婴幼儿反复和持续喘鸣音83例原因分析

目的　提高临床医生对喘鸣音的鉴别诊断能力。方法　对临床以持续喘鸣≥ 4周或反复喘鸣≥ 3次、年龄≤ 3岁的 83例住院患儿进行病因分析。结果　气管、支气管软化 7例 ,气管、支气管狭窄 5例 ,吸入因素 6例(2例为胃食管反流 ,3例为异物 ,1例为腭裂 ) ,闭塞性毛细支气管炎 2例 ,支气管肺发育不良 3例 ,先天性心脏病3例 ,早产儿 3例 ,婴儿多囊肾 1例 ,婴幼儿哮喘 5 3例。结论　婴幼儿出现喘鸣音最多见的原因为婴幼儿哮喘 ,小婴儿必须排除先天性因素的可能性 ;6个月以内的小婴儿 ,持续或反复的喘鸣音 ,对常规治疗无效或不敏感 ,应做纤维支气管镜、肺CT检查以排除其他原因所致的喘鸣音。     

婴幼儿反复或持续喘息病因谱分析及诊断程序探讨

目的 分析婴幼儿反复或持续喘息的病因分布,并探讨病因诊断程序.方法 对临床以持续喘息≥4周或反复喘息≥3次、年龄≤3岁的185例住院患儿进行病史询间和查体,并进行肺功能、X线胸片、胸部CT或气管三维重建、纤维支气管镜、24 h食管pH值监测等检查,结合治疗效果,最后确定病因诊断.结果 婴幼儿反复或持续喘息病因比例依次为:支气管哮喘123例次(62.12%),气管支气管软化症22例次(11.11%),气管支气管狭窄18例次(9.09%),吸入因素10例次(5.05%,其中异物5例、胃食管反流2例、腭裂2例、气管食管瘘1例),支气管肺发育不良5例次(2.53%),闭塞性毛细支气管炎4例次(2.02%),支气管淋巴结结核4例次(2.02%),先天性心脏病4例次(2.02%),其他病因7例次(3.54%).单一病因171例(92.4%),复合病因14例(7.6%).结论 支气管哮喘是婴幼儿出现反复或持续喘息的首要病因,支气管淋巴结结核、闭塞性毛细支气管炎等与感染相关的喘息性疾病亦不容忽视,6个月以内婴儿最多见的病因为先天性气道发育异常;反复或持续喘息、对常规治疗无效或不敏感者,应作纤维支气管镜、胸部CT三维重建检查,以排除其他原因所致喘息;应根据病因分布和临床特征,制定婴幼儿反复或持续喘息病因诊断程序.     

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现将2006年我国儿童呼吸系统疾病的临床进展报道如下。1反复喘息和慢性咳嗽婴幼儿反复或持续喘息是常见的呼吸系统症状,除哮喘外,其他引起气道狭窄的疾病如支气管发育异常、免疫功能缺陷引起反复病毒感染等也是常见的病因,临床上,易将引起婴幼儿反复或持续喘息的其他疾病误诊为哮喘,病因鉴别非常重要。范永琛[1]对婴幼儿反复喘鸣的病因临床类型与小儿哮喘进行了文献综述,有呼吸道病毒感染、支气管、肺发育因素等。罗征秀等[2]对58例婴幼儿反复、持续吼喘(wheezing)进行了病因分析,其中哮喘26例,气管支气管软化10例,气管支气管狭窄9例,异物4…     

小儿先天性气道畸形23例临床及影像学特点

目的 分析先天性气道畸形的临床及影像学特点,深入对先天性气道畸形的认识,指导临床诊断,减少漏诊及误诊率.方法 收集2005年至2011年中国医科大学附属盛京医院小儿呼吸内科首次就诊诊断为先天性气道畸形患儿的临床资料,回顾性分析其临床及影像学特点.结果 患儿23例,男12例,女11例;年龄1个月～10岁,平均年龄32个月;病程3d～3个月,平均18 d;临床多表现为反复咳嗽、喘息、呼吸困难、反复呼吸道感染.经螺旋CT及三维重建、联合增强CT检查,可见气管支气管狭窄6例,气管性支气管3例,左肺动静脉发育不良1例,肺隔离症3例,肺囊肿4例,肺发育不良6例.结论 临床上先天性气道畸形易发生漏诊及误诊.当患儿出现持续咳嗽;反复或持续喘息,经抗炎或支气管扩张剂治疗效果不佳;反复或持续喉鸣;反复肺内感染,呼吸困难;X线胸片同一部位反复或持续肺炎;X线胸片提示纵隔移位而原因不明时应考虑先天性气道畸形.螺旋CT三维重建及增强对诊断气道畸形具有重要价值.     

