拐芹当归提取物抗菌活性的研究

目的 研究拐芹当归种子和根部提取物及不同萃取部位的抗菌活性.方法 采用牛津杯法对拐芹当归种子和根部提取物及不同萃取部位进行抗菌活性研究.结果 拐芹当归根部甲醇提取物、根部乙醇提取物、根部氯仿相提取物对大肠杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌有不同的抑制作用,其中对巨大芽孢杆菌作用明显,对金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌无明显作用.拐芹当归根部正丁醇相提取物、种子甲醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌有明显抑制作用,而对其他两种菌无明显作用.结论 拐芹当归不同提取部位具有不同的抗菌活性.     

乌桕根皮水提物抗菌活性的初步研究

目的探讨乌桕根皮水提物的抗菌活性以及不同温度条件下的提取物抗菌活性差异。方法采集乌桕根皮,在3种不同温度(60,80,100℃)下用水回流提取,提取物浓缩后进行抗菌测试,受试菌:枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和志贺氏杆菌。结果水提物对大肠杆菌和志贺氏杆菌具有抑制作用,对枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌没有活性;不同温度下的提取物对大肠杆菌和志贺氏杆菌的影响较大,提取温度为100℃时,提取物对这两种细菌的抑制作用最强,抑菌圈直径分别为(9.67±1.32)mm和(11.67±1.00)mm。结论乌桕根皮在湖南和广西民间治疗由大肠杆菌引起的腹泻和志贺氏杆菌引起的痢疾确有很好的疗效。     

老翘提取物的抑菌活性研究

目的研究老翘提取物体外抑菌活性,为进一步从连翘中提取高效抑菌物质奠定基础。方法以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为代表菌种,采用K-B纸片扩散法对老翘提取物的体外抑菌活性进行研究。结果老翘的不同提取物对供试菌均有一定的抑菌活性,其中乙酸乙酯部位具有较强的抑菌活性,其次为正丁醇部位。结论老翘不同提取物对3种菌均有抑制作用。     

余甘子叶提取物体外抗菌实验研究

目的用体外细菌培养方法研究余甘子叶提取物是否具有抗菌作用,并确定余甘子叶的抗菌有效部位.方法采用琼脂稀释法测定余甘子叶提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株、金黄色葡萄球菌耐药株、白色念珠菌、伤寒沙门菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌的抑制作用.结果余甘子叶提取物在体外对肺炎克雷伯杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株、金黄色葡萄球菌耐药株、大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门菌、白色念珠菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中cc部位作用最为明显;MIC除D部位小于4.0 mg/ml外,其余部位均大于4.0 mg/ml.结论余甘子叶提取物具有抗菌作用,其有效成分集中在cc部位.     

白木香果皮提取物的抗菌活性

目的:为开发利用白木香果皮资源,对其提取物进行抗菌活性评价。方法:用三氯甲烷对白木香果皮进行提取,提取物分别采用滤纸片法和生长速率法对不同细菌和真菌进行抗菌活性测定,并采用连续稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度。结果:白木香果皮提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌有显著抑制作用,最小的抑菌浓度分别为6.25,625,12.5 g.L-1,对大肠杆菌则没有抑制效果;对绿色木霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉也有明显的抑制作用,最小的抑菌浓度分别为6.25,6.25,12.5 g.L-1。结论:白木香果皮三氯甲烷提取物具有显著的抗菌活性,值得开发利用。     

党参提取物抗菌活性研究

目的:对党参分步提取物的体外抗菌活性进行初步研究。方法:通过测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌圈直径,开展党参的氯仿甲醇提取物、80%乙醇提取物、醇沉液提取物、党参粗多糖提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和沙门氏菌的抗菌活性研究。结果:氯仿甲醇提取物、80%乙醇提取物、醇沉液提取物对四种细菌均测到一定的MIC和抑菌圈直径,党参粗多糖提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌无抑制作用,仅可测到对沙门氏菌的MIC和抑菌圈直径。结论:党参不同的提取物具有明显的抗菌活性差异。     

