基于灰度和形状的非刚性图像配准算法的研究

提出一种新的灰度和形状信息相结合的全自动同模态医学图像非刚性配准-分割算法,将欧氏距离表示的形状信息融入基于灰度的配准算法中,构造出新的代价函数.该算法在医学图像多目标分割的应用中,能够较好地完成灰度相近、边缘模糊、间距较小的不同结构的分割.对5组真实脑部MRI图像进行分割脑深层灰质结构的实验,结果表明,本算法优于基于灰度信息的图像配准算法.     

用于三维医学图像配准的“粗精”混合算法研究

目的三维医学图像配准能够为临床诊断提供更多更丰富的信息,是医学图像处理领域的研究热点。本文针对配准中传统方法很难兼顾到配准的准确度和速度,提出一种基于"粗精"混合配准的算法。方法首先,采用主成分分析方法对图像进行粗配准,减小浮动图像和参考图像之间的差异,得到精配准良好的初始参数;然后,采用改进的Powell算法在初始参数的基础上进行精配准;最后,以三维MRI图像为例设计了两组实验进行验证。结果该方法配准精度高,旋转参数误差低至0001,得到的图像灰度误差可限制在2以内。此外与全局优化方法相比,该方法保证配准精度的同时,在速度上可提高2~3倍。结论实验证明该方法可同时兼顾配准的准确度和速度。     

一种基于感兴趣点旋转不变性特征的图像配准新方法

目的:图像配准是图像处理领域重要的研究方向,是图像融合、图像重建和图像分析等研究的基础。在图像配准的主要方法中,基于图像特征的配准方法和基于图像灰度的配准方法各有优缺点,通过结合这两种方法的优点,我们提出了一种基于感兴趣点的旋转不变性特征图像配准的新方法。方法:首先利用Harris角点检测技术,提取模板图像和目标图像的感兴趣点。然后把感兴趣点的旋转不变形特征和灰度值组成图像的特征描述向量,并提出新的代价函数。最后采用分级优化的策略优化代价函数,在配准初期,采用显著的特征点进行配准,以保证配准的速度与鲁棒性,随后通过逐步增加特征点的数量,则保证了配准的精度。结果:为显示本文方法的优越性,实验利用本文方法和基于互信息的B样条方法分别对标准测试图像进行配准,实验结果表明,本文方法较基于互信息的B样条方法在配准精度上有明显提高。结论:本文方法在保持配准鲁棒性的前提下,获得了较高的配准精度。     

基于B样条的医学图像弹性配准

为解决医学图像上的形变和偏移,本研究采用基于B样条自由形变的配准方法.建立一个由控制点组成的网格,并将其套用在待配准图像上,得到初始控制网格参数.以梯度下降法为优化算法,以SSD测度为相似性测度,不断修正该参数,参数的改变将引起控制点最近邻4×4控制网格内所有的像素点发生移动,移动后的坐标位置由B样条拟合得到.以双线性插值为插值算法,计算出该位置的灰度值,该位置相对于配准后图像,等同于像素点移动前的位置映射到参考图像相对应的位置,当配准后图像与参考图像对应位置的灰度差异度达到最小时,就达到图像的最佳配准.实验结果表明,该算法配准结果满意,从而验证了本研究算法的有效性.     

基于互信息的人脑图像配准研究

近来利用互信息进行多模医学图像配准已成为医学图像处理领域的热点,人脑多模医学图像配准对研究神经组织的结构功能关系和引导神经外科手术有着重要的指导意义,本文描述了一种基于互信息的人脑图像配准方法,我们将这种方法应用于图像的几何对准并给出了初步的评估结果,同时,我们还就归一化互信息、多分辨率策略,多种插值和优化算法对配准速度和精度的影响作了讨论,由于不需要对不同成像模式下的图像灰度间的关系作任何假设,互信息法是一种稳健性强、可广泛应用于基于体素的多模医学图像的配准方法。     

