Increase in CD57 + CD16 - lymphocytes in workers exposed to benzidine and beta-naphthylamine: assessment of natural killer cell subpopulations

Previously, we found a decrease in CD4+CD45RA+T lymphocytes in workers exposed to the aromatic amines (AAs) [benzidine (BZ) and beta naphthylamine (BNA)]. For further investigation of the effects of AAs on lymphocyte subpopulations, we measured natural killer (NK) cell subpopulations using two-color staining with anti-Leu7 (CD57) and anti-Leu11 (CD16) monoclonal antibodies in peripheral blood in 78 male dyestuff workers. The workers had been exposed to AAs before 1972 at a chemical plant, either in the production of AAs (40 workers, high-exposure group) or in other work that involved handling dye-stuffs (38 workers, low-exposure group). The controls were 30 “healthy” male volunteers without a history of occupational exposure to AAs or hazardous chemicals. The number of CD57+CD16-cells in the high-exposure group was significantly higher than that in the controls (P<0.01, analysis of covariance with age as a covariate). No significant differences were found in CD57+CD16-, CD57+CD16+ and CD57-CD16+NK cells between the low-exposure group and the controls. It is suggested that a decrease in the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes following exposure to AAs might be compensated by the increase in CD57+CD16- cells, i.e. circulating peripheral lymphocytes with poor NK cell activity.     

非孕与早孕妇女外周血及宫内膜和蜕膜组织自然杀伤细胞亚群的变化

目的:探讨非孕与早孕妇女的外周血、宫内膜和蜕膜组织之间的自然杀伤(NK)细胞亚群的差异,以及雌、孕激素对外周血、宫内膜和蜕膜组织NK细胞的影响。方法:用流式细胞仪检测非孕和早孕妇女外周血、宫内膜和蜕膜组织NK细胞表面标记CD56和CD16分子,以及用放射免疫沉淀法测定外周血清雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P4)水平,并进行比较分析。结果:早孕外周血组NK细胞的CD56+CD16-、CD56+CD16+和CD56-CD16+3组亚群的百分率均明显高于非孕外周血组(分别为P≤0.013、P<0.001、P≤0.001);非孕宫内膜组的NK细胞以CD56+为主,为20.82%,且其CD56+CD16-的百分率明显高于其外周血组,而CD56-CD16+的百分率明显小于外周血组(P≤0.001),两组的CD56+CD16+的百分率无差异(P>0.05),非孕宫内膜组CD56+CD16-的百分率明显高于CD56+CD16+和CD56-CD16+(均为P<0.001),非孕外周血组的NK细胞以CD16+为主,且其CD56-CD16+的百分率明显高于CD56+CD16-和CD56+CD16+(均为P<0.001)。早孕蜕膜组的NK细胞以CD56+为优势,为62.42%。早孕蜕膜组NK细胞的CD56+CD16-、CD56+CD16+和CD56-CD16+3组亚群的百分率均明显高于非孕宫内膜组(均为P<0.001),而早孕周围血中的NK细胞以CD56+CD16+和CD16+为主,分别为9.93%和10.65%,且与CD56+CD16-比较均有显著性差异(均为P<0.001),早孕外周血组CD16+NK细胞的百分率明显高于蜕膜组(P≤0.001),且两组CD56+CD16+的百分率无差异(P>0.05)。结论:孕激素能明显促进宫内膜CD56+NK细胞的增殖和分化,雌、孕激素水平的协同升高可增加外周血和宫内膜组织的CD56+、CD56+CD16+、和CD16+NK细胞亚群的百分率;CD56+CD16+NK细胞在早孕外周血和蜕膜组织之间,以及在非孕外周血和宫内膜组织之间均可能起免疫调控作用。     