不同发酵时间对西瓜霜抗菌活性的影响及其有效部位筛选

目的考察不同发酵时间对西瓜霜抗菌活性的影响,并对最佳发酵时间制得的西瓜霜进行有效部位筛选。方法选择常见致病菌(多为口腔、上呼吸道致病菌),采用体外试管法抑菌实验和平板法杀菌实验,对发酵7、15、22、30、50 d的西瓜霜进行抗菌活性比较;以甲醇提取发酵15 d的西瓜霜制得西瓜霜甲醇提取物,进一步以AB-8大孔吸附树脂对西瓜霜甲醇提取物进行分离,得到甲醇提取物的水洗脱部位和95%乙醇洗脱部位,比较西瓜霜甲醇提取物与其水洗脱部位和95%乙醇洗脱部位的抗菌活性,筛选有效部位。结果发酵15 d制备的西瓜霜抗菌活性最强;西瓜霜甲醇提取物的大孔吸附树脂95%乙醇洗脱部位对福氏痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白葡萄球菌、柠檬葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌和大肠杆菌具有明显抗菌作用。结论发酵时间对西瓜霜的抗菌活性具有显著影响,西瓜霜抗菌作用的有效部位为其甲醇提取物的大孔吸附树脂95%乙醇洗脱部位。     

黄芩籽种壳提取物的体外抗菌活性初步研究

目的考察黄芩籽种壳提取物是否具有体外抗菌活性,确定黄芩籽种壳抗菌活性的有效药用部位。方法运用倍比稀释法测定黄芩籽壳提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌标准株、金黄色葡萄球菌临床株、白色葡萄球菌标准株以及大肠杆菌标准株的体外抗菌活性。结果黄芩籽种壳提取物在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌以及大肠埃希氏菌均有不同程度的抗菌作用,其中以黄芩籽种壳正丁醇萃取部位抗菌效果最为显著。结论确定黄芩籽种壳提取物有一定的抗菌活性,主要抗菌活性部位集中在黄芩籽种壳正丁醇萃取部位。     

毛金丝桃提取物的体外抗菌实验

目的探讨新疆毛金丝桃醇提取物在体外抗菌作用。方法采用连续稀释法对毛金丝桃醇提取物进行M IC、MLC实验研究。结果毛金丝桃提取物在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌等有一定的抑制作用。结论毛金丝桃提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌等有一定的抑制作用,是具有开发价值的抗菌中草药。     

维药骆驼刺提取物药理活性研究

目的：对新疆维药骆驼刺植物中的化学成分提取分离并做药理活性研究,以确定维药骆驼刺的药理活性部位。方法：有机溶剂萃取法对植物中化学成分提取分离,通过体外抗氧化能力评价方法及对豚鼠离体肠管收缩作用实验对骆驼刺植物提取物做药理活性筛选研究。结果：体外抗氧化性测试表明骆驼刺提取物均有清除·OH自由基能力,其中乙酸乙酯提取部位效果最为显著,骆驼剌正丁醇提取部位对豚鼠离体肠管收缩运动有显著的抑制作用。结论：骆驼刺提取物具有显著的抗氧化活性,骆驼刺正丁醇提取部位对肠蠕动有显著的抑制作用。     

紫金砂抗菌活性部位的化学成分

目的研究紫金砂抗菌活性部位的化学成分。方法利用反复硅胶柱层析法和重结晶法对其进行分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果从紫金砂抗菌活性部位进一步分离并鉴定了7个化合物,即升麻素(cimifugin,1)、去甲升麻素(norcimifugin,2)、前胡苷V(decuroside V,3)、异紫花前胡苷(marmesinin,4)、pabularinone(5)、白当归素(byakangelicin,6)、蔗糖(sucrose,7)。结论化合物1~4均为首次从本属植物中分离得到,化合物5~6均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

藏药短穗兔耳草有效部位的抑菌活性研究

目的对短穗兔耳草Lagotis brachystachyM axim挥发油及全草分萃取段进行了抑菌活性研究。方法选择金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌为代表菌种,筛选出了对所选细菌的生长具有明显抑制作用的抗菌活性部分。结果短穗兔耳草挥发油、石油醚萃取部分、醋酸乙酯萃取部分、正丁醇萃取部分都具有部分活性。结论短穗兔耳草挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有抑菌活性,石油醚萃取部分对5种细菌都不敏感,醋酸乙酯萃取部分对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠埃希菌有抑菌活性,正丁醇萃取部分对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌有抑菌活性。     

Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of constituents of "Ogwu Odenigbo", a popular Nigerian herbal medicine for typhoid fever

The ethylacetate-insoluble fraction of the methanol extract of "Ogwu Odenigbo" a popular Nigerian traditional herbal medicine for typhoid fever prepared from the stem bark of Cleistropholis patens Benth, (Annonaceae), was separated into 13 semi-characterized constituents by preparatory TLC. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the 13 fractions were quantitatively and/or qualitatively assessed by the agar well diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhinium, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The steroidal fraction was about 20 and 15 times more potent than penicillin and chloramphenicol respectively against B. subtilis, and about twice as active as penicillin G. or chloramphenicol against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The glycoside fractions 4/5, 6, 7 and the alkaloidal fraction 11 showed significant activity comparable to those of the controls against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The saponin fraction 1 was the only fraction active against Salmonella typhinium. Its activity was comparable to that of the controls against this organism.     

Antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol extract of the barks of Xylocarpus moluccensis in castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice

The methanol (MeOH) extract of the barks of Xylocarpus moluccensis, and different fractions of this extract were studied for antidiarrhoeal activity using castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice. At the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, the MeOH extract showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in both models. The EtOAc fraction (EAF) and the residual MeOH fraction (RMF) exhibited similar activity using a dose of 250 mg/kg in both models. No antidiarrhoeal activity was observed with the chloroform fraction (CHF) at the test doses. When tested for antibacterial effect, the MeOH extract displayed moderate inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Shigella dysentery, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes. While the CHF inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the EAF was active against all test organisms except Vibrio cholera and Staphylococcus epidermis. The RMF inhibited the growth of all the test organisms with moderate zone of inhibition. On the basis of these findings, it can be assumed that Xylocarpus moluccensis could be a potential source for novel 'lead' discovery for antidiarrhoeal drug development.     

对藏药甘青青兰4种提取物抑菌作用的研究

目的：研究藏药甘青青兰4种不同提取物对4种临床常见标准菌株的抑菌活性。方法：通过体外抑菌实验,用琼脂扩散法测定甘青青兰4种提取物有无抑菌活性。结果：甘青青兰（炒制）水提取物、生药材水提取物、生药材乙醇提取物在一定浓度（0.15 g/mL,0.2 g/mL）对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌或杀菌作用,甘青青兰（炒制）的乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌无抑菌作用。高浓度甘青青兰（炒制）的水提取物和乙醇提取物对铜绿假单胞菌有抑菌作用,且乙醇提取物的抑菌效果更好。结论：甘青青兰提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌有确切的抑菌作用,对大肠杆菌和粪肠杆菌无抑菌作用。     

Biological activity of barbados cherry (acerola fruits, fruit of Malpighia emarginata DC) extracts and fractions

Fractionation of barbados cherry (acerola fruit, a fruit of Malpighia emarginata DC.) extracts were performed by organic solvent extractions and column chromatographies, using two extraction methods. Higher cytotoxic activity was concentrated in fractions A4 and A6 (acetone extract), and H3 and HE3 (hexane extract). These four fractions showed higher cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines such as human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) and human submandibular gland carcinoma (HSG), when compared with that against normal cells such as human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). HE2 (hexane extract), AE2 (ethyl acetate extract), AE3, AE4, AE5, A8, A9 and A10 showed some relatively higher anti-bacterial activity on the Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 1228 but were ineffective on the representative Gram-negative species E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa. The fractions were inactive against Helicobacter pylori, two representative Candida species, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). H3, H4 and HE3, which displayed higher tumor-specific cytotoxicity also showed higher multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity, than (+/-)-verapamil as positive control. ESR spectroscopy shows that the radical-mediated oxidation is not involved in the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic activity. The tumor specific cytotoxic activity and MDR reversal activity of barbados cherry may suggest its possible application for cancer therapy.     