小儿先天性气管支气管畸形46例诊治分析

目的 探讨先天性气管支气管畸形的临床特点,以提高对该病的认识,减少误诊漏诊.方法 2004年2月至2008年6月在温州育英儿童医院呼吸科诊断为先天性气管支气管畸形的患儿46例,其中男29例,女17例.分析其临床、影像学、纤维支气管镜等特点.结果 46例患儿年龄3d至14岁,其中<3个月8例;3个月至1岁20例,>1～3岁15例,>3～14岁3例.均诊断为先天性气管支气管畸形,其中气管支气管软化10例,支气管起源异常15例,支气管缺如5例,气管支气管狭窄21例.复合畸形10例.发病年龄3d至14岁,均表现为反复咳嗽、反复或持续喘息,喘息多在吃奶、哭闹或运动后加重.X线胸片和CT平扫可见弥漫性或局限性透明度增强或肺不张,10例气管支气管软化通过纤维支气管镜确诊,螺旋CT三维重建诊断气管支气管狭窄21例,诊断支气管起源异常14例.结论 (1)对有下列临床特点者应该考虑到气管支气管畸形的可能:持续咳嗽经常规脸查不能明确病因;反复或持续喘息,经抗炎或支气管扩张剂治疗无效;反复或持续喉鸣;X线胸片同一部位反复或持续肺炎或肺不张;X线胸片提示局限性肺气肿、肺不张、纵隔移位而原因不明.(2)纤支镜对先天性气管支气管软化的诊断具有重要价值.(3)螺旋CT三维重建对诊断气管支气管起源异常和狭窄的诊断价值和纤支镜相当,尤其适用于年幼儿和危重儿.     

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喘鸣是婴幼儿时期呼吸道疾病中最常见的症状,病因很多,并非所有的喘鸣均由哮喘引起。气管、支气管炎及气管、支气管软骨软弱、异物、血管畸形,胸内肿瘤以及支气管淋巴结核等,均可引起喘鸣。分析天津市儿童医院收治的以喘鸣为主要症状的3岁以下婴幼儿196例,其主要病因见表1。表1天津市儿童医院收治的196例以喘鸣为主要症状的婴幼儿喘鸣病因病因例数大气道阻塞气管、支气管异物21气管、支气管淋巴结核51先天性气管、支气管、肺发育畸形12支气管软骨软化3纵隔囊肿和(或)肿瘤19血管畸形1中叶综合征5小气道阻塞毛细支气管炎30以喘息为表型的婴幼…     

67例反复喘息婴幼儿电子支气管镜检查分析

目的：探讨婴幼儿反复喘息常见原因,并进一步指导临床诊治。方法：对常规诊治无明显好转的持续或频繁反复喘息的67例患儿行电子支气管镜检查。结果：镜下见气管支气管内膜炎19例,内膜炎伴有炎性狭窄的11例;支气管异物11例;气管、支气管软化19例;支气管肺发育不良3例,支气管内膜结核1例,会厌囊肿1例,喉乳头状瘤1例,管外受压(胸腺)1例。结论：对反复多次咳喘或常规治疗效果欠佳的喘息患儿应积极寻找病因并进一步检查,除炎症以外,气管、支气管软化及支气管异物也是相对多见的原因,电子支气管镜检查是进一步明确此类患儿病因的有效方法。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（6）：447-449］     

