion: Health-seeking behavior through search trends showed an increased interest in oral cancer in 2019 and during February. It was anticipated that search interests would fluctuate in 2020, but at the end of the year would decrease for mouth cancer and tongue cancer, increase for lip cancer, and remain steady for gum cancer.     

Clinicopathological study of carcinomas of the lip and the mucosa of the upper and lower lips

BACKGROUND: Lip carcinomas are rare oral tumors, and there have been few reports of lip carcinoma in Japan. METHODS: Of 914 patients with oral carcinomas treated between January 1980 and December 1998, 12 (1.3%) had lip carcinoma and 5 (0.5%) had lip mucosal carcinoma. We investigated the clinicopathological features of these 17 patients. RESULTS: Of the 12 patients with carcinoma of the lip, 10 had squamous cell carcinomas (9, external lower lip; 1 commissures) and 2 had mucoepidermoid carcinomas (external upper lip). Of the 5 patients with lip mucosal carcinoma, 3 had squamous cell carcinomas (2, mucosa of the lower lip; 1, mucosa of the upper lip), 1 had mucoepidermoid carcinoma (mucosa of the lower lip), and 1 had acinic cell carcinoma (mucosa of the lower lip). Of the 12 patients with lip carcinoma, 9 were classified as stage I, 2 as stage II, and 1 as stage III; all 5 of the patients with lip mucosal carcinoma were stage I. Five patients with lip carcinoma were treated by resection, 5 by a combination of resection and reconstruction, and 2 by radiotherapy alone. All patients with lip mucosal carcinoma were treated by resection. After the initial therapy, 3 patients without neck dissection had regional recurrences and received delayed neck dissection, and 2 died with neck regional recurrence after dissection. The 5-year cumulative survival rates of the patients with lip carcinoma and those with lip mucosal carcinoma were 82.5% and 80.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We suggest that early-stage carcinomas of the lip and of the mucosa of the upper and lower lips are frequent, and we found that the outcome of these patients was excellent. However, an aggressive therapeutic approach to the lip carcinoma patient with cervical metastasis appears warranted, in an attempt to improve locoregional control and ultimate survival.     

个体化口腔支架在鼻咽癌患者放疗中对口腔正常组织的保护作用

背景与目的:随着鼻咽癌放射治疗技术的进步,鼻咽癌治疗后生存率有了明显提高.生存时间的延长使鼻咽癌患者对放射治疗后的生存质量提出了更高的要求,由放射治疗所导致的各种急性、晚期放射性损伤如放射性粘膜炎和放射性味觉损伤等越来越受到重视.本研究探讨在放射治疗过程中使用个体化的口腔支架(简称口腔支架),将舌和一部分口腔粘膜推离照射野范围,以期达到保护舌、味觉和部分口腔粘膜的作用.方法:首先选取1例合适的鼻咽癌患者,作佩戴口腔支架前后舌受照射剂量和体积的分析;然后将按人组条件收治的鼻咽癌患者随机分为试验组和对照组.临床上共收治鼻咽癌患者43例,其中试验组19例,对照组24例.两组患者均采用CT模拟常规设野的放射治疗技术,在放疗过程中,试验组患者佩戴口腔支架,对照组不佩戴.两组患者均根据病情需要采用诱导、同期或辅助化疗,并酌情使用放射增敏剂,在放疗结束时根据颅底骨质破坏情况及肿瘤消退情况决定是否补量或加量.放疗前和放疗中每周检查两组患者基本味觉、体重、口腔各部分粘膜和舌粘膜反应程度.结果:剂量学分析表明患者佩戴口腔支架后舌的受照射剂量和体积均较佩戴前明显下降.试验组与对照组1～2度和3～4度粘膜反应发生的比例分别为73.68%和62.50%,26.32%和37.50%(P=0.470),但3度以上粘膜反应发生的例数试验组较对照组有减少的趋势(5/19和9/24).味觉检查,至放疗结束时试验组有4例(21.05%)患者出现轻度的味觉减退,对照组患者有19例(79.17%)出现味觉减退,差异有显著性(P=0.000).结论:个体化的口腔支架对于行放射治疗鼻咽癌患者的口腔粘膜特别是舌的味觉具有一定的保护作用.     