足月妊娠分娩发动前后孕妇蜕膜中NK细胞及CD4~+CD25~+T细胞的变化

目的:检测足月妊娠分娩发动前后孕妇蜕膜中NK细胞及CD4+CD25+T细胞的变化情况,探讨它们与分娩发动的关系。方法:对40例健康足月孕妇按临产情况分为足月未临产组和足月临产组,收集孕妇蜕膜组织,密度梯度离心法分离出淋巴细胞,流式细胞术(FCM)检测两组中NK细胞、CD4+CD25+T细胞含量。结果:足月临产组的蜕膜NK细胞占蜕膜淋巴细胞的(36.3±6.5)%,足月未临产组蜕膜NK细胞占蜕膜淋巴细胞的(33.9±3.0)%,差异无统计学意义;足月临产组的蜕膜NK细胞表面CDl6的表达明显高于足月未临产组,两者分别为(8.9±1.1)%与(4.6±0.9)%(P<0.05);足月临产组的蜕膜CD4+CD25+T细胞含量明显小于足月未临产组CD4+CD25+T细胞的含量,两者分别为(4.5±0.7)%与(9.1±1.0)%(P<0.05)。结论:足月妊娠分娩发动前、后蜕膜中的NK细胞及CD4+CD25+T细胞发生变化,推测NK细胞与CD4+CD25+T细胞可能参与了分娩发动。     

Effects of occupational metallic mercury vapour exposure on suppressor-inducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T lymphocytes and CD57+CD16+ natural killer cells

Objectives: To examine the effects of metallic mercury vapour on the cellular and humoral immune system. Methods: We measured T lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell subpopulations, B lymphocytes, and serum immunoglobulins (i.e. IgG, IgA and IgM) together with total T (CD3+) lymphocytes and total lymphocytes in blood samples from 20 male, fluorescent-lamp makers (mercury workers) and the same number of gender-, age- and smoking-matched controls. Urinary concentrations of inorganic mercury (UHg) in the 20 workers ranged from 1.8 to 163.5 (mean 44.8) μg/l. They had been exposed to mercury vapour for 4 to 62 (mean 31) months. Results: Numbers of CD4+CD45RA+ (suppressor-inducer) T lymphocytes and total CD4+ T lymphocytes in the mercury workers were significantly smaller than those in the controls (paired-sample t-test, P < 0.01). The number of CD57+CD16+ NK cells was inversely correlated with UHg. Conclusion: It is suggested that numbers of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes and CD57+CD16+ NK cells are inversely affected by exposure to metallic mercury vapour in workers, with an average urinary inorganic mercury concentration of 45 μg/l being found. Received: 7 September 1999 / Accepted: 6 May 2000     

Immunological effects of CaEDTA injection: Observations in two lead workers

To evaluate the effects of calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (CaEDTA) injection on human immune system in relation to exposure to lead, we administered CaEDTA by intravenous injection for 1 hr three times (three consecutive days) a week to two male lead workers. They had been engaged in recycling lead for 31 and 22 years, aged 61 and 53 years (workers 1 and 2), respectively. Before the treatment of CaEDTA, their blood lead concentrations (PbB) were 81 and 68 μg/dl, respectively. The administration of CaEDTA had been carried out to worker 1 for 10 weeks and to worker 2 for 6 weeks. A significant decrease in PbB between before and after three-times CaEDTA injection was found in both workers. Significant increases in IgG, IgA, IgM, CD8+, and CD57+ cells were found in worker 1. A significant increase in IgD was found in worker 2. During the study period, IgG in worker 1 and CD4+ cells in worker 2 were gradually increasing. There was a significant negative correlation between IgG and PbB in worker 1. It is suggested that the immunological function such as antibody formation in lead workers might be improved by CaEDTA injection. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:674–680, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Relationship between blood lead levels and renal function in lead battery workers