纤维支气管镜诊治小儿气管支气管软化症53例分析

目的探讨小儿气管支气管软化症（TBM）的临床特征,并分析纤维支气管镜术在其诊断中的价值。方法2004年4月至2006年4月因诊治需要对229名患儿行纤维支气管镜术,依据术中直观检查诊断TBM53例,对其内镜下病变特征、一般情况、临床表现、其他辅助检查、治疗及转归等进行综合分析。结果（1）53例TBM中仅22例术前疑诊此病,另31例在术前的临床诊断主要为难治性肺炎及哮喘、原因不明肺不张等。（2）TBM年龄构成：患儿年龄为1个月-8岁,〈1岁41例,-2岁6例,-3岁4例,〉3岁2例;性别构成：女10例,男43例。（3）TBM病变部位：总气管软化11例,气管-支气管软化24例,支气管软化18例;两肺分布：左肺支气管软化12例;右肺支气管软化11例,左右肺均有软化19例;病变程度：轻度病变21例,中度病变25例,重度病变7例。（4）53例TBM患儿中,临床表现为反复或持续喘息28例,慢性咳嗽16例,反复呼吸道感染5例,肺不张2例,呼吸困难2例。结论TBM多见于婴幼儿,临床表现多样,多有呼气性喘鸣和咳嗽;纤维支气管镜检查可提高其诊断准确率,避免漏诊、误诊。     

先天性呼吸系统畸形234例临床分析

目的 探讨先天性呼吸系统畸形的类型和临床特点,提高对该类疾病的早期诊断率.方法 对温州医学院附属育英儿童医院呼吸科2003年7月至2008年6月收治的234例先天性呼吸系统畸形的类型、临床和影像学资料等进行总结分析.结果 234例先天性呼吸系统畸形患儿诊断时年龄1 d～14岁,平均1.12岁,主要症状为持续喉喘鸣、反复喘息、反复呼吸道感染、呼吸困难等.通过胸片、螺旋CT三维重建、纤维支气管镜和喉镜等检查,确诊复合畸形21例,单发畸形213例.单发畸形213例中,喉部畸形(97例)包括先天性喉软骨软化症90例,先天性喉蹼5例,先天性喉囊肿2例;气管支气管畸形(35例)包括先天性(支)气管狭窄17例,先天性支气管起源异常7例,气管支气管软化10例,气管食管瘘1例;肺部畸形(43例)包括肺隔离症5例,先天性肺囊肿22例,先天性大叶性肺气肿1例,肺不发育和发育不全8例,先天性肺囊性腺瘤样畸形7例;膈肌畸形(38例)包括先天性膈疝20例,先天性膈肌膨出症18例.经手术确诊的37例肺部畸形和36例膈肌畸形中,术前经临床和影像学做出初步诊断分别占83.78%和91.67%.28例先天性(支)气管狭窄(含复合畸形11例)经螺旋CT三维蕈建联合纤维支气管镜检查确诊;10例先天性支气管起源异常(含复合畸形3例)经螺旋CT三维重建诊断.喉软化和(支)气管软化的诊断依靠喉镜和纤维支气管镜检查.结论 对于持续喉喘鸣、反复喘息、反复呼吸道感染、呼吸困难的患儿应考虑到先天性呼吸系统畸形的诊断,其类型分为喉部畸形、气管支气管畸形、肺部畸形和膈肌畸形.影像学检查和呼吸内镜对先天性呼吸系统畸形的诊断有着十分重要的作用.     

儿童反复性肺炎86例临床分析

目的 探讨住院儿童反复性肺炎的基础疾病和诊断方法.方法 回顾分析2000年1月-2006年12月住院的86例反复性肺炎患儿的临床资料.结果 ①86例中先天性气管支气管肺畸形15例(占17.4%),呼吸道吸入14例(占16.3%),先天性心脏病12例(占14.0%),支气管哮喘7例(占8.1%),闭塞性细支气管炎5例(占5.8%),支气管肺发育不良5例(占5.8%),支气管扩张症4例(4.7%),中叶综合征3例(占3.5%),支气管异物3例(占3.5%),胸廓畸形3例(占3.5%),营养不良3例(占3.5%).免疫缺陷病2例(2.3%),21三体综合征2例(2.3%),Kartagener综合征1例(1.6%),原因不明7例(8.1%).②发病年龄以婴幼儿最常见(占53.5%),学龄前期儿童次之(占34.9%),学龄儿童较少见(占11.6%).③病变在单一部位32例(占37.2%),非单一部位54例(占62.8%).④经CT(含三维CT)确诊20例(25.3%),心脏B超确诊12例(15.2%),纤维支气管镜确诊8例(10.1%),24 h食管Ph确诊5例(6.3%),手术证实8例(10.1%),免疫功能检查确诊2例(2.5%).通过多种检查联合证实11例(13.9%).结论 应重视反复性肺炎及其基础疾病的诊断.儿童反复性肺炎多存在基础疾病,最常见为先天性气管支气管肺畸形,其次为呼吸道吸入、先天性心脏病、哮喘等.婴幼儿好发,多见于右中、下叶.病史、体格检查和X线胸片可以为进一步的检查提供重要线索,胸部CT和纤维支气管镜等是多数儿童反复肺炎基础疾病诊断的主要依据.     