The second carcinoma of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue after successful radiotherapy to the tongue

Of 221 patients with carcinoma of the mobile tongue treated by radiotherapy, 129 survived without local recurrence for 5 years or longer after initial treatment. These 129 patients were studied to determine the incidence of second carcinoma of the tongue which first appeared more than 5 years after the initial treatment. Modalities of irradiation were radium needle implantation and intraoral electron irradiation for 105 and 24 patients, respectively. Twenty-two of the patients were found to have second carcinoma of the tongue. The incidence appeared to increase as the amount of radiation given increased. No obvious relationships were observed between the second carcinoma and modality of irradiation, T classification, presence of leukoplakia before the treatment, degree of histological differentiation, or degree of radiation injury. There were moderate to severe radiation injuries in 50% of the patients treated by radium needle implantation. It is likely that most of the second carcinomas of the tongue represent the late appearance of one of the multicentric foci of the tumor, not a regrowth of the residual primary tumor. In spite of the rather high rate of second carcinoma of the tongue, radiotherapy remains an excellent modality of treatment when patients are properly selected.     

The role of radiation therapy in treatment with preservation of shape and function in intraoral cancer

The goal in treating intraoral cancer is to obtain tumor control with preservation of shape and function of oral cavity. For T1, T2 lesions of the tongue, the floor of the mouth and the cheek mucosa, interstitial radiation therapy provides a control rate of 80-90% with excellent preservation of function. With surgical salvage for persistent or recurrent tumor, the ultimate control rate is 90-95%. Unfortunately, for more advanced lesions surgery is frequently required to obtain local control. The use of bleomycin or peplomycin in simultaneous combination with external radiation therapy provides a good chance of local control without surgery. For T1, T2 lesions of the lower gum and the cheek mucosa complete response rate is approximately 65% and 70% of these are cured without surgery. With surgical salvage for persistent or recurrent tumor the ultimate control rate is 90%. For most of the poor responders surgery or interstitial irradiation is required to control the tumor.     

Decreased Global Interest in Oral Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in developing countries, but studies using global data are scarce. The aim of this study is to analyze the search interests for oral cancer using mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer as common keywords. Methods: Internet searches relating to oral cancer from 2010 to 2020, from 250 countries and dependent areas, were retrieved from Google Trends. Color densities in a heat map were used to show geographic differences. Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn’s analysis was used to perform yearly comparisons of searches for mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer. Search results within 2020 were also compared to determine differences. Forecasting searches from 2021 to 2022 were done by fitting time series models. Results: From 29 of 250 (11.6%) countries, the highest search values were observed for mouth cancer in Sri Lanka, Qatar, Bangladesh, Finland, Netherlands, Spain, and France. Compared to 2020, greater searches were seen in 2018 (Mdn = 91%, P = 0.023) and 2019 (Mdn = 94%, P = 0.012) for mouth cancer, and 2019 (Mdn = 17%, P = 0.035) for lip cancer. The relative search volumes for gum cancer and lip cancer were substantially lower than mouth cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Higher-income countries tend to be more interested in seeking information about oral cancer. Noteworthy decline in the interest in seeking information online for oral cancer may have crucial implications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Google Trends offer an invaluable and inexpensive means for oral cancer surveillance and health-seeking behavior.     

A case of aortoduodenal fistula following radiotherapy of retroperitoneal metastatic disease

