径向加速度作用下科里奥利错觉的空中诱发

目的 建立Y轴径向加速度作用下科里奥利错觉的空中模拟方案,为我军飞行员进行错觉训练提供依据。方法在歼教-7飞机上,由同一名飞行教员在前舱带飞,10名男性受试飞行员分别在后舱闭眼并在盘旋时由低头位抬头,在规定的时间点报告感觉到的飞机姿态,记录其语音信号,同时用飞行参数记录系统记录飞机的实际姿态、并与飞机实际姿态比较,判断受试飞行员是否出现错觉。结果 在盘旋时抬头诱发出坡度变化错觉7人次(左坡度增大1人次,左坡度减少6人次),诱发成功的比例为7/10;右盘旋时抬头有8人次诱发出错觉(右坡度增大1人次,右坡度减少7人次),诱发成功的比例为8/10。结论 本训练方案可以在飞行员受到一定Y轴径向加速度作用时诱发出科里奥利错觉,可以应用于该错觉的空中模拟训练。     

两种训练场景下体验黑洞错觉的效果比较

目的比较2种模拟器训练场景下体验黑洞错觉的效果。方法 16名飞行员按进场训练顺序分为完全无参照组和有限参照组, 每组8人, 在空间定向障碍模拟器上进行暗光条件下进场飞行, 体验黑洞错觉。完全无参照组飞行员进入黑暗环境前看不见跑道灯, 有限参照组飞行员对正跑道后再进入黑暗环境飞行。对比分析两组飞行员在着陆过程中的着陆成功率、飞机偏离跑道角度及偏离下滑线角度。结果完全无参照组着陆成功2人, 有限参照组着陆成功6人, 两组着陆成功率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。完全无参照组飞机偏离跑道角度大于有限参照组, 差异有统计学意义(t=4.04, P=0.005)。完全无参照组飞机偏离下滑线角度大于有限参照组, 差异有统计学意义(t=3.64, P=0.008)。结论参照物在黑洞错觉训练中起到关键作用。完全无参照的模拟器训练场景下, 进场飞行使飞行员体验到的黑洞错觉更强, 对飞行操作的影响更大。借助仪表飞行对于克服黑洞错觉至关重要。     

不同仪表视觉对模拟前庭性错觉的行为反应控制作用

目的用模拟前庭本体性错觉的实验方法,观察两种视觉定向方式对错觉引起的错误操纵的行为控制作用,证明训练飞行员养成高水平的“间断、突然、扫视”仪表定向能力的必要性。方法对象为１５名健康男性战斗机飞行员,年龄２１～２５岁,飞行总时间２５０～３００ｈ。在ＧＬ－２０００型高级空间定向障碍模拟器上模拟绕Ｙ轴向的躯体重力错觉和倾侧错觉。设立始终看地平仪和突然看地平仪两种仪表定向方式。记录在发生了错觉时的错误操纵方向和程度。结果１５名飞行员都发生了模拟躯体重力错觉和倾侧错觉。在突然仪表定向方式下受前庭本体错觉影响下发生的操纵错误明显严重于连续仪表定向方式。错误操纵动作度数均值分别为８°－５８°～１４°－５８°,与１°－１１°～０－２１°。结论证明了“间断、突然、扫视”仪表定向方式下易发生、难克服空间定向障碍的推断和进行这种仪表视觉定向能力养成专门训练的必要性。     

通过空中引发飞行错觉进行预防错觉训练的效果观察

目的进一步检验飞行中引发前庭性错觉训练对提高飞行员空间定向认知水平，增强预防、克服飞行错觉能力的确切效果。方法在歼教－５、６、７飞机上按设计的８种飞行动作引发前庭性错觉，对７２名飞行（学）员进行１２３架次带飞训练和效果观察。结果人数错觉引发率１００．０％；动作引发率７７．７％～９３．４％；随着训练次数增加，受训者对飞行错觉识别速度加快，错觉所致各种不良反应减轻或消失，错觉状态下按仪表定向操纵５分率由５４．０％提高到７８．３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论设计的８种飞行动作能有效引发出飞行错觉，用于训练能明显增强空间定向认知水平及预防、克服飞行错觉能力     