基于回归预测的肺4D-CT多相位配准

针对由于灰度不均和局部形变较大引起的肺4D-CT图像配准精度不足问题,提出基于回归的逐块预测初始形变的方法。新方法的核心思想是:配准一幅浮动图像至参考图像时,利用与浮动图像相对应的不同相位的图像信息进行形变场预测。首先,利用已有配准算法配准不同相位的图像至参考图像,得到各图像对应的形变场;再将图像和对应形变场分块作为训练集,利用多维支持向量回归机建立回归模型;将浮动图像分块输入回归模型中,预测出初始形变场,从而得到中间图像,并最终细化配准中间图像与参考图像。采用由德克萨斯安德森肿瘤中心DIR实验室采集并公开的数据集,评价所提出的算法。实验量化评价结果表明,与传统的Active Demons算法、Spectral Log-Demons算法相比,图像的均方误差平方和显著降低(Active Demons算法49.34±23.92,Spectral Log-Demons算法31.81±15.09,所提出算法18.97±5.75,P<0.05),相关系数显著提高(Active Demons算法0.952±0.022,Spectral Log-Demons算法0.967±0.015,所提出算法0.980±0.006,P<0.05)。同时,视觉评价结果显示,所提出算法能够获得更准确的配准图像。     

基于形态学梯度和互信息的医学图像配准方法

基于互信息的图像配准方法,已被广泛用于医学图像的配准.但是该方法计算量较大且无法处理图像空间信息,导致运行时间较长且易陷入局部极值.为解决此问题,本研究提出了一种基于形态学梯度和互信息相结合的医学图像配准新方法,该方法充分利用图像的灰度信息和空间几何形状,可节省运行时间且有效改善传统互信息方法中的局部极值问题.实验结果表明,该方法的配准精度和运行速度明显优于传统方法.     

一种客观定量的图像配准评价方法

算法评价是图像配准算法设计中不可缺少的一个环节。本文提出了一种基于配准函数曲线形状定量描述的客观评价方法。方法以曲线的半峰高与半峰宽之比度量配准算法的收敛速度和配准精度,以曲率变化率度量配准算法的鲁棒性,从而有效克服了传统评价方法的不可度量性和主观性;评价简单易行。通过与传统评价方法的比较,实验验证了本章所提出评价方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于互信息医学刚性图像配准方法的研究

目的:基于互信息的配准方法是医学图像配准领域的重要方法,具有鲁棒性,精度高等优点。本文探究医学刚性图像配准的有效算法和关键技术。方法:基于互信息配准方法,利用Powell多参数算法和改进的PV插值算法,得到两幅图像之间的最大互信息和最佳配准参数。结果:二维磨牙CT图像配准实验表明,配准速度快,精度提高,验证了插值方法的有效性。结论:方法和算法可提高配准速度,能有效抑制互信息目标函数的局部极值。     

基于互信息的医学图像配准中互信息的计算

基于互信息的配准方法是医学图像配准领域的重要方法.互信息是图像配准中常用的相似性度量,具有鲁棒、精度高等优点,但基于互信息的配准计算量大,制约了它的实际应用.我们采用基于多分辨率和混合优化策略的配准方法,在图像的不同灰度等级数下进行配准,分析了互信息的计算量与灰度等级数的关系,并用人头部的MRI图像和CT图像做了二维的单模模拟实验和多模实际配准实验,结果显示在灰度等级数为32和64时,与灰度等级数为256时相比,配准精度没有明显改变,而计算量下降显著.     