T淋巴细胞亚群及过敏原与婴幼儿肺炎支原体感染伴喘息的关系

目的 分析肺炎支原体 （MP）感染伴喘息婴幼儿的T淋巴细胞亚群表达及过敏原筛查情况。方法 流式细胞仪检测354例MP感染伴喘息婴幼儿 （MP喘息组）、336例MP感染不伴喘息婴幼儿 （MP非喘息组）、277例反复喘息患儿 （反复喘息组）的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达,同时进行过敏原检测。结果 MP喘息组和反复喘息组的CD3+及CD3+CD8+淋巴细胞百分比均低于MP非喘息组 （P < 0.05）;MP喘息组和MP非喘息组的CD3+CD4+淋巴细胞百分比均高于反复喘息组 （P < 0.05）;MP喘息组和反复喘息组的CD3-CD19+及CD19+CD23+淋巴细胞百分比均明显高于MP非喘息组 （P < 0.05）,以反复喘息组最高 （P < 0.05）。食入性过敏原检测总阳性率 （30.3%）高于吸入性过敏原 （14.7%）,P < 0.05;反复喘息组、MP喘息组的食入性和吸入性过敏原阳性率均高于MP非喘息组,以反复喘息组最高 （P < 0.05）。结论 T淋巴细胞亚群紊乱、过敏体质在MP感染伴喘息的婴幼儿发病起着重要作用。     

婴幼儿喘息与呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎支原体感染及过敏的关系

目的了解婴幼儿喘息性疾病与呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎支原体感染的关系,同时进行常见食物过敏原和吸入过敏原筛查,旨在探讨婴幼儿喘息与呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎支原体感染及过敏的关系及其与支气管哮喘的相关性。方法对2000-01—2003-12在南京中医药大学附属医院就诊的232例下呼吸道感染的婴幼儿进行呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎支原体抗体的检测,并进行过敏原检测,收集特异性体质的表现及家族史,对有喘息症状的部分患儿进行随访。结果喘息组患儿以上2种病原体感染率高于非喘息组;81例喘息患儿随访中,有67.90%(55例)的患儿转为哮喘,这部分患儿的特应性体质表现及家族史与发病密切相关。结论婴幼儿喘息性疾病与呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎支原体感染密切相关,过敏是婴幼儿反复发生喘息性疾病的重要危险因素。     

喘息婴幼儿外周血气道炎症相关介质水平的研究

目的 通过检测喘息婴幼儿外周血相关炎症介质水平,从辅助性T细胞（Th）1/Th2失衡及气道炎症两个方面探讨婴幼儿喘息发生的可能机制。方法 选取急性喘息发作婴幼儿50例为喘息组,25例健康婴幼儿为健康对照组。喘息组患儿依据喘息发生次数分为首次喘息组（首发组）25例和反复喘息组（反复组,发作次数≥ 2次）25例;根据是否存在哮喘发生的高危因素分为有高危因素组22例和无高危因素组28例;根据病原学检测结果分为病原学阳性组23例和病原学阴性组27例。检测各组外周血Th1细胞因子白介素（IL）-2,Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）,以及总IgE （TIgE）水平。喘息组患儿同时送检外周血嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）计数,并采集标本进行呼吸道病原学检测。结果 喘息组外周血IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、TGF-β1及TIgE水平较健康对照组均明显升高（P < 0.05）;外周血IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、TGF-β1及TIgE水平在首发组与反复组,有哮喘高危因素组与无哮喘高危因素组,以及病原学阳性组与病原学阴性组之间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。相关性分析表明喘息组外周血EOS计数与IL-4水平呈正相关（P < 0.01）;IL-4水平与IL-5、IL-13水平呈正相关（P < 0.01）;IL-5水平与IL-13水平呈正相关（P < 0.01）;IL-2水平与TGF-β1水平呈正相关（P < 0.05）。结论 喘息婴幼儿存在Th1/Th2失衡,表现为Th2优势表达;IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、TGF-β1及IgE共同参与了婴幼儿喘息性疾病的发病过程。喘息婴幼儿存在气道炎症,与喘息发作次数、是否存在哮喘高危因素及病原学检测是否阳性无关。     

