实时三维超声成像及彩色多普勒显像对胎儿先天性心脏联合畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨实时三维超声成像及彩色多普勒显像对胎儿先天性心脏联合畸形的诊断价值。方法应用实时三维超声心动图和彩色多普勒血流显像仪对2004年5月-2006年5月间的孕22～28周妊娠妇女，在常规二维超声检查检出8例拟为胎儿先天性心脏联合畸形者又进行三维和彩色多普勒超声成像，在观察胎儿四腔心的基础上，增加心室流出道，三血管平面和短轴切面，进行必要的局部放大以观察心脏各切面结构和彩色血流特征。最后，确诊8例胎儿患有先天性心脏联合畸形。结果检查出的8例胎儿先天性心脏联合畸形中，其中矫正型大动脉转位1例，法乐四联症3例，左室发育不良1例，心内膜垫缺损2例，左室双出口1例。实时三维超声成像所提供的先天性心脏联合畸形，图像丰富，形态自然、完整，具体部位结构显示更清晰。结论实时三维超声心动图对胎儿先天性心脏联合畸形进行多切面观察，是对二维超声成像的有益补充，可提供更丰富的诊断信息，     

彩色多普勒及二维超声心动图在先天性心脏病中的应用

目的:探讨用彩色多普勒超声检查的方法诊断各种先天性心脏病的优越性。方法:78例先天性心脏病患者采用平卧位或左侧卧位,常规二维超声心动图检查左室长轴切面、心尖四腔、剑突下四腔心切面、胸骨旁五腔心切面和心底短轴切面,观测房室大小、心血管起始部位、粗细及室间隔、房间隔有无中断,肺动脉与降主动脉之间有无异常通道;用彩色多谱勒超声检查观测房水平、室水平有无左向右或右向左过隔血流信号,观察多谱勒频谱方向、性质、时相等,测量相关血流速度。结果:经手术或心血管造影证实,78例先天性心脏病患者中经二维超声心动图诊断及彩色多普勒超声诊断房间隔缺损28例,26例符合,2例不符合,符合率92.8%;室间隔缺损27例,26例符合,1例不完合符合,符合率96.3%;动脉导管未闭13例完全符合,符合率100.0%;法鲁氏四联症3例、心内膜垫缺损2例、左冠状动脉肺动脉瘘5例均由心血管造影证实符合。结论:彩色多普勒超声检查对二维超声心动图检查不能发现的小室间隔缺损、假性房间隔连续中断、动脉导管未闭可迅速、准确地作出判断。     

超声心动图在产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病中的临床探讨

目的:探讨超声心动图在产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病中的临床意义.方法:对50例先天性心脏病胎儿行产前胎儿超声心动图检查,着重观察胎儿胸、腹部切面,左右心室流出道长轴或大动脉短轴切面、四腔心切面、胎儿主动脉弓长轴切面.结果:50例先天性心脏病胎儿,其中复杂先天性心脏病部分合并心外畸形30例,单纯室间隔缺损12例,房间隔缺损8...     

彩色多普勒超声在胎儿心脏检查中的应用价值

目的 分析彩色多普勒超声在产前胎儿超声心动图检查中的应用价值,探讨提高胎儿先天性心脏病诊断准确率的方法.方法 回顾性分析我院1387例经产前彩色多普勒超声心动图检查的胎儿资料.中、晚孕期彩色多普勒超声检查胎儿心脏采用"三切面法"即四腔心切面和左、右室流出道切面,对超声检查发现可疑心脏异常的胎儿再进行详细的超声心动图检查.结果 产前彩色多普勒超声心动图检出胎儿先天性心脏病11例,占受检胎儿的7.93‰,其中单心房1例,单心室1例,心内膜垫缺损2例,室间隔缺损4例,肺动脉狭窄1例,房间隔缺损1例,左心发育不良并右室双出口1例.出生后超声心动图发现产前漏诊胎儿心脏畸形2例,占受检胎儿的1.44‰,其中房间隔缺损1例,室间隔缺损1例.室间隔缺损的直径为2.7mm,房间隔缺损的直径为4.3mm.结论 在合适的孕周,应用规范的、标准的检查切面、仔细辨识图像特征、熟悉病变特点,可以大大减少胎儿畸形的漏诊率.但由于胎儿先天性心脏病本身的复杂性和超声检查存在的局限性,不可能在产前检出所有的心脏畸形,应向孕妇及家属说明.     