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between blood lead (PbB) levels and renal function indices of blood-urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SC) and uric acid (UA) among lead battery workers with exposure to lead. METHODS: A total of 229 workers of both genders from two lead battery factories were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The personal airborne and blood samples were collected on the same day. The airborne lead (PbA) and PbB levels, and individual renal function parameters were measured and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A positive correlation between PbB levels and individual renal function index of BUN, SC, and UA was found ( P<0.01). The PbB levels and renal function indices showed significant difference between male and female workers. Based on a multiple regression model, an increment of 10 micro g/dl PbB produced an increase of 0.62 mg/dl BUN, after being adjusted for work duration and age, and an increase of 0.085 mg/dl UA, after being adjusted for gender and body weight. Workers with PbB 60 microg/dl showed a positive dose-effect relationship with significant difference in BUN ( P<0.001) and UA ( P<0.05), and the percentage of workers with BUN and UA over the reference value also showed an increasing trend. CONCLUSION: Blood-urea nitrogen and uric acid could be considered as suitable prognostic indicators of renal dysfunction in lead-exposed workers. Our results showed that PbB levels higher than 60 micro g/dl had increasing chances of inducing adverse renal effects.     

Decreases in CD8+ T, naive (CD4+CD45RA+) T, and B (CD19+) lymphocytes by exposure to manganese fume

To examine the effects of exposure to manganese (Mn) on the cellular and humoral immune system in men, T lymphocyte subpopulations, B (CD19+) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and serum immunoglobulins (i.e., IgG, IgA and IgM) together with total T (CD3+) lymphocytes and total lymphocytes were measured in blood samples from 21 welders mainly exposed to Mn fume with blood Mn (BMn) concentrations of 0.6-2.3 (mean 1.4) microg/dl and 21 healthy controls working in the same factory (BMn concentrations: 0.7 to 1.7, mean 1.1 microg/dl). The workers engaged in welding for 6 to 36 (mean 17) yr. All the study subjects were divided into 3 equally sized groups (n=14 for each group) according to BMn concentrations. Numbers of CD8+ T, total T (CD3+), B (CD19+), and total lymphocytes were significantly lower in high-BMn group than those in low-BMn group; the numbers of CD8+ T lymphocytes were significantly lower in moderate-BMn group compared to low-BMn group. After adjusting for age and smoking, significant inverse correlations between BMn concentrations and CD4+CD45RA+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD3+ T, and total lymphocytes were found. We conclude that T lymphocytes, especially CD8+ and CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes, as well as CD19+ B lymphocytes are affected by exposure to Mn fume.     

Zinc protoporphyrin IX concentrations between normal adults and the lead-exposed workers measured by HPLC, spectrofluorometer, and hematofluorometer

To establish the relationship between Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations and blood lead (PbB) levels and to identify reliable analytical methods of ZPP and Protoporhyrin (PP), blood samples were obtained from 263 office workers without the history of occupational lead exposure and 49 lead-acid battery workers. The mean concentrations of PbB for the normal adults and the battery workers were 9.26 microg/dl and 42.60 microg/dl, respectively. The geometric mean concentrations of ZPP and PP by HPLC were 18.73 microg/dl and 2.27 microg/dl for normal adults and were 46.99 microg/dl and 5.53 microg/dl for the exposed workers, respectively. The geometric mean concentrations of ZPP and PP by a spectrofluorometer (SF) were 30.27 microg/dl and 5.16 microg/dl for normal adults and were 50.91 microg/dl and 6.69 +/- 1.39 microg/dl for the exposed workers. The geometric mean ZPP concentration measured by a hematofluorometer (HF) was 30.88 microg/dl for normal adults. The results showed that ZPP concentrations measured by HF were consistently higher than those by HPLC and SF for normal adults, and lower for the exposed workers. ZPP concentrations were not correlated with PbB levels for normal adults but a statistically significant correlation was found among the exposed workers.     

