牡丹皮化学成分的HPLC-QTOFMS分析

目的 通过高效液相-单重四级杆-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-QTOFMS)联用技术,对中药牡丹皮的主要化学成分进行有效的鉴定。方法 色谱分离采用CAPCELL PAK C₁₈(3.0 mm×100 mm, 3 μm),流动相组成分别为0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为0.5 ml/min;质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正负离子模式扫描。结果 在优化的液质联用条件下,通过单重四级杆-飞行时间质谱鉴定牡丹皮中48个成分。结论 通过HPLC-QTOFMS联用技术,为鉴定牡丹皮中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

半支莲主要化学成分的HPLC-TOF/MS分析

目的通过高效液相-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-TOF/MS)联用技术,对中药半枝莲的主要化学成分进行有效的鉴定。方法色谱分离采用SHISEIDO CAPCELL PAK C18柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,3μm),流动相分别为0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为0.6 ml/min;质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正离子模式扫描。结果在优化的液质联用条件下,通过飞行时间质谱鉴定出半枝莲中15个成分。结论通过HPLC-TOF/MS联用技术,为鉴定半枝莲中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

芎归汤主要化学成分的HPLC-TOF-MS分析

目的通过高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-TOF-MS)联用技术,对中药复方芎归汤中的主要化学成分进行有效鉴定。方法色谱分离采用资生堂CAPCELL PAK C18反相柱(100mm×3.0mm,3μm),流动相组成分别为0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为0.4ml/min;质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正离子模式扫描。结果在优化的液质联用条件下,通过飞行时间质谱鉴定了芎归汤中47种主要成分,并对其药材来源进行了归属。结论通过HPLC-TOF-MS联用技术,为鉴定芎归汤中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

复方金钱草颗粒化学成分的UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析

目的 通过超高效液相-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)联用技术定性分析中成药复方金钱草颗粒中的主要化学成分。方法 色谱分离采用XBridge BEH C₁₈柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm),流动相由0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸乙腈组成,梯度洗脱,流速为0.4 ml/min;质谱定性采用四极杆飞行时间质谱,正离子模式扫描。结果 在优化的液质联用条件下,鉴定出复方金钱草颗粒中47个成分,并通过软件计算区分了其中的同分异构体, 且对其药材来源进行了归属。结论 本研究通过UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS联用技术,为鉴定中成药复方金钱草颗粒中的化学成分建立了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

中药复方二神丸主要化学成分的高效液相-飞行时间质谱分析

目的通过高效液相-飞行时间质谱（HPLC—TOF／MS）联用技术,对中药复方二神丸中的主要化学成分进行有效的鉴定。方法色谱分离采用资生堂Capcell Pak C18反相柱（3．0mm×100nmm,3μm）,流动相组成分别为0．1％甲酸水溶液和乙睛,梯度洗脱,流速为0．6ml／min;质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正离子模式扫描。结果在优化的液质联用条件下,通过飞行时间质谱鉴定出二神丸中21个成分,其中15种成分来自补骨脂,6种成分来自肉豆蔻。结论通过RRLC—TOF／MS联用技术,为鉴定二神丸中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

荷叶化学成分的HPLC-TOF/MS分析

目的通过高效液相-飞行时间质谱（HPLC-TOF／MS）联用技术定性分析荷叶中的主要化学成分。方法色谱分离采用AgilentZorbaxSB-Aq（250mmX4．6mm,5μm）,流动相组成分别为乙腈和1．0％醋酸,梯度洗脱,流速为1．0ml／min,质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正离子模式扫描。结果在优化的液质联用条件下,结合数据库匹配技术和碎片离子分析,鉴定出荷叶中主要的生物碱类和黄酮类成分。结论建立了一种简单、可靠的HPLC-TOF／MS方法对荷叶中主要化学成分进行了鉴定。     