超声心动图产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的价值

目的:探讨超声心动图在产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病诊断中的临床价值。方法:应用超声心动图对大于孕18周的孕妇进行胎儿系统筛查。观察胎儿腹围大血管位置平面、四腔心切面、左右室流出道切面、三血管切面、主动脉弓切面、动脉导管弓切面、上下腔静脉长轴切面二维声像图,观察心脏大小、结构、大血管的位置、走行等,并结合彩色多普勒进行分析。结果:发现胎儿先天性心脏病19例。其中单心室、单心房并共同动脉干3例;左心发育不良2例;右心发育不良2例;右室双出口1例;完全性心内膜垫缺损3例;法乐四联征1例;室间隔缺损3例;完全性大动脉转位1例,矫正型大动脉转位1例;主动脉弓离断2例。结论:超声心动图对产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病具有很高的价值,是首选诊断方法。     

超声心动图在胎儿先天性心脏病产前诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声心动图对胎儿先天性心脏病的诊断方法及应用价值。方法对256例高危孕妇进行胎儿超声心动图检查,首先应用二维切面探查,获取胎儿四腔心、左右室流出道、主动脉弓长轴等切面作为基础切面。在清晰的切面图上叠加彩色多普勒信号,观察心内有无异常分流或湍流,再以多普勒记录各房室瓣、半月瓣血流及异常湍流频谱,采用阶段分析法观察内脏、心房、心室血管的结构及连接情况。结果发现胎儿先心病21例,发病率8.1％。结论胎儿超声心动图为产前诊断胎儿先心病最有价值的检查手段,值得在有条件的各级医院应用。     

实时三维超声心动图在胎儿先天性心脏病筛查中的应用

目的 探讨实时三维超声心动图在胎儿先天性心脏病筛查中的应用价值.方法 选取2016年2月至2019年2月于焦作市第二人民医院接受胎儿先天性心脏病筛查孕妇10 265例,均接受实时三维超声心动图和二维超声心动图检查.以引产病理或活产胎儿超声诊断结果为金标准,比较两种检查方式对胎儿先天性心脏病检出情况.结果 10 265例...     

多切面法联合产前多普勒超声在胎儿先天性心脏病诊断中的应用研究

目的探讨多切面法联合产前多普勒超声在胎儿先天性心脏病诊断中的应用。方法选取2015年8月至2017年4月我院进行多普勒超声检查孕周在20~32周的7 890名孕妇作为研究对象,均进行联合多切面超声检查,跟踪产前诊断先天性心脏病的胎儿,引产病例予以尸体解剖,分娩病例予以新生儿超声心动图检查。结果7 890名孕妇中,产前多普勒超声检出胎儿先天性心脏病57例,检出率为0.73%(57/7 890),产后尸体解剖或新生儿超声心动图检查证实为先天性心脏病60例,经尸体解剖证实1例主动脉弓缩窄误诊为主动脉弓离断,经新生儿超声心动图检查证实1例右侧异构综合征误诊为左旋心,漏诊1例右位主动脉弓,漏诊2例单纯室间隔缺损,正确率为96.66%(55/60)。结论多切面联合彩色多普勒超声检查可有效诊断胎儿先天性心脏病,具有较高的临床应用价值,值得临床推广使用。     