Association of low job control with a decrease in memory (CD4+ CD45RO+) T lymphocytes in Japanese middle-aged male workers in an electric power plant

To clarify the relationship between perceived job stress and lymphocyte subpopulations, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 231 male electric power plant workers (aged 40 to 60, mean 46 years). Job stress, i.e., job control, job demands, and social support at work, was assessed by means of the Japanese version of the Job Content Questionnaire. Blood samples were taken from all the workers, and numbers of CD4+ T lymphocyte subpopulations, total CD4+ T, T (CD3+) lymphocytes, CD16CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells, total lymphocytes, and white blood cells were determined. After controlling for age, number of cigarettes smoked per day, alcohol drinking, frequency of regular exercise, job demands, and social support at work by the partial correlation coefficients, numbers of memory (CD4+ CD45RO+) T, total CD4+ T, and total T (CD3+) lymphocytes were positively correlated with job control (p<0.05). Neither job demands nor social support at work showed significant correlations with lymphocyte subpopulations. It is suggested that lower job control is associated with a decrease in the number of CD4+ CD45RO+ T lymphocytes in male middle-aged workers.     

Cross-sectional analysis of blood lead level of entire Korean lead workers

We analyzed blood lead (PbB) level from the 2003 health surveillance results of 13,043 lead workers from 1,217 total lead industries to evaluate lead intoxication at low level in Korea. Geometric mean of PbB was 6.08 microg/dl and 56.6% and 7.9% of total lead workers had PbB level over than 5 microg/dl and 25 microg/dl, respectively. Male showed relatively higher PbB level compared to women, but "Manufacture of Other Electronic Valves, Tubes and Electronic Components n.e.c." had more women than male in risk of low level lead exposure. While conventional high-risk industry such as "Manufacture of Accumulators" and "Other Basic Non-ferrous Metal Industries" were remained in high-risk group in lead exposure, there were high risks in other industries such as plastic, chemical and part manufacturing. Non-production tasks such as fork lift truck driving, maintenance, lab testing, and supporting function showed high blood lead level in addition to routine manufacturing processes such as smelting and soldering.     

Air Lead Exposures and Blood Lead Levels within a Large Automobile Manufacturing Workforce, 1980–1985

Recent (1980–1985) trends in air lead (PbA) exposures and blood lead (PbB) levels experienced by approximately 10 000 workers employed in various stages of the automobile manufacturing process (i.e., auto assembly, lead-acid battery manufacture, foundry work, and “other” manufacturing-related operations) are described. Between 1980–1985, the mean PbB levels of assembly, battery, foundry, and “other” workers decreased by 28, 24, 3, and 27%, respectively, to 16.6, 23.6, 15.9, and 11.8 μg Pb/dl. Workers in the following job categories experienced the highest annual mean PbB levels: paste machine operators (battery plants), solder-grinders (assembly plants), and crane operators (foundries). During the same period, median 8-h Time Weighted Average PbA exposures (μg Pb/m³) in assembly plants, battery plants, and foundries decreased by 10, 12, and 20%, respectively, to 8.1, 13.6, and 10.9 μg/m³.     

Evaluation of lead exposure in workers at a lead-acid battery factory in Korea: with focus on activity of erythrocyte pyrimidine 5''-nucleotidase (P5N).

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate lead exposure among lead-acid battery workers in Korea, to evaluate in more detail the erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N) test for lead exposure, and to evaluate the abnormal accumulation of erythrocyte pyrimidine nucleotides in the battery workers. METHODS--Activity of P5N and other biological variables were examined in 66 exposed workers in a lead-acid battery factory and in 26 non-exposed workers in Korea. RESULTS--At the factory the time-weighted average of 13 (72%) of 18 air samples for lead exceeded 0.05 (range 0.012-0.468) mg/m3. Blood lead concentration (PbB) in 39 of the 66 exposed workers was above 40 micrograms/dl, and the mean (SD) PbB in the exposed group was 45.7 (15.7) micrograms/dl. Compared with the nonexposed group, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin in the exposed group was significantly increased, whereas erythrocyte P5N activity and activity of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) were significantly inhibited. Erythrocyte P5N activity had valid correlation biologically with PbB and with other biological variables, such as ALAD activity. In 28 exposed workers, the concentration of erythrocyte pyrimidine nucleotides (uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose and cytidine 5'-triphosphate) correlated inversely with P5N activity and positively with PbB. CONCLUSIONS--These findings show that the depression of erythrocyte P5N activity by lead exposure results in the accumulation of erythrocyte pyrimidine nucleotides. In general, the standard analysis of PbB performed in laboratories around the world remains the most useful index of recent exposure. The results indicate that the erythrocyte P5N activity test provides supporting evidence of lead exposure and shows the effect of lead on nucleotide metabolism.     