Investigations into the Folkloric Antimicrobial Activities of Landolphia owrrience

The folkloric antimicrobial activities of Landolphia owrrience were investigated using ether, ethylacetate and n -butanol extracts of the leaves as well as six TLC components (A–F) of the n -butanol extract. The activities of these extracts and TLC components were investigated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using the agar diffusion method. The n -butanol fraction as well as its TLC fractions showed marked antimicrobial activities against the four organisms. The n -butanol extract was active against all the organisms except B. subtilis . The TLC fractions A, D and E showed similar antimicrobial spectra and were active against E. coli, B. subtilis and C. albicans. Fractions B and F possessed similar antimicrobial spectra, showing activity against B. subtilis and C. albicans . Fractions B and F have the greatest fungicidal activity while fraction A has the greatest antibacterial activity based on the MIC results. These activities have been attributed to the presence of steroids, saponins, tannins and saponins probably as glycosides. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of folklore: Mallotus peltatus leaf extract

Since ages Mallotus peltatus (Geist) Muell. Arg. var acuminatus (Euphorbiaceae) leaf and stem bark is used in folk medicine to cure intestinal ailments and skin infections. In several intestinal ailments, localized inflammation is of common occurrence and hence we have evaluated the antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory activity of M. peltatus leaf extract. The crude methanol extract of M. peltatus leaves was found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis and the dermatophytic fungi Microsporum gypseum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges from 128 to 2000 microg ml(-1) for bacteria and 128 mg ml(-1) for fungi, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 2-4-fold higher than MIC. The methanol-water fraction of the extract showed similar activity against Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus and Proteus isolates. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract against carrageenan (acute model) and dextran-induced (subacute model) rat paw oedema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma (chronic model) in rats were studied using indomethacin (10 mg kg(-1)), a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug, as standard. The methanol extract at 200 and 400 mg kg(-1), and the n-butanol fractions A and B at 25 mg kg(-1), exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in Albino rats, compared with indomethacin. Phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and reducing sugars in the crude extract while the n-butanol fractions showed the presence of ursolic acid, beta-sitosterol and some fatty acids as major compounds. Further study with fractions showed that the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity is due to either fraction A (ursolic acid) alone or the combination of fractions A and B (beta-sitosterol and fatty acids) of the extract.     

Anti-bacterial activity of Euphorbia fusiformis--a rare medicinal herb

Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.-Ham. ex. D.Don (Euphorbiaceae) is a rare medicinal herb. Aqueous and organic solvent extracts of the leaves and rootstocks were investigated for anti-bacterial properties by using disc diffusion and well-in agar methods, against pathogenic strains of Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhii A and Salmonella typhii B). The different extracts differed significantly in their anti-bacterial properties with the methanolic extract being very effective followed by acetone and chloroform extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic extract showed very least activity. The result highlights that rootstock extracts had good anti-bacterial properties than leaf extracts. The results of this study support the use of this plant in traditional medicine to treat fever, wound infections and intestinal disorders.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol and water extracts of Cassia alata

Crude ethanol and water extract of leaves and barks from Cassia alata were tested in vitro against fungi, (Aspergillus fumigatus and Microsporum canis), yeast (Candida albicans) and bacteria (Staphylococcus aereus and Escherichia coli). C. albicans showed concentration-dependent susceptibility towards both the ethanol and water extracts from the barks, but resistant towards the extracts of leaves. The degree of susceptibility varied, the water extract from barks showed bigger inhibition zone than the ethanol extracts (12-16 and 10-14 mm, diameter respectively). The growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and Microsporum canis were not affected by all types of the plant extracts. Results were comparable to standard antifungal drug Tioconazole (18 mm diameter) at equivalent concentration. The anti-bacterial activity of C. alata extracts on S. aureus was detected with only the leaves extracts using water and ethanol. The water extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity than the ethanol extract from leaves (inhibition zones of 11-14 and 9-11 mm, respectively). E. coli showed resistance to all types of extracts. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that this plant has antimicrobial activity, which is as potent as standard antimicrobial drugs against certain microorganisms.