A new case of aortoduodenal fistula was added to the five cases previously reported in the literature, in which malignancy and/or its treatments could be implicated. This 67 year-old woman, six years previously had been placed on a therapy including irradiation on the pelvis for cancer of uterine cervix. For this time she underwent a radiotherapy completed in a total dose of 55.6 Gy combined with hyperthermia and chemotherapy for retroperitoneal metastatic disease with excellent response. Three months later she had hematemesis followed by melena and deteriorated to hemorrhagic shock. Emergent aortography detected contrast extravasation from the aorta with subsequent opacification of the duodenum, and immediate intraaortic balloon occlusion was done, but she died soon thereafter. Postmortem examination revealed the fistula from the aorta just above the bifurcation to a 2 by 1.5 cm. area of the posterior wall of the third portion of the duodenum. Accentuated arteriosclerosis in locally irradiated portion of the aorta, obstruction of small arteries from organized thrombus and hyaline necrosis in the wall of the fistulous tract were defined without evidence of tumor invasion. Based upon the findings of the patient reported herein, radiation might be another possible etiologic factor in aortoduodenal fistula, as well as tumor invasion per se.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, maxillary antrum and lip in a Zimbabwean population: a descriptive epidemiological study

Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies. The objective of this study was to document the gender, age, sub-site distribution and histologic differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, maxillary antrum and lip in a Zimbabwean population. Hospital records of patients with a histologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, maxillary antrum and lip seen at Harare Central Hospital and Parirenyatwa Hospital in Zimbabwe during the period January 1982-December 1991 were reviewed. 20.8% (n = 358/1723) were squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, maxillary antrum and lip. Age ranged from 3 to 70years with a 2:1 male:female ratio. Peak incidence in both sexes were in the 41-50 and 51-60years age groups. Sub-site distribution was mandibular gingiva 18.4%, tongue 17.9%, floor of the mouth 16.2%, maxillary gingiva 9.2%, buccal mucosa 9.2%, maxillary antrum 12.6%, hard palate 7.8%, soft palate 4.8%, lower lip 2.8% and upper lip 1.1%. 64.8% were well differentiated, 24.8% moderately differentiated and 10.4% poorly differentiated. The mandibular gingiva, floor of the mouth and tongue were most commonly affected. Lip squamous cell carcinoma was uncommon. Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was most common in the 41-60 years age group.     

舌体癌121例治疗结果分析

目的回顾性分析比较手术治疗和放射治疗对舌体癌远期疗效的影响以及相关因素.方法1987年3月至1995年6月收治的121例舌体鳞癌接受了根治性治疗.25例采用根治性体外放射治疗(R),62例为联合根治手术治疗(S),34例为联合根治手术加术后放射治疗(S+R).用Kaplan-Meier方法分析疗后生存率及局控率.结果全组病例总的5年总生存率为46.40%,三组病例的5年总生存率分别为R组28.88%、S组42.05%和S+R组65.56%,具有显著性差异(P=0.0051).结论联合根治术加术后放射治疗对于舌体癌是一种较为有效的治疗手段.术后放射治疗可以提高手术治疗的局部控制率和远期生存率.     

Oral condyloma acuminatum

Fifty-one cases of oral condyloma acuminatum are reported, bringing the total number in the English medical/dental literature to approximately 156 cases. Ninety-five percent of the 59 new cases were in males. Eight-one percent occurred in the age range of 21-40 years. The most common locations were upper lip, lingual frenum, dorsum of the tongue, and lower lip. Thirty-four percent presented with multiple lesions.     

Construction and clinical evaluation of a new customized bite block used in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer

Purpose

In the present study we constructed a new customized bite block and evaluated its effect on dosimetric and clinical features in radiotherapy.

Lower lip reconstruction after tumor resection; a single author's experience with various methods