三切面超声心动图检查在先天性心脏病诊断中的应用价值

目的分析三切面超声心动图检查在先天性心脏病诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2010年2月至2019年1月在该院接受产前常规超声检查的孕妇30 000例(孕20～36周),如果胎儿疑似为先天性心脏病,则进行三切面超声心动图检查,随访跟踪检查结果。结果产前三切面超声心动图检查共诊断出75例先天性心脏病胎儿,经产后新生儿超声心电图检查和引产后尸检证实,1例原发孔型房间隔缺损和2例室间隔缺损漏诊。全部75例先天性心脏病胎儿中,49例为复杂性畸形,26例为单纯心脏畸形。结论在诊断先天性心脏病时,三切面超声心动图检查具有较高的准确性,具有临床推广价值。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断胎儿先天性心脏畸形的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图对胎儿先天性心脏畸形诊断的临床价值。方法对彩色多普勒超声心动图对25例胎儿心脏进行产前、产后检查分析,运用先心病的三节段分析法及胎儿腹部横切面、四腔心切面、左右心室流出道切面、大动脉短轴切面、主动脉弓长轴切面、动脉导管切面和上下腔静脉切面探查胎儿心脏,并对心脏结构及血流分布进行观察。结果超声心动图对25例胎儿心脏异常孕妇进行检查,产前检出心脏畸形13例,正常12例;产后复查心脏畸形12例,正常11例,诊断符合率为92%（23/25）,漏、误诊2例,漏、误诊率为8%（2/25）。结论彩色多普勒超声心动图能够在产前对胎儿先天性心脏畸形做出正确诊断。     

二维超声三切面法筛查胎儿先天性心脏病的临床研究

目的：探讨二维超声三切面法进行胎儿先天性心脏病筛查的临床意义。方法：采用二维超声心脏三切面法对2006／2008年的2609例孕妇进行胎儿心脏畸形筛查,心脏三切面包括：四腔心切面,左右室流出道切面及三血管切面。同时对胎儿进行超声心动图检查,并进行结果对比。结果：二维超声心脏三切面法在初步筛查中发现胎儿先心病43例,均得到产前及产后超声心动图证实或胎儿尸检证实。另发现误诊4例,漏诊6例。两种方法检查结果无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：使用二维超声三切面法能够发现大多数胎儿心脏畸形,可作为临床初步筛查胎儿先心病简单有效的方法。     

Fetal echocardiographic screening in twins for congenital heart diseases

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital disorder at birth. Yagel and colleagues’s method of heart examination has been proved valuable in finding CHD prenatally in single pregnancies. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of CHD in twin pregnancies and the sensitivity of the method. Methods A total of 1103 pregnant women with twins were enrolled in this study, including 127 cases with high-risk for CHD. Five transverse ultrasound measurements were used for fetal heart examination, including the upper abdomen view, four-chamber view, five-chamber view, pulmonary artery bifurcation view, and three-vessel view. In the fetuses who were diagnosed with CHD and whose parents requested termination of the pregnancy, autopsy of the fetal heart was performed after an abortion, and a blood sample was collected from the heart for chromosome evaluation. In the other fetuses, a close follow-up was conducted by echocardiography within one year after birth. Results Antenatally, CHD was found in 12 twins, of which 4 were from the high-risk group (3.15%), and 8 from the low-risk group (0.82%). In 2 pairs of the twins, the two fetuses had a same kind of CHD (one pair had tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), another pair had rhabdomyoma). Another pair had different types of anomaly (one fetus had TOF, and the other duodenal atresia with a normal heart). Termination of pregnancy was performed in these three pairs and the autopsy of the fetal heart confirmed the ultrasound findings. In the other 9 pairs, CHD was detected in one fetus, and a normal heart in the others. In the cases who received chromosome evaluation, 2 had abnormal chromosomes. During the follow-up after birth, heart examinations confirmed the prenatal diagnosis in 7 of the 9. The diagnosis of CHD was missed antenatally in 2 pairs of twins. In both the cases, one fetus was normal, and the other was confirmed as having CHD after birth (small ventricle septum defect in one, and persistent open ductus arteriosus in the other). Thus, the total frequency of CHD was 16 (7.3/1000), which was similar to that in single pregnancies. The sensitivity of fetal echocardiography was 87.5% and the specificity was 100%. Conclusions The frequency of CHD is the same in twin as in single pregnancies. Systemic ultrasound scanning with five transverse views is effective in diagnosing fetal CHD in twin pregnancies.     