Relationship between blood lead level and urinary ALA level in workers exposed to very low levels of lead

The relationship between blood lead (PbB) level and urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALAU) level was examined in a total of 3,636 lead-exposed workers in a periodic medical examination in 1992, in accordance with the Ordinance on Prevention of Lead Poisoning. The results were consistent with previously reported results in that ALAU level was found to increase with an increase in PbB level above 22.4 micrograms/dl (1.35 as a logarithmic value) and to rise markedly above 35.5 micrograms/dl (1.55). On the contrary, the geometric means of ALAU levels appeared to decrease with an increase in PbB levels within a range between a logarithmic value of 0.15 (1.4 micrograms/dl) and 1.25 (17.8 micrograms/dl). Because the earliest sign of the adverse health effects of lead is reported to occur at a PbB level of of 20 micrograms/dl, the relationship between PbB level and ALAU level was examined at PbB levels below 20 micrograms/dl. A regression formula was obtained, Y (log ALAU (mg/l)) = -0.0570X (log PbB (microgram/dl) + 0.4099. This result indicates that ALAU level decreases with a concomitant increase in PbB level lower than 20 micrograms/dl.     

Occupational lead exposure of storage battery workers in Korea.

Two hundred and thirty-four lead workers employed in a storage battery factory in Korea were examined for lead in blood (PbB) and urine (PbU). delta-aminolaevulinic acid in urine (ALAU), coproporphyrin in urine (CPU), and haemoglobin. The dose-response relationship between PbB and ALAU suggested that a PbB below 50-60 micrograms/dl is a proper practical limit of biological monitoring for lead workers. The inter-relationship between PbB and ALAU or PbU was better explained by a segmental straight function than by a curvilinear function. Inclusion of data from workers whose PbB was below 30-40 micrograms/dl, if they comprise a relatively large proportion of the whole, seems to have a role as a dummy effect on the overall regression function causing the curvilinear trend. At a given blood lead concentration, the ALAU of lead workers increased with an increase in the duration of exposure. This could be explained by the chronic effect of lead on haem precursors. Semi-quantitative measurement of CPU still played an important part in the screening of lead workers due to its simplicity, showing high sensitivity (97.8%) in detecting lead workers with PbB of 60 micrograms/dl or over.     

三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎患者及健康接触工人外周血淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的 研究二氯乙烯(TCE)对接触工人淋巴细胞亚群的影响,寻找TCE药疹样皮炎早期的免疫学效应标志物.方法 选取TCE药疹样皮炎患者28例(病例组),来自发生病例车间的健康ICE作业工人56名(接触组)和未从事过TCE作业的健康工人28名(非接触对照组)作为研究对象.所有研究对象采集静脉血2 ml,EDTA抗凝处理,应用流式细胞技术检测淋巴细胞各亚群的百分比,结合血常规检测结果计算T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、B细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞绝对数及CD3+ CD4 +/CD3+ CD8+比值,比较各组之间外周血淋巴细胞业群的变化情况.结果 病例组外周血淋巴细胞总数、T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞绝对数(中位数依次为2810.00、1846.17、831.87、904.05个/μl全血)均明显高于接触组(中位数依次为2101.00、1218.59、643.87、482.81个/μl全血,Z值分别为-3.19、-4.96、-3.22、-4.99,P值均＜0.001)和非接触对照组(中位数依次为1900.00、1223.60、558.60、325.80个/μl全血,Z值分别为- 3.30、-4.46、-3.45、-5.03,P值均＜0.001);病例组CD3+ CI4+/CD3+ CD8+比值和NK细胞绝对数(中位数分别为1.11、255.50个/μl全血)明显低于非接触对照组(中位数分别为1.96、642.60个/μl全血,Z值分别为-3.11、-3.56,P值均＜0.01);接触组CD8+T细胞数(中位数为482.81个/μl全血)明显高于非接触对照组(中立数为325.80个/μl全血,Z=-2.63,P值＜0.01);接触组CD3+ CD4+/CD3+ CD8+比值和NK细胞数(中位数分别为1.27、318.76个/μl全血)均明显低于非接触对照组(中位数分别为1.96、642.60个/μl全血,Z值分别为-2.29、-3.52,P值均＜0.05).结论 TCE接触可导致作业工人外周血淋巴细胞亚群发生变化;总淋巴细胞、T细胞和CD4+T细胞计数升高可作为TCE药疹样皮炎早期的免疫学效应标志物.     