严重错觉致恐惧夜航1例

1 临床资料某强-5飞行员,男性,28岁,已婚,飞行时间600 h。2005年6月在一次夜航的第2架次飞行约20 min,飞到退出第2边时,突然出现左侧90°的倾斜错觉。立即根据仪表指示将飞机改平,倾斜错觉消失。当时感到飞机失控,好像有外力对抗驾驶,不能修正飞机状态。本打算跳伞,在尽量克制下按仪表飞到机场上空时,此现象消失,安全着陆。自此以后该飞行员一直恐惧夜间飞行。经两次疗养、两次住院调整,均未能恢复夜航信心,只能照常参加昼间飞行,且无不适。入院后各种检查均无异常,主观暗适应检查正常,仅多导睡眠仪检测提示缺乏3期和4期睡眠。进行心理测试结果提示焦虑性、敏感性和紧张性均增高。初步诊断为错觉后恐惧症。给予生物反馈放松治疗不见效果。后经医院医疗     

歼击机飞行员心血管异常40例动态心电图飞行监测

应用动态心电图对心血管异常的飞行员进行空中监测,期望对冠心病早期诊断及心律失常的医学鉴定提供佐证。选择具有下列一项在队飞行的歼-6、歼-7飞机飞行员:①有非绞痛性胸痛;②心电图ST-T异常;③影响飞行安全的心律失常。共40名,平均年龄33岁。在昼间特技、拦截、编队等课目飞行训练中用动态心电图记录CM_3、CM_5心电图,每人1—3架次,共76架次。结果,27例非绞痛胸痛有26例症状消失。ST水     

某部直升机飞行员飞行错觉调查

目的：调查直升机飞行员飞行错觉的情况。方法：自制《直升机飞行员错觉调查表》,分析和统计51名健康疗养的直升机飞行员的有效问卷调查结果。结果：调查对象自飞行以来共发生各类飞行错觉457人次,飞行错觉发生率为90．2％,人均5．6次;以可认知型(Ⅱ型)错觉最常见。结论：直升机飞行错觉发生率较高,不可认知型(Ⅰ型)．与不可抵御型(Ⅲ型)的飞行错觉也有发生。     