Bronchiolitis in infants

Bronchiolitis is a common cause of wheezing among infants. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common infectious agent to cause bronchiolitis, and RSV infection accounts for more than 125,000 hospitalizations per year in the United States. Beyond supportive measures, the care of infants with bronchiolitis remains controversial. Practitioners continue to treat infants with a variety of pharmacologic agents, despite limited evidence of their efficacy. Investigators continue to search for the safest and most cost-effective methods to treat infants with bronchiolitis, not only to overcome obstructive symptoms during the acute illness, but also to prevent recurrent symptoms of airway obstruction that occur in some children for years after their initial episode of bronchiolitis. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of RSV infection and of virus-host interactions may one day lead to the development of agents that alter the initial inflammatory response and strategies that help prevent recurrent episodes of wheezing and the development of asthma after acute bronchiolitis.     

婴幼儿哮喘的危险因素

目的寻找婴幼儿喘息、儿童哮喘的危险及保护因素。方法1个月~3岁肺炎患儿82例、毛细支气管炎65例、婴幼儿哮喘76例,107例正常儿童作为对照。采用向家长书面问卷调查方法询问各组婴儿既往病史、家族及个人过敏史、怀孕出生及婴幼儿喂养情况、生活条件等。结果父母任何一方有喘息史、父母任何一方有其他过敏史、父母任何一方吸烟、湿疹等个人过敏史任何一种、父(母)亲有哮喘史及过敏史、兄弟姐妹有哮喘史及过敏史、个人有过敏性鼻炎、个人有药物过敏、母妊娠期间早孕反应重、母亲是素食者、母亲文化程度低是婴幼儿哮喘的危险因素;而自然分娩、婴幼儿期补充VitD和钙剂、生后冬季户外活动时间长、每天平均睡眠时间长、住所有上下水设备是婴幼儿哮喘的保护因素。结论个人过敏史和家族过敏史为婴幼儿哮喘的主要危险因素。     

Wheezy babies—wheezy adults? Review on long-term outcome until adulthood after early childhood wheezing

Population-based birth cohort studies have documented that about 30% of children suffer from wheezing during respiratory infection before their third birthday. Recurrent wheezing is common in early childhood, but most patients outgrow their symptoms by school age. However, recent long-term postbronchiolitis follow-up studies from Sweden and Finland have revealed that asthma is present in about 40% of young adults and over half of the cases are relapses after many symptom-free years.
In population studies, the principal predictors for later asthma have been parental asthma, recurrent wheezing, atopy and eosinophilia. In the Swedish postbronchiolitis study, atopic diathesis through the development of clinical atopy, and early passive smoking through bronchial hyper-reactivity or later active smoking led to adult asthma. The Finnish postbronchiolitis follow-up stressed early recurrence of wheezing, wheezing induced by less invasive viruses than respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), early-life atopy and eosinophilia and parental asthma as predictors for adult asthma.
Conclusion: The majority of wheezing infants and children outgrow their symptoms by school age, but based on recent long-term follow-up studies, asthma relapses are common in young adults. These studies have highlighted parental asthma, maternal smoking and wheezing induced by other viruses than RSV as predictive factors for later asthma.     

Wheezy babies--wheezy adults? Review on long-term outcome until adulthood after early childhood wheezing.