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequently seen malignant tumor of the lower lip. The more tissue is lost from the lip after tumor resection, the more challenging is the reconstruction. Many methods have been described, but each has its own advantages and its disadvantages. The author presents through his own clinical experience with lower lip reconstruction at the NCI, an evaluation of the commonly practiced techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a 3 year period from May 2002 till May 2005, 17 cases presented at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, with lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. The lesions involved various regions of the lower lip excluding the commissures. Following resection, the resulting defects ranged from 1 /3 of lip to total lip loss. The age of the patients ranged from 28 to 67 years and they were 13 males and 4 females. With regards to the reconstructive procedures used, Karapandzic technique (orbicularis oris myocutaneous flaps) was used in 7 patients, 3 of whom underwent secondary lower lip augmentation with upper lip switch flaps. Primary Abbe (Lip switch) flap reconstruction was used in two patients, while 2 other patients were reconstructed with bilateral fan flaps with vermilion reconstruction by mucosal advancement in one case and tongue flap in the other. The radial forearm free flap was used only in 2 cases, and direct wound closure was achieved in three cases. All patients were evaluated for early postoperative results emphasizing on flap viability and wound problems and for late results emphasizing on oral continence, microstomia, and aesthetic outcome, in addition to the usual oncological follow-up. RESULTS: All flaps used in this study survived completely including the 2 free flaps. In the early postoperative period, minor wound breakdown occurred in all three cases reconstructed by utilizing adjacent cheek skin flaps, but all wounds healed spontaneously. The latter three cases involved defects greater than 2 /3 of lower lip and one of them was previously irradiated. Those patients then suffered from occasional drooling of saliva. The best results in terms of oral continence and cosmetic outcome were achieved in those cases reconstructed with flaps utilizing residual lower lip or upper lip tissues (i.e; the Karapandzic technique (orbicularis oris myocutaneous flaps, and the Abbe (upper lip switch flaps). Nevertheless, microstomia developed in four patients primarily reconstructed with the Karapandzic technique in which defects were greater than one half of the lip. Only one of those patients tolerated her microstomia and required no further treatment. The remaining three patients showed marked improvement after augmenting the lower lip with bilateral paraphiltral lip switch flaps from upper lip in a second stage. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to three years during which no patient had developed local recurrence or distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: Lower lip reconstruction aims to restore function and appearance with the best results obtained by utilizing residual normal lip tissues incorporating potentially innervated muscle fibers. With larger defects, reconstruction is less than optimal, but every effort should be taken to obtain an adequate sphincter function and lip continence to saliva, both of which are the most important goals to achieve in lip reconstruction.     

Retrospective study of results of interstitial radiotherapy for cancer of the tongue

Background This retrospective study was carried out to clarify whether interstitial radiotherapy is effective in the management of carcinoma of the tongue. Methods The subjects were 65 previously untreated patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue who received mainly interstitial radiotherapy using¹³⁷Cs needles with or without external irradiation between 1977 and 1993. Results The local control rate was 80% for T1, 73% for T2, 57% for T3 and 73% overall. Thirteen of 16 patients for whom local control failed achieved good control by salvage surgery. The local control rates were slightly lower with combined radiotherapy (64%) than with the interstitial radiotherapy alone (78%), but there was no significant difference between external radiation (≤30 Gy) and external radiation (>30 Gy). Cervical lymph node metastases developed in 26% of patients with T1-3 NO. Neck control was achieved in 20 (74%) of 27 patients in whom pathologically positive nodes were found. Twenty-two patients developed soft tissue or/and mandibular complications for a total of 28 cases. Soft tissue complications were more likely to occur in patients who received interstitial radiotherapy alone. On the other hand, mandibular complications were likely to occur in patients who received external irradiation. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 92% for T1, 72% for T2 and 33% for T3. The 5-year survival rate of patients with subsequent cervical node metastases was 41%, whereas in patients without subsequent cervical node metastases it was 89% (P<0.001). Conclusions Interstitial radiotherapy with or without external irradiation has useful implications in the local control of newly diagnosed cases of tongue cancer. If local recurrence develops, it is possible to control the primary lesion and prolong survival by salvage surgery. The most effective treatment modality for neck control and survival could not be determined from this study.     

Anatomical coverage in elective irradiation of the neck for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue

