河南省传染性非典型肺炎暴发疫情的流行病学特征

目的：分析河南省传染性非典型肺炎暴发疫倩的流行病学特征。方法：应用个案调查方法，通过询问及查阅记录的方式，收集临床诊断病例的人口学、临床及流行病学数据。结果：河南省疫倩始于2003年4月2日，发生临床诊断病例15例，10例为输入病例，8例感染来源于医院。主要临床表现为发热(15／15)、咳嗽(10／15)及肺部X线炎症表现(15／15)。其中l例输入患者造成家系内3人感染，家系外1人感染。潜伏期为5—8d。结论：本次河南省暴发的传染性非典型肺炎疫情主要以输入病例为主，主要在医院和家庭内的密切接触者中传播。主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽及肺部X线炎症表现。疫倩造成的续发病例很少，说明预防控制措施效果良好。     

传染性非典型肺炎CT征象分析

目的：探讨传染性非典型肺炎的CT影像特征,提高对该病的认识。方法：回顾性分析25例“非典”病人的CT图像,并与常见的肺部发热性疾病进行鉴别。结果：传染性非典型肺炎本质上为严重的间质性肺炎,大体可分为间质渗出期、实质渗出期和纤维化期三期;早期CT表现为较有特征的“花朵”征或“花丛”征;实质渗出期和纤维化期则不易与其他病变鉴别。结论：认识传染性非典型肺炎的早期CT影像特征,有助于本病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

螺旋CT在SARS鉴别诊断中的价值

目的：探讨肺CT在SARS或传染性非典型肺炎流行时鉴别肺部病变中的价值。方法：复习50例发热患者X线胸片及CT的影像特点。结果：X线胸片正常而CT检查有磨砂玻璃影最后临床诊断为传染性非典型肺炎者3例，胸片显示小片状影的在CT像上为结节灶2例；结论：肺CT比普通X线胸片显示肺内病灶准确，CT在SARS早期是发现和诊断的最佳影像检查手段。     

典型肺炎与传染性非典型肺炎的X线鉴别诊断

[目的]分析传染性非典型肺炎(SARS)和典型肺炎的胸部X线征象,为临床鉴别诊断提供依据。[方法]对2003年1月～4月SARS患者90例和同期典型肺炎75例的X线胸片及其临床资料进行了对比分析。[结果]在发热1～4 d内,传染性非典型肺炎和典型肺炎早期病灶肺内出现阴影的患者分别占72.2％、77.3％,两组早期病灶多位于下野,病灶形态以肺纹理增强、斑片状分布为主,两者比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);传染性非典型肺炎48 h内病灶扩展速度大于50％的患者比例多于典型肺炎(P<0.05),传染性非典型肺炎高峰期病灶多数累及双肺,病灶形态呈毛玻璃样变为主,而典型肺炎以单侧为主,病灶形态以片状为主(P<0.05),两组吸收期改变大致相同。[结论]传染性非典型肺炎和典型肺炎X线影像在早期和吸收期区别不大、宜结合临床和实验室检查数据进行诊断,但进展期和高峰期病灶的扩展速度和累及范围以及形态均有明显不同,动态观察肺内病灶变化,对指导临床诊断和治疗有积极意义。     

传染性非典型肺炎的动态X线研究

目的探讨传染性非典型肺炎的动态X线表现特征.方法回顾性分析69例传染性非典型肺炎的X线表现.结果X线改变呈多样性,以肺间质性炎症开始,可进一步累及肺实质;不同X线类型为病变发展的不同阶段;大部分病变经积极治疗后完全吸收;少部分出现一过性进展;少数残留条索、斑点或小片状影.结论传染性非典型肺炎的影像学动态变化过程有一定的特征.     

新生儿胎粪吸入综合征100例临床及X线观察

目的：对新生儿胎粪吸入综合征临床及X线表现进一步分析，提高对本病的认识。方法：总结100例病例，男68例，女32例，均进行胸片检查。结果：X线表现两肺野分布的边缘清楚大小不等的颗粒状影。结论：本病的X线表现有一定的特征性，是本病诊断和复查最简便的检查方法。     

传染性非典型肺炎X线影像演变分析

[目的]分析传染性非典型肺炎(severe acite res[oratpru sumdrp,e.SARS)的肺部X线影像特征和演变规律。[方法]将2003年2月-2003年4月在广州中医药大学第二附属医院收治的85例SARS患者胸部X线检查资料进行回顾性总结，分别统计在疾病的早期、进展期、高峰期和吸收期内肺部X线影保病灶的出现、分布、形态及进展状况。[结果]72．9％的患者在发热3-4d期间出现肺部X线阴影，个别(1例)阴影在发热第8天才出现；病灶的分布在疾病的不同阶段有不同的特点，早期位于下肺所占比例(88．2％)明显多于其他肺叶，进展期和高峰期病灶大多数累及两个以上肺叶，所占比例分别为58．8％和80％，并且病变发展迅速，一旦肺内出现阴影，病灶迅速扩散至一例或双侧大片肺野，病灶呈多叶的患者占了全部病例的80％；病灶形态早期以斑片状分布为主，部分呈网格样，进展期病灶大多数为云雾状和毛玻璃样变，高峰期以毛玻璃样变为主，吸收期以云雾状；斑片为主，少部分残留有纤维条索阴影。[结论]非典型肺炎胸部X线影像的形态和演变过程有其自身的特点和规律性，与临床结合起来，可有助于对SARS的诊断及其预后的判断。     

CT在传染性非典型肺炎诊断中的价值

目的探讨CT在传染性非典型肺炎诊断中的价值.方法回顾性分析19例临床疑诊传染性非典型肺炎的胸部X线平片和CT资料.结果19例中,CT符合传染性非典型肺炎改变的有8例(42.1%),根据CT典型征象作出其他疾病诊断的有11例(57.9%).结论CT的应用,可以缩小诊断范围,在传染性非典型肺炎的鉴别诊断中有很大的价值.     

佛山地区传染性非典型肺炎临床与流行病学分析

目的 了解佛山地区传染性非典型肺炎临床与流行病学特点。方法 对我院收治的16例传染性非典型肺炎患者进行回顾性分析。结果 全部病例均有接触史或传他史。医护人员占43．8％。发热(100％)、咳嗽(93．8％)、气促(93．8％)是最常见症状。48．3%有肺部罗音。白细胞正常或降低者：第1周为100%，第2周为81．2％。肺部X线改变在病程3～9天出现。13例在恢复期行SARS～IgG抗体检测均为阳性。重型病例占43．8％。治疗以综合治疗为主，经验性使用抗生素、抗病毒药物，糖皮质激素对改善中毒症状、阻止病情进展有一定疗效。人工通气7例，其中有创通气6例。16例全部治愈。结论 本病有传染性，重症发生率高，虽无特效药物，但经综合治疗可治愈。     

小儿支原体肺炎的临床和X线诊断（附40例分析）

目的：分析小儿支原体肺炎的临床是X线表现特点，以提高对本病的认识。方法：对40例小儿支原体肺炎的临床及X线资料进行回顾性分析。结果：发现在本组病例中，3－10岁小儿发病较多；临床表现为发热，咳嗽，呼吸困难；血清冷凝集试验及NP抗体大多数患为阳性；X线表现多样化，且X线表现早于临床体征。结论：小儿支原体肺炎的临床及X线表现无特异性，需结合实验室检查作出诊断。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.