The effect of automated landmark identification on morphometric analyses

Morphometric analysis of anatomical landmarks allows researchers to identify specific morphological differences between natural populations or experimental groups, but manually identifying landmarks is time‐consuming. We compare manually and automatically generated adult mouse skull landmarks and subsequent morphometric analyses to elucidate how switching from manual to automated landmarking will impact morphometric analysis results for large mouse (Mus musculus) samples (n = 1205) that represent a wide range of ‘normal’ phenotypic variation (62 genotypes). Other studies have suggested that the use of automated landmarking methods is feasible, but this study is the first to compare the utility of current automated approaches to manual landmarking for a large dataset that allows the quantification of intra‐ and inter‐strain variation. With this unique sample, we investigated how switching to a non‐linear image registration‐based automated landmarking method impacts estimated differences in genotype mean shape and shape variance‐covariance structure. In addition, we tested whether an initial registration of specimen images to genotype‐specific averages improves automatic landmark identification accuracy. Our results indicated that automated landmark placement was significantly different than manual landmark placement but that estimated skull shape covariation was correlated across methods. The addition of a preliminary genotype‐specific registration step as part of a two‐level procedure did not substantially improve on the accuracy of one‐level automatic landmark placement. The landmarks with the lowest automatic landmark accuracy are found in locations with poor image registration alignment. The most serious outliers within morphometric analysis of automated landmarks displayed instances of stochastic image registration error that are likely representative of errors common when applying image registration methods to micro‐computed tomography datasets that were initially collected with manual landmarking in mind. Additional efforts during specimen preparation and image acquisition can help reduce the number of registration errors and improve registration results. A reduction in skull shape variance estimates were noted for automated landmarking methods compared with manual landmarking. This partially reflects an underestimation of more extreme genotype shapes and loss of biological signal, but largely represents the fact that automated methods do not suffer from intra‐observer landmarking error. For appropriate samples and research questions, our image registration‐based automated landmarking method can eliminate the time required for manual landmarking and have a similar power to identify shape differences between inbred mouse genotypes.     

利用边缘和表面特征实现脑图像CT-MR的自动配准

应用基于CT和MR图像等值特征表面的配准算法对多模医学图像进行了配准研究.在CT、MR图像中提取等值特征表面,进行图像的几何对准,并对结果进行初步评估,同时对该算法的稳健性,搜索最近点策略和插值策略进行了研究.结果表明:这种方法能够达到亚象素级的配准精度,是一种稳健、高精度、全自动的配准方法.     

A finite element method to correct deformable image registration errors in low-contrast regions

Image-guided adaptive radiotherapy requires deformable image registration to map radiation dose back and forth between images. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel method to improve the accuracy of an intensity-based image registration algorithm in low-contrast regions. A computational framework has been developed in this study to improve the quality of the 'demons' registration. For each voxel in the registration's target image, the standard deviation of image intensity in a neighborhood of this voxel was calculated. A mask for high-contrast regions was generated based on their standard deviations. In the masked regions, a tetrahedral mesh was refined recursively so that a sufficient number of tetrahedral nodes in these regions can be selected as driving nodes. An elastic system driven by the displacements of the selected nodes was formulated using a finite element method (FEM) and implemented on the refined mesh. The displacements of these driving nodes were generated with the 'demons' algorithm. The solution of the system was derived using a conjugated gradient method, and interpolated to generate a displacement vector field for the registered images. The FEM correction method was compared with the 'demons' algorithm on the computed tomography (CT) images of lung and prostate patients. The performance of the FEM correction relating to the 'demons' registration was analyzed based on the physical property of their deformation maps, and quantitatively evaluated through a benchmark model developed specifically for this study. Compared to the benchmark model, the 'demons' registration has the maximum error of 1.2 cm, which can be corrected by the FEM to 0.4 cm, and the average error of the 'demons' registration is reduced from 0.17 to 0.11 cm. For the CT images of lung and prostate patients, the deformation maps generated by the 'demons' algorithm were found unrealistic at several places. In these places, the displacement differences between the 'demons' registrations and their FEM corrections were found in the range of 0.4 and 1.1 cm. The mesh refinement and FEM simulation were implemented in a single thread application which requires about 45 min of computation time on a 2.6 GHz computer. This study has demonstrated that the FEM can be integrated with intensity-based image registration algorithms to improve their registration accuracy, especially in low-contrast regions.     

3D Elastic Registration of Ultrasound Images Based on Skeleton Feature

INTRODUCTION The development of3D imaging has attracted great attention in the field of med-ical imaging by recent years.A majority of investigations in ultrasound imaging sys-tem have also focused on3D ultrasound image reconstruct system.All those recon-struct system based on recombination of2D images has a same condition that spatialposition of object being scanned remains unchanged as time passed by.Only in thisway,3D figure of human’s organ can be reconstructed by2D images obtained…     