From January 1954 through December 1978, 146 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and clinically negative neck had their primary lesion controlled with irradiation. Metastases to the neck developed later in: 27 of 76 patients (36%) treated by interstitial implantation; nine of 27 patients (33%) who received 2,000 rad in five fractions to the upper neck prior to the implant; eight of 19 (42% ) patients who received 5,000 rad through an upper ipsilateral neck field prior to the implant; four of 24 patients (16.6%) who received 5,000 rad through bilateral portals to the upper neck with or without irradiation of the lower neck. In the 43 ipsilateral neck failures, 23 were in the upper jugular chain, (posterior subdigastric nodes), 12 in the mid-jugular, three in the lower jugular, and four in the more anterior part of the subdigastric area. There was one failure in the posterior cervical chain, and five contralateral neck failures. A review of the treatment charts showed that the patients who had an ipsilateral upper neck field only, had smaller portals because the irradiation was tailored to produce shrinkage of the primary tumor prior to needling. To include adequate coverage of the posterior subdigastric nodes (upper jugular), the bodies of the vertebrae must be seen on the simulator films. Also the junction of the subdigastric and the mid-jugular lymphatics must be covered. Although there were only three failures in the lower jugular nodes, it is technically easier to treat the upper mid-jugular nodes through an anterior appositional portal to the lower neck. A dose of 5,000 rad must be given since 2,000 rad, even if delivered in five fractions, gives a failure rate as if there had been no irradiation to the neck.     

Somnolence syndrome after focal radiation therapy to the pineal region: case report and review of the literature

Somnolence syndrome classically occurs in children after cranial irradiation for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Symptoms include somnolence, fever, nausea and vomiting, and headache. The authors report a 29 year-old female who developed symptoms compatible with the somnolence syndrome after completing radiation therapy for a benign meningioma near the pineal region. Five weeks after completing conformal radiation therapy (54 Gy), she developed profound fatigue, headaches, and 102° fevers. Physical examination and routine laboratory work were unrevealing. Imaging was not performed. Prednisone was prescribed and within 1 week her symptoms had largely resolved. This is the first report of the somnolence syndrome after focal radiation therapy. The possible etiology of the somnolence syndrome is discussed.     

A case of metachronous bilateral Breast Cancer with bilateral radiation pneumonitis after breast-conserving therapy

We report a patient with metachronous bilateral breast cancer who has twice developed radiation pneumonitis after breast-conserving therapy for each breast. The patient was a 48-year-old woman, who presented with Stage I right breast cancer. After wide excision of the right breast tumor and dissection of level I axillary lymph nodes, systemic therapy with oral 5-FU and tamoxifen was started. Subsequently, tangential irradiation with a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions was given. Seven months after irradiation, she developed respiratory symptoms and radiation pneumonitis was diagnosed. The symptoms resolved with oral prednisolone. Thirty months after the right breast cancer treatment, Stage I left breast cancer was diagnosed. After wide excision of the left breast tumor and partial removal of the level I axillary lymph nodes, the same oral systemic chemo-hormonal therapy was initiated. Thereafter, tangential irradiation with a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions was given. Four months after irradiation, she developed respiratory symptoms. A chest X-ray showed an area of increased density in the left lung consistent with radiation pneumonitis. The symptoms were mild and they improved spontaneously without medication. Although there is insufficient evidence to justify or withhold whole breast radiation therapy from patients with a history of contralateral breast cancer and radiation pneumonitis, it is essential to discuss the adequacy of whole breast irradiation and the possibility of alternative approaches, such as breast-conserving surgery without irradiation or partial breast irradiation for this rare condition.     

Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the gingiva

78 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the gum were treated in our hospital from 1964 to 1982. 54 were male and 24 female, the sex ratio was 2.3:1. The peak age ranged from 50 to 59 years. 19 (24%) patients had lesions of stages I-II and 56 (71.7%) of stage III. All the patients were treated with surgery only or radiotherapy plus surgery. In 72 treated by surgery only, the lesions of the upper and lower gingival carcinoma without regional lymph node metastasis gave 5 year survival rates of 50% and 83.3%, while those with regional lymph node metastasis gave 5 year survivals of 20% and 58.5%, respectively. The rest 6 patients receiving radiotherapy plus surgery gave a 5 year survival rate of 50%. The results indicate that the prognosis is better for the carcinoma of the lower gum without regional lymph node metastasis.     