Determinants of Blood Lead Levels across the Menopausal Transition

In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the impact of menopause on lead remobilization from bone-lead stores. The study was conducted between 1993 and 1995 in Mexico City and included 903 women (mean age = 46.8 y [standard deviation = 8.2 y]). Participants provided information about reproductive variables and known risk factors for high PbB levels. PbB levels were determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The authors used linear-regression models to describe the relationship between PbB levels and variables of interest. PbB levels ranged from 1.0 μg/dl to 43.8 μg/dl (mean = 11.0 μg/dl). Menopausal women at baseline had the highest PbB levels; the mean difference between pre- and postmenopausal women was 0.76 μg/dl (95% confidence interval = 0.024, 1.48). We observed an inverted U-shaped relationship between PbB level and age. The highest PbB levels were observed in women aged 47-50 y. Other important predictors of PbB levels were use of lead-glazed ceramics, number of pregnancies, history of cigarette smoking, and height. Our results support the hypothesis that bone lead may be mobilized during menopause and may constitute an important source of exposure.     

Hunting with lead: Association between blood lead levels and wild game consumption

Background

Wild game hunting is a popular activity in many regions of the United States. Recently, the presence of lead fragments in wild game meat, presumably from the bullets or shot used for hunting, has raised concerns about health risks from meat consumption.

Objective

This study examined the association between blood lead levels (PbB) and wild game consumption.

Methods

We recruited 742 participants, aged 2-92 years, from six North Dakota cities. Blood lead samples were collected from 736 persons. Information on socio-demographic background, housing, lead exposure source, and types of wild game consumption (i.e., venison, other game such as moose, birds) was also collected. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to determine the association between PbB and wild game consumption.

Results

Most participants reported consuming wild game (80.8%) obtained from hunting (98.8%). The geometric mean PbB were 1.27 and 0.84 μg/dl among persons who did and did not consume wild game, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, persons who consumed wild game had 0.30 μg/dl (95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.44 μg/dl) higher PbB than persons who did not. For all game types, recent (<1 month) wild game consumption was associated with higher PbB. PbB was also higher among those who consumed a larger serving size (≥2 oz vs. <2 oz); however, this association was significant for ‘other game’ consumption only.

Conclusions

Participants who consumed wild game had higher PbB than those who did not consume wild game. Careful review of butchering practices and monitoring of meat-packing processes may decrease lead exposure from wild game consumption.     