基于调幅-调频与熵图多模态医学图像的配准

背景：基于传统互信息量的多模态医学图像配准方法配准时需要利用二维直方图或者Parzen窗函数的方法估计概率密度分布,进而计算互信息量,这种方式计算速度慢,而且只考虑了图像的灰度信息,容易出现误配。 目的：针对目前主流的配准方法鲁棒性差、耗时的缺点,提出了一种新的基于调幅-调频(AM-FM)特征互信息量的快速配准方法。 方法：该方法考虑了图像的空间和结构信息;首先通过AM-FM模型对图像进行分解,得到图像的AM-FM特征,与图像的灰度特征一起组成高维特征;然后利用熵图和最小生成树加快AM-FM特征互信息量的计算,从而实现了医学图像的快速配准。 结果与结论：对20组磁共振T1-T2加权图像、CT/正电子发射计算机断层成像图像进行了实验,结果表明该方法在图像空间分辨率较低,有噪声影响等情况下均可以达到较好的结果,且配准精度优于国际上的主流方法,具有计算速度快,精度高,鲁棒性强的特点,适于临床应用。     

HIFU治疗中基于呼吸和脉搏信号的B超图像配准

目的：超声引导的HIFU治疗系统在临床治疗中,在同一治疗层面上,医生需要移动B超探头对比不同位置的图像定位靶区,本研究提出了一种基于呼吸和脉搏信号的动态B超图像配准方法。方法：根据呼吸和脉搏信号周期出现的特点,探头先运动到理想位置连续采集大概10 s的B超图像作为参考图像,同时记录每帧参考图像采集时刻的呼吸和脉搏信号作为参考信号。探头再返回到治疗位置通过DTW算法配准实时的呼吸和脉搏信号,找到配准信号对应的参考图像再补偿B超探头移动导致的图像位移,最终实现实时图像与参考图像的配准。结果：在实验中,通过调节B超探头与人体皮肤的距离,找到理想位置采集B超图像和呼吸脉搏信号作为参考数据,再回到治疗位置开始B超图像的配准,配准结果发现该技术具有很高的准确性和稳定性。结论：该技术能有效实现动态B超图像配准,也解决了模糊图像无法配准的难题。     

利用相关比相似性测度多分辨率配准MR和PET医学图像的方法

采用了全新的相关比相似性测度作为配准的测度准则，提出了有效的磁共振(MR)和正电子发射端层扫描(PET)临床医学图像配准方法。具体设计时，采用了加速的多分辨率的配准方案，对方案中涉及的几何变换选取、重采样、多分辨率体数据表达及最优化方法进行了详细的设计分析。最后，利用多分辨率配准方法，对MR和PET临床医学图像进行配准，给出了令人满意的效果，同时和基于体素灰度的直接配准法相比，配准速度也有了很大提高。     

Medical Image Registration Based on Phase Congruency and Regional Mutual Information

In this paper, a new approach of multimodality image registration is represented with not only image intensity, but also features describing image structure. There are two novelties in the proposed method. Firstly, instead of standard mutual information ( MI ) based on joint intensity histogram, regional mutual information ( RMI ) is employed, which allows neighborhood information to be taken into account. Secondly, a new feature images obtained by means of phase congruency are invariants to brightness or contrast changes. By incorporating these features and intensity into RMI, we can combine the aspects of both structural and neighborhood information together, which offers a more robust and a high level of registration accuracy.     

Technical note: a physical phantom for assessment of accuracy of deformable alignment algorithms

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a simple deformable phantom as a QA tool for testing and validation of deformable image registration algorithms. A diagnostic thoracic imaging phantom with a deformable foam insert was used in this study. Small plastic markers were distributed through the foam to create a lattice with a measurable deformation as the ground truth data for all comparisons. The foam was compressed in the superior-inferior direction using a one-dimensional drive stage pushing a flat "diaphragm" to create deformations similar to those from inhale and exhale states. Images were acquired at different compressions of the foam and the location of every marker was manually identified on each image volume to establish a known deformation field with a known accuracy. The markers were removed digitally from corresponding images prior to registration. Different image registration algorithms were tested using this method. Repeat measurement of marker positions showed an accuracy of better than 1 mm in identification of the reference marks. Testing the method on several image registration algorithms showed that the system is capable of evaluating errors quantitatively. This phantom is able to quantitatively assess the accuracy of deformable image registration, using a measure of accuracy that is independent of the signals that drive the deformation parameters.