腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术放置"T"管方法改进

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术放置"T"管的处理方法以及改进措施,提高患者实际临床治疗效果。方法选取某院肝胆外科2009年6月~2014年6月行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石(Laparoscopiccommonbileductexploration,LCBDE)、置T管以治疗肝外或肝外合并肝内胆总管结石患者140例为研究对象,胆总管切开取石,进行一期缝合或置T管。结果胆总管切开取石一期缝合25例(17.9%),置T管115例(82.1%)。手术中结石取尽86例(61.4%)、术后胆道镜取石54例(38.6%)。置T管患者术后5~8w经过T管胆道造影确诊无结石残留后摘除T管,140例患者术后跟踪回访3~60个月,并无复发现象。结论患者实施腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术放置T管进行治疗,T管拔管时间以及T管胆道造影无残留结石后拔管时间为术后5~8w时间,拔管后闭管2w时间可以在很大程度上提高患者实际临床治疗效果。     

腹腔镜胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石

胆道结石是我国常见病、多发病,其中胆总管结石占11%[1].我们对于胆管结石传统手术方法为开腹胆总管切开取石、T管引流术.开展腹腔镜手术以后,采用腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石、T管引流手术方法,且以上两种治疗过程都为3～4周.采用腹腔镜、胆道镜及十二指肠镜联合治疗胆总管结石30例,Ⅰ期缝合胆总管,不置T管引流,30例患者均获成功,取得了满意效果.     

不同术式对胆结石患者的临床影响

目的总结运用不同胆结石手术的临床治疗经验。方法综合分析运用腹腔镜胆道探查T管引流术、腹腔镜胆道探查一期缝合术、经胆囊管途径腹腔镜胆道探查术、十二指肠乳头切开取石加腹腔镜胆囊切除等四种手术方式对胆结石病人治疗的临床效果。结果腹腔镜胆道探查一期缝合术对患者的临床不良影响较小，安全性较大。结论采取适宜的治疗手段应符合各种类型的胆结石患者临床具体特征。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后引流与非引流的临床探讨

目的总结腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管切开取石行内引流、“T”管外引流与I期缝合的临床适应证。方法应用腹腔镜及纤维胆道镜技术治疗胆总管结石患者,行胆总管切开取石。胆总管内置入“内引流管”,“T”管以及一期缝合并观察疗效。结果131例腹腔镜手术全部成功,手术时间90—210min．其中行“T”管外引流41例,一期缝合90例。全组发生胆漏3例,8例术后残留肝内胆管结石,均带“T”管出院,于术后6周回院行胆道镜取净结石治愈。全组均无胆道狭窄、大出血、腹腔感染。术后第2天进流质饮食并下床活动．平均住院7．5d。结论只要严格掌握适应证和熟练的腹腔镜操作技术,胆总管切开取石术后一期缝合是值得推广的。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术后T管并发症的原因及防治

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术后T管并发症的原因及防治措施。方法对2002年～2008年笔者所在医院行腹腔镜胆总管探查T管引流术的378例(其中男性143例,女性235例;年龄17～83岁,平均年龄51.3岁)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后发生T管并发症的有16例(4.23%),其中男性7例,女性9例;年龄20～76岁,平均年龄50.7岁。13例(胆汁漏5例,T管意外滑脱3例,T管扭曲3例,T管引流量异常2例)经保守治疗治愈,1例围T管短臂结石形成者经胆道镜再次取石治愈,2例T管意外滑脱者再次行开腹手术治愈。结论腹腔镜胆道探查术后T管并发症的发生原因主要与手术操作技术、术后处理及患者自身因素相关;提高手术操作技术,术后及时、正确的处理是防治术后T管并发症的关键。     

腹腔镜免T管左肝外叶切除治疗肝胆管结石临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜免T管左肝外叶切除治疗肝胆管结石的疗效、可行性及安全性。方法将我院2017年1月至2018年8月收治的以左肝外叶结石为主的肝胆管结石患者68例按随机数字法分为经左肝管探查组(LHD组)及经胆总管探查组(CBD组),每组34例。LHD组患者采用腹腔镜左肝外叶切除经左肝管残端置入胆道镜行肝内胆管及胆总管探查取石,缝合左肝管残端,不放置T管。CBD组患者采用腹腔镜左肝外叶切除胆总管切开胆道镜探查取石及T管引流术。分析比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、拔管时间、住院时间、术后残石率及并发症等指标。结果 LHD组患者手术时间少于CBD组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。2组患者术中出血量、拔管时间、住院时间、术后残石率及并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论腹腔镜免T管左肝外叶切除治疗以左肝外叶结石为主的肝胆管结石安全可行且有效。     

边疆民族地区外科手术患者的心理护理

目的 探讨心理护理在基层医院普外科手术患者治疗中的作用.方法 对60例普外科手术患者进行随机抽样分组.实验组30例,根据围手术期的不同阶段,在传统围手术期护理的基础上采用心理护理措施;对照组30例,按传统围手术期护理.观察两组患者在手术中配合相关手术知识、掌握术后恢复等的情况.结果 试验组实施心理护理后,病人由被动治疗变主动配合,提高了患者的治疗效果和患者的满意度.结论 围手术期的不同阶段实施了针对性的心理干预,密切了护患关系,扩大了患者对相关手术知识的掌握,提升了医院的社会效应.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术后一期缝合联合鼻胆管引流的疗效分析

目的 比较分析腹腔镜下胆总管探查术后一期缝合联合鼻胆管引流与T管引流治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效及并发症。方法 回顾分析2014年2月至2018年6月行腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)+胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)的患者共205例,按术后引流方式分为T管引流组(行T管引流,108例)和鼻胆管引流组(行一期缝合联合鼻胆管引流,97例),比较2组患者的手术效果,包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后进食时间、血浆管拔除时间、胆道引流管拔除时间、住院时间;比较2组患者的胆瘘、胆汁性腹膜炎、胆总管残留结石、胆道出血、低钾血症及术后1年胆道狭窄等并发症发生率。结果 术后总的并发症发生率组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);手术时间、术后进食时间、术中出血量、血浆管拔除时间组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);鼻胆管引流组的胆道引流管拔除时间和住院时间短于T管引流组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 与留置T管引流相比,腹腔镜胆总管探查术后一期缝合联合鼻胆管引流对机体的生理功能影响更小,引流管拔除时间和住院时间更短,且不会增加手术并发症发生率。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗泌尿系疾病的围手术期护理体会

目的：讨论泌尿系疾病使用经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗的护理方法及体会。方法对我科2012年4月~12月住院患者行单孔腹腔镜手术治疗20例进行完善的术前准备、术后密切观察生命体征，实施各项护理措施预防并发症的发生。结果20例患者均顺利手术，手术后未发生并发症。结论单孔腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病在临床迅速发展，对手术患者实施针对性的护理，预防并发症，有助于加快康复，提高患者生活质量。     

胆道术后T形管引流护理体会

T形管在胆总管切开取石术,胆肠吻合术,重症胆管炎等胆道手术中有重要作用,它可以起支架作用,防止胆道狭窄、梗阻及为日后造影,胆道镜检查及取石提供方便,同时T形管引流还能促使炎症消退。我院自1997年8月至1999年1月共施行胆道手术T形管引流51例,现将护理体会介绍如下。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995