Amelioration of acute oral mucositis by keratinocyte growth factor: fractionated irradiation

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to quantify the protective efficacy of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF) in oral mucosa. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Mouse tongue mucosal ulceration was analyzed as the clinically relevant end point. Fractionated irradiation of the snout with 5 daily fractions of 3 Gy was followed by graded test doses, given to a test area of the lower tongue, on Day 7. rHuKGF was injected s.c. in daily doses of 5 mg/kg before radiotherapy, during radiotherapy, over the weekend break, or a combination. Moreover, single rHuKGF injections (5 or 15 mg/kg) were given on Day -1 or on Day 4. RESULTS: In a single-dose control experiment, the ED50, i.e., the dose after which ulcer induction is expected in 50% of the mice, was 10.9 +/- 0.7 Gy. Fractionated irradiation without keratinocyte growth factor rendered an ED50 for test irradiation of 5.6 +/- 3.7 Gy. Keratinocyte growth factor increased the ED50 values to 7.8 +/- 3.3 Gy (Days -3 to -1, p = 0.01), 8.3 +/- 1.6 Gy (Days -4 to -2, p = 0.0008), 10.5 +/- 1.4 Gy (Days 0 to +2, p = 0.0002), 11.0 +/- 0.5 Gy (Days 0 to +4, p = 0.002), 10.6 +/- 1.4 Gy (Days +4 to +6, p = 0.0021), 10 +/- 0.07 (Days -3 to +1, p = 0.0001) or 11.0 +/- 0.02 (Days +4 to +8, p = 0.0001). This is equivalent to compensation of approximately 1.5 fractions of 3 Gy when rHuKGF is given before radiotherapy and 3-4 fractions in all other protocols by rHuKGF treatment. Single rHuKGF injections were similarly (5 mg/kg) or more (15 mg/kg) effective. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these results indicate a marked increase in oral mucosal radiation tolerance by rHuKGF, which is most pronounced if the growth factor is applied during fractionated radiotherapy. The effect seems to be based on complex mechanisms, predominantly changes in both epithelial proliferation and differentiation processes.     

N_0期鼻咽癌颈部照射的合适范围探讨

 目的　确定N0 期鼻咽癌颈部照射的合适范围。方法　回顾性分析 196例N0 期鼻咽癌病人治疗后颈部控制结果及相关因素。全部病例接受单纯根治性放疗 ,鼻咽中位剂量DT70Gy ;颈部治疗范围只包括双侧上半颈 ,治疗剂量DT( 4 0～ 72 )Gy(平均DT4 7Gy ,中位DT5 0GY)。 结果　共有 9例病人治疗后发生颈部淋巴结转移 ,颈部 5年控制率 96 .1%。其中 4例同时合并鼻咽部复发 ,单纯颈部复发 5例 ,单纯颈部复发率 2 .5 5 % ( 5 / 196 )。颈部治疗剂量低于DT4 5Gy组的颈部复发率为9.0 % ( 6 / 6 7)明显高于剂量高于DT4 5Gy组的2 .3% ( 3/ 12 9) ;有鼻咽复发者的颈部复发率 13.3% ( 4 / 33)明显高于无复发者的 3.0 % ( 5 / 16 6 ) ;以上差异有统计学意义。结论　N0 期鼻咽癌病人放射治疗后颈部复发率很低 ,颈部治疗范围包括双上颈已足够 ,治疗剂量应高于 4 5Gy。     

术后放射治疗对口腔颌面部组织瓣修复的影响

目的研究术后放射治疗对口腔颌面部组织瓣修复的影响和组织瓣的放射治疗耐受性,为头颈部癌根治术组织缺损立即整复后行术后放射治疗提供临床依据。方法对１１４块口腔颌面部修复组织瓣进行术后放射治疗（４０００～７２００ｃＧｙ,４～７．５周）反应的近期和远期观察,并以放射野内相邻正常口腔粘膜或皮肤为自身对照。结果组织瓣的急性放射反应（包括红肿、糜烂或溃疡）的发生率明显低于相邻的正常组织（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且出现晚、程度轻,放射治疗后可完全消退;远期反应也不常见;不同类型修复组织瓣的放射治疗耐受性差异无显著意义;放射治疗后１１４块组织瓣中１１２块（９８．２％）全瓣成活。结论口腔颌面部修复组织瓣有良好的放射治疗耐受性,可安全接受全疗程的常规术后放射剂量照射。