中药复方四逆汤化学成分的RRLC-TOF/MS分析

目的：通过高分离度快速液相-飞行时间质谱（RRLC—TOF／MS）联用技术定性分析中药复方四逆汤中的主要化学成分。方法：色谱分离采用资生堂CAPCELLPAK C18反相柱（50mm×2．0mm,2μm）,流动相组成分别为0．1％甲酸水溶液和乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为0．25mL／min;质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正离子模式扫描。结果：在优化的液质联用条件下,通过飞行时间质谱鉴定出四逆汤中34个成分,并对其药材来源进行了归属。结论：通过RRLC—TOF／MS联用技术,为鉴定四逆汤中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、高效的分析方法。     

太白蓼中酚酸类成分的UPLC/Q-TOF-MS研究

目的建立太白蓼(Polygonum taipaishanense Kung)酚酸类化学成分的超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)的分析方法。方法采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS法分析,Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm);流动相为1mL·L~(-1)冰醋酸(A)-乙腈(B)梯度洗脱;进样量为2μL;流速为0.3mL·min~(-1);柱温为30℃。飞行时间质谱采用负离子模式,扫描范围为100~1 100;Fragmentor 130V;Drying Gas 10L·min~(-1);Nebuilzer 45psi;Gas Temp 350℃;Skimmer 45V。结果鉴定了太白蓼中13个成分,其中4个成分通过对照品比对确认。结论建立了UPLC/Q-TOF-MS方法对太白蓼中化学成分进行了鉴定,为太白蓼的质量控制及标准建立奠定了基础。     

HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS分析盐酸小檗碱的杂质谱

目的 采用高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)联用技术对盐酸小檗碱杂质谱进行结构鉴定。方法 采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),10 mmol·L^-1乙酸铵溶液(冰醋酸调节pH至3.0)-乙腈(75∶25)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL·min^-1,紫外检测波长为345 nm,对小檗碱原料进行杂质分离。再采用HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS测定小檗碱及其杂质一级精确分子量及二级碎片离子,并进行结构解析。结果 小檗碱与其杂质分离良好,植物提取原料中存在7个杂质,化学合成原料中存在5个杂质。结论 液质联用技术能有效地鉴定小檗碱及其杂质结构,为质量控制提供了参考依据。     

液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱联用技术在药物分析中的应用

本文介绍了液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱联用(LC-Q-TOF MS)技术近年来的研究进展,综述了该方法在药物中的有关物质分析、非法添加化学成分的鉴定分析、代谢组学及中药学4个主要方面的应用及其研究进展。     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱.方法 采用Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃,洗脱时间为80 min.采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)对检测出色谱进行...     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

AMELIORIATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE INJURY BY CYCLOSPORINE A

Cyclosporine A, beside its current applications, possesses potential hepatoprotective effects. This study was directed to investigate the effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment on hepatic injury due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and -galactosamine. Rats were injected by two successive doses of Cyclosporine A (5mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹). Six hours after the second dose, 1mlkg⁻¹of CCl₄was administered i.p. Effects associated with Cyclosporine A pretreatment were examined by using isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes that were immobilized and continuously perfused. -Galactosamine (5m ) was added directly to the perfusion medium. After isolation, hepatocytes were examined histologically by light and electron microscopy, immobilized and perfused for further metabolic functional activity evaluation. Cyclosporine A pretreatmentin vivoproduced hepatoameliorative effects of various degrees which were statistically significant as manifested by: (1) an increased trypan blue exclusion after CCl₄; (2) an improved ureagenesis after CCl₄; (3) a reduction in the lipid droplets accumulation in the cytoplasm produced by CCl₄administration; (4) well preserved cytoplasmic organelles as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum ER, nuclear chromatin structures that were altered by CCl₄; and (5) an increased hepatocytes survival in the agarose gel matrix, reduction of LD leakage and improvement of ureagenesis after -galactosamine addition to the perfusion medium. The beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment in modifying hepatotoxicity of chemical insults merits further studies.