Population-based birth cohort studies have documented that about 30% of children suffer from wheezing during respiratory infection before their third birthday. Recurrent wheezing is common in early childhood, but most patients outgrow their symptoms by school age. However, recent long-term postbronchiolitis follow-up studies from Sweden and Finland have revealed that asthma is present in about 40% of young adults and over half of the cases are relapses after many symptom-free years. In population studies, the principal predictors for later asthma have been parental asthma, recurrent wheezing, atopy and eosinophilia. In the Swedish postbronchiolitis study, atopic diathesis through the development of clinical atopy, and early passive smoking through bronchial hyper-reactivity or later active smoking led to adult asthma. The Finnish postbronchiolitis follow-up stressed early recurrence of wheezing, wheezing induced by less invasive viruses than respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), early-life atopy and eosinophilia and parental asthma as predictors for adult asthma. CONCLUSION: The majority of wheezing infants and children outgrow their symptoms by school age, but based on recent long-term follow-up studies, asthma relapses are common in young adults. These studies have highlighted parental asthma, maternal smoking and wheezing induced by other viruses than RSV as predictive factors for later asthma.     

婴幼儿喘息与肺炎支原体感染的关系探讨

目的探讨婴幼儿喘息发作与肺炎支原体(MP)感染之间的关系。方法选取228例下呼吸道感染婴幼儿分为初次喘息组(65例)、反复喘息组(83例)和无喘息组(80例)。收集患儿入院当天或次日空腹血清,采用ELISA法检测MP-Ig M,化学发光法测定血清总免疫球蛋白E(TIg E),欧蒙印迹法检测血清常见过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E(s Ig E),并且收集患儿特应性体质表现及过敏性疾病家族史临床资料。结果初次喘息组和反复喘息组患儿MP感染阳性率及血清TIg E水平高于无喘息组(P0.05);反复喘息组患儿s Ig E检测阳性率显著高于初次喘息组和无喘息组(P0.05),且这部分患儿特应性体质表现及过敏性疾病家族史与发病密切相关。结论 MP感染与婴幼儿喘息密切相关,MP是诱发婴幼儿喘息发作的主要病原体之一,过敏原、特应性体质和过敏性疾病家族史是婴幼儿反复喘息的主要危险因素。     

Recurrent wheezing in preterm infants: Prevalence and risk factors

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with progression to recurrent wheezing in preterm infants.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was carried out in 2014 and 2015 and analyzed preterm infants born between 2011 and 2012. The search for these children was performed in a university maternity hospital and a Special Immunobiological Reference Center. The evaluation was performed through a questionnaire applied during a telephone interview.ResultsThe study included 445 children aged 39 (18–54) months. In the univariate analysis, the risk factors with the greatest chance of recurrent wheezing were birth weight <1000 g, gestational age <28 weeks, living with two or more siblings, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis in the child, as well as food allergy and asthma in the parents. In the multivariate analysis, there was a significant association between recurrent wheezing and gestational age at birth <28 weeks, food allergy and atopic dermatitis in the child, and living with two or more children. Of the 445 analyzed subjects, 194 received passive immunization against the respiratory syncytial virus, and 251 preterm infants were not immunized. There was a difference between the gestational age of these subgroups (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of recurrent wheezing was 27.4% (95% CI: 23.42–31.70), whereas in the children who received passive immunization it was 36.1% (95% CI: 29.55–43.03).ConclusionsPersonal history of atopy, lower gestational age, and living with two or more children had a significant association with recurrent wheezing. Children with lower gestational age who received passive immunization against the respiratory syncytial virus had a higher prevalence of recurrent wheezing than the group with higher gestational age.     

尘螨阳性婴幼儿首次喘息后反复喘息发作的危险因素

目的 探讨尘螨阳性婴幼儿首次喘息后反复喘息发作的危险因素。方法 选取2014年8月至2015年2月间住院的首次喘息发作婴幼儿共1 236例,其中尘螨阳性387例,出院后随访1年,随访1年内再发喘息3次及3次以上的患儿设定为反复喘息组（n=67）,随访期间未再发生喘息的患儿设定为对照组（n=84）。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic逐步回归分析,探讨尘螨阳性的婴幼儿反复喘息发作的危险因素。结果 单因素分析显示,入院时年龄、入院前喘息时间、肺炎支原体感染率、流感病毒感染率与反复喘息发作相关联。多因素logistic逐步回归分析显示,入院时年龄较大（OR=2.21,P=0.04）、合并肺炎支原体感染（OR=3.54,P=0.001）为反复喘息发作的独立危险因素。结论 尘螨阳性的婴幼儿,特别是幼儿,若首次喘息时合并有肺炎支原体感染,则反复喘息发作的风险明显升高。