超声心动图筛查胎儿先天性心脏病的临床研究

目的 探讨超声心动图在产前筛查胎儿先天性心脏病的临床价值.方法 通过超声心动图对2126例孕妇进行产前筛查,观察胎儿四腔心切面、左右室流出道切面、主动脉弓、动脉导管弓切面及上下腔静脉长轴切面二维声像图,如发现胎儿心脏可疑病变,进一步做全套超声心动图检查.结果 发现胎儿先天性心脏病25例,其中病例:心内膜垫缺损6例,三尖瓣闭锁并大动脉转位3例,大型室缺6例,法洛氏四联症2例,单心房2例,左心室发育不良3例,房间隔缺损2例,主动脉狭窄1例.通过引产后尸解及随访证实可疑先心病27例,漏诊2例,符合率为92.6%.结论 应用常规超声心动图筛查胎儿先天性心脏病是可行的,在胎儿产前畸形筛查中具有重要临床应用价值,值得推广.     

Identification of congenital cardiac malformation and in utero arrhythmia by fetal echocardiography

M-mode, 2D and Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography were performed on 111 fetuses of high-risk pregnancies. Fetal gestation ages ranged 16-41 weeks. Six congenital cardiac diseases were detected in utero and confirmed at autopsy in 4 cases, and one by Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography after delivery. These included a rhabdomyoma, an endocardial fibroelastosis with hydrops, a pulmonary stenosis with tricuspid regurgitation, a VSD, a VSD with descending aortic stenosis, an AV canal defect with single atrium and single AV valve with regurgitation. Arrhythmia was diagnosed in 23 fetuses, 9 had transient sinus bradycardia, 8 had premature atrial contraction, 2 had premature ventricular contraction which disappeared after birth, 4 had sustained sinus bradycardia, one of them combined PVC occurring in bigeminy and trigeminy, which continued after birth. These 4 fetuses had congenital heart disease. Conclusion: (1) 2 DE and PDE are the most valuable non-invasive technique for detection of fetal structural cardiac abnormalities. (2) M-mode and PDE make correct rhythm diagnosis in fetus. (3) The fetus with transient sinus bradycardia or PAC usually has a favorable prognosis. Sustained bradycardia has a more ominous prognosis, particularly if associated with heart abnormalities. (4) Fetal hydrops may associate with congestive cardiac failure in uterus. The incidence of cardiac disease is high in hydrops.     

超声心动图在胎儿心脏畸形诊断中的价值体会

目的：分析超声心动图在胎儿心脏畸形诊断中的临床价值。方法方便选取2014年12月-2016年4月在该院进行产前胎儿超声心动图检查的产妇80例,将超声心动图的检查结果进行观察比较。结果80例产妇中,发现心脏畸形的的胎儿有24例,占30.0%。室间隔出现缺损的有6例,左心脏发育不良的有2例,4例出现右室双出口,心内膜垫缺损有6例,右心发育不良的有4例。漏诊3例,误诊1例,诊断准确率达到95.0%。敏感度为94.6%,特异性达到了100%。结论超声心动图在胎儿心脏畸形诊断效果明显,可以明确诊断绝大部分的心脏畸形胎儿,尤其是对复杂的畸形胎儿,特异度更高,临床对于胎儿畸形诊断应多以超声心动图检查为主。     