新型载人离心机在军事航空医学中的应用

目的 探讨在新型载人离心机上进行飞行员抗荷耐力选拔与训练、-Gx体验、动态飞行模拟(dynamic flight simulation,DFS)训练以及抗荷装备生理鉴定实验的方法,探索新型载人离心机的应用方法. 方法 ①24名飞行员在六三型载人离心机上进行基础+Gz耐力检查,然后按同样方法,在新型载人离心机上进行了对照检查.②100名飞行员进行了离心机训练,其中的42名飞行员为被动控制训练,58名飞行员为闭环控制训练.③8名飞行员体验-1.5 Gx及-2.0 Gx载荷.④18名飞行员进行DFS飞行体验,特技飞行动作包括左盘旋、右盘旋、半滚倒转、斤斗、半斤斗翻转和桶滚.⑤6名志愿者和9名飞行员在新型载人离心机上,分别进行服装、PBG、服装结合PBG、服装结合PBG及抗荷收紧动作(anti-G straining manoeuvre,AGSM)的抗荷效果试验. 结果 ①在新、老离心机上检查出的+Gz耐力结果平均值分别为(4.25±0.34)G及(4.41±0.14)G(t=3.03,P<0.01),其差异与连续检查所致的疲劳及飞行员对重复检查的主观重视程度有关,排除二者影响,在新离心机上可采用现有抗荷耐力选拔方法.②在进行被动控制训练的飞行员中,25人完成7 G持续10 s,9人完成8 G持续10 s,仅有2人完成9 G持续10 s.在进行闭环控制训练的58名飞行员中,48人完成7 G持续10 s,19人完成8 G持续10 s,23人完成9 G持续10 s.③飞行员在进行-Gx载荷体验时,反映在座舱俯仰、滚转过程中头晕、恶心的感觉比较明显.④飞行员认为DFS体验与实际飞行接近,对提高机动空战能力具有实用价值.⑤抗荷装备的抗荷性能达到了飞机性能的要求.结论 新型载人离心机在高性能战斗机飞行员抗荷耐力选拔训练、-Gx体验、DFS体验及抗荷装备生理鉴定试验等工作中获得广泛应用,形成了相关应用方法,取得了较好的效果,为进一步开展相关工作奠定了基础. Abstract： Objective To investigate the approaches and the application effects of acceleration tolerance screening and training for fighter pilots,-Gx experience,dynamic flight simulation (DFS) experience and physiological evaluation of anti-G equipment on new human centrifuge. Methods ①Twenty-four pilots underwent the relaxed+Gz tolerance examination on a single degree of freedom centrifuge (Model 63) and on new human centrifuge for comparison.②One hundred high performance fighter pilots carried out centrifuge training.Among them,42 pilots were in passive control mode while the other 58 pilots were trained by close-loop mode.③Eight pilots experienced -1.5 Gx and-2.0 Gx on the new centrifuge.④Eighteen pilots performed aerobatic maneuvers,such as left spiral,right spiraI,split S loop,immelmann,and barrel roll in DFS awareness.⑤Six volunteers and 9 pilots served as subjects.The tests of anti-G capability evaluation for suits,suits combined with pressure breathing for G (PBG),and suits combined with PBG and anti-G strainingmaneuver (AGSM) were conducted respectively. Results ①The mean relaxed+Gz tolerance of pilots obtained on the new and old centrifuge was (4.25±0.34) G and (4.41±0.14) G respectively (t=3.03,P<0.01).The difference would be relative to fatigue that caused by continuous running and pilots' endurance to the reduplicate riding.So the current+Gz tolerance screening method was applicable on the new centrifuge regardless of the influence of the above mentioned factors.②In the training under passive control mode,25 of 42 pilots completed the training of 7 G for 10 s,9 pilots for 8 G for 10 s and 2 for 9 G for 10 s.In the close-loop control training,48 pilots passed training of 7 G for 10 s,19 pilots for 8 G for 10 s,and 23 for 9 G for 10 s.③During-Gx experience,the feelings of dizzy and disgust were evident during the roll and pitch movements.④Pilots reported that DFS training was similar to actual flight and possessed great practical value in improving aerial combat ability.⑤The performance of anti-G equipments reached the functional requirement. Conclusions New human centrifuge can be applied in acceleration tolerance screening and training for high performance fighter aircraft pilots,-Gx experience,DFS training,and physiological evaluation for anti-G equipments.Relevant approaches have been established,and the application of new human centrifuge has acquired a satisfactory result.which lays the foundation for further work.     

特技飞行的加速度及飞行员从头向足的加速度耐力的检查

对88架次905个特技动作的加速度参数及心率进行了统计分析。结果表明战术飞行训练中加速度的G值、增长率及作用时间都比一般飞行训练高。飞行员的心率增加次数与G值大小呈显著相关;飞行员主动操纵飞行时的耐力比离心机检查的耐力平均高1.4G;经过抗荷生理训练后,使用抗荷服和L-1对抗动作平均可以提高耐力2.24G,比训练前的耐力平均增加了1.18G。     

夜间飞行错觉1例

1 错觉经过 某轰炸机部队实施夜间简单气象起落航线小灯着陆训练,属新进课目。某新飞行员驾驶轰-5飞机,21∶15起飞,前两个起落顺利实施,第3个起落向右转入第3边后6 s该驾驶员觉飞机带左坡度约30°,身体向右倾斜.很不舒服。查看地平仪,指示飞机处于水平位。遂怀疑地平仪出错,将驾驶杆猛向右压。致使飞机带右坡度急速下滑。尾舱飞行     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.