超声诊断胎儿心内膜垫缺损

目的:探讨胎儿期心内膜垫缺损(ECD)的超声特征,分析诊断中存在的问题,以提高其产前超声诊断率。方法:对所有受检胎儿均行四腔心切面及四腔心平面头侧偏转法获得左、右室流出道、主动脉长轴切面、心底短轴切面及三血管切面扫查,再延降主动脉上行检测主动脉弓切面、动脉导管弓切面。对产前诊断的11例心内膜垫缺损的胎儿期超声心动图及相关超声信息进行总结分析。结果:共诊断胎儿心内膜垫缺损11例,均经引产后解剖证实或出生后超声证实。其中完全型ECD8例,部分型ECD3例。早期误诊1例,后于妊娠中期纠正诊断。结论:本资料结果显示,心内膜垫缺损产前有特征性的超声诊断声像,并依此征象可将其检出。ECD多合并严重的大血管畸形和心外畸形或染色体异常,所以大血管畸形、心外畸形、染色体异常的检出也是非常重要的。在胎儿ECD的产前诊断中仍然存在误诊、诊断时间过晚等问题,值得引起注意。     

应用胎儿心脏超声对先天性心脏病检测的价值评价

目的评价应用胎儿心脏超声对先天性心脏病检测的临床价值和意义。方法选取于2009年1月～2013年1月来我院行产前检查的孕妇986例,应用超声共筛查出胎儿先天性心脏病10例。结果经超声诊断单心室1例,法乐四联症2例,房间隔缺损3例,肺动脉瓣狭窄伴右室发育不良1例,左心室发育不良1例,室间隔缺损2例。结论胎儿超声心动图可以提高先天性心脏病的检出率,对降低婴儿出生缺陷起着不可替代的作用,可作为筛选妊娠中、晚期胎儿心脏病的首选检查方法之一。     

Methodological study on real-time three-dimensional echo- cardiography and its application in the diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease

Background Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography （RT-3DE） has made revolutionized improvements of cardiac imaging during the past few years. However, there is no standard examination method for RT-3DE so far. This study aimed to establish the diagnostic method of RT-3DE and evaluate its application in the diagnosis of complex congenital heart diseases （CHD）. Methods Fifty patients with complex CHD were examined by RT-3DE with modes of Live 3DE and Full Volume. A series of novel volumetric views combined with Van Praagh sequential segmental approach were introduced to reveal the pathological morphology of the hearts, which were compared with the findings of two-dimensional echocardiography （2DE）, angiography and cardiac surgery. Results In 50 patients, 190 image acquisitions of Full Volume were performed at several acoustic windows including subcostal, apical and parasternal regions. Among them, 94.2% （179/190） of image acquisitions were successful. Most sectional volumetric views could be clearly displayed in 92.6% of the successful image acquisitions. However, sectional volumetric views could not be clearly displayed in 7.4%, which was mainly due to poor perspective conditions of examination location, improper instrument multi-parameter setting and insufficient information of whole heart captured in Full Volume acquisitions. As compared with surgical findings and angiography, RT-3DE made correction to the diagnoses in 2 cases including 1 with corrected transposition of the great arteries and the other with single atrium and mitral cleft. The diagnoses initially made by 2DE for these 2 patients were double outlet right ventricle with transposition of the great arteries and complete atrio-ventricular septal defect. Conclusions RT-3DE can clearly display the pathological morphology of complex CHD by a series of novel volumetric views combined with sequential segmental approach through providing more spatial informative cardiovascular structures, which provides a practical method for RT-3DE diagnosis.     

应用胎儿超声心动图技术早期诊断动脉导管依赖型先天性心脏病

目的：探讨胎儿超声心动图对动脉导管依赖型先天性心脏病的临床诊断价值。方法：回顾分析16例经证实的动脉导管依赖型先心病的胎儿超声心动图资料，观察四腔心切面、三血管切面、左室流出道、右室流出道切面、主动脉弓和动脉导管弓长轴切面以及上下腔静脉汇入右房切面，总结其异常声像图特点，探索应用胎儿超声心动图技术诊断该类疾病的规律和方法。结果：根据生命依赖导管的作用及胎儿超声心动图改变，笔者将其分为三种类别，分别为以右心发育不良为代表的右心梗阻型、以左心发育不良为代表的左心梗阻型、室间隔完整的大动脉转位。结论：胎儿超声心动图可以早期发现和诊断动脉导管依赖型先心病，为进一步的治疗创造机会。左、右心相同节段对比显示法及彩色多普勒三血管切面血流显像具有重要价值。