Lead exposure among small-scale battery recyclers, automobile radiator mechanics, and their children in Manila, the Philippines

Blood lead (PbB) and hemoglobin levels (Hb) were determined in 40 battery repair/recycling shop workers, 16 radiator repair shop workers, and 20 children living in the immediate vicinity of these shops. Unexposed residents with similar socioeconomic status were also investigated. Mean PbB level was significantly higher for battery workers (54.23 microg/dL) when compared to radiator workers (20.04 microg/dL) and unexposed adults (12.56 microg/dL) (P<0.001). Among battery workers, 94% had PbB levels above the WHO permissible exposure limit of 40 microg/dL for males and 30 microg/dL for females. There was no demarcation between workplace and living quarters; therefore, workers' families were similarly exposed to hazards. Children living in the immediate vicinity of battery shops also had significantly higher mean PbB levels (49.88 microg/dL) compared to radiator shop children (11.84 microg/dL) and unexposed children (9.92 microg/dL). For workers with PbB > 40 microg/dL, 90% were anemic (Hb < 13 g/dL for males and <11.5 g/dL for females). Linear regression showed a correlation (r=-0.214; P=0.03) between Hb level and log(10)PbB. There was no significant relationship between anemia and blood lead in children (r=-0.146). We conclude that radiator repair activities appeared to increase the body burden of lead, although not up to a level significantly different from unexposed counterparts. Battery recycling/repair activities, however, significantly increased blood lead levels in workers and their children.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者血清白细胞介素11水平、淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞变化的临床意义

目的 检测特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者血清白细胞介素11(IL-11)水平、淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化,探讨相关因素在ITP发病中的作用.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)、流式细胞术分别检测50例ITP(ITP组)和30例健康体检者(对照组)血清IL-11水平、淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化.结果 ITP组的血小板计数[(30.21±19.40)×109/L]明显低于对照组[(207.21±31.55)×109/L](P＜0.05),ITP组患者血清IL-11水平[(255.72±163.43)ng/L]明显高于对照组[(40.60±5.57)ng/L](P＜0.05),相关分析表明ITP患者血清IL-11水平与血小板计数呈负相关(r=-0.557,P＜0.05);ITP组患者CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞百分比及CD4+/CD8+明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),CD8+T淋巴细胞百分比明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);CD3-CD(16+56)+NK细胞百分比明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 IL-11水平、淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞变化与ITP的发病密切相关,且IL-11水平与血小板计数可能存在负反馈调节作用.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the serum level of interleukin (IL)-1 1, lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and explore the related factors in the pathogenesis of ITP. Methods The serum level of IL-11, lymphocyte subsets and NK cells were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry in 50 ITP patients (ITP group) and 30 controls (control group). Results The platelet in ITP group [ (30.21 ± 19.40) ×109/L] was lower than that in control group [ (207.21 ± 31.55 ) × 109/L] obviously (P ＜ 0.05 ); the serum level of IL-11 in ITP group [(255.72 ± 163.43) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in control group [ (40.60 ± 5.57 ) ng/L ] (P ＜ 0.05 ). The correlation analysis indicated that the blood serum levels of IL- 11 had negative relationship with the platelet (r = -0.557 ,P ＜ 0.05). The percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte percentage, CD4+/CD8+ in ITP group were lower and the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocyte was higher than those in control group obviously (P ＜ 0.05 ). The percentage of CD3- CD(16+56) +NK cell in ITP group was lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion IL-11, lymphocyte subgroup and NK cell change correlate with ITP morbidity closely, and the IL-11 level and the platelet possibly have the negative feedback control action.     

褪黑素对鞘内泵入吗啡致免疫功能抑制大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的本实验采用ALZET泵建立鞘内持续泵入吗啡所致的免疫功能抑制大鼠模型,腹腔注射褪黑素观察其对鞘内泵入吗啡大鼠免疫功能的影响。方法 32只SD大鼠随机分为4组：生理盐水组（NS组,n=8）、吗啡组（M组,10μg/h,n=8）,吗啡组＋褪黑素组（M＋MLT组,n=8）,吗啡组＋生理盐水组（M＋NS组,n=8）。用microspinal导管根据改良Yaksh法进行鞘内置管,连接ALZET泵,持续泵入吗啡、生理盐水,MLT组连续7 d腹腔注射褪黑素,每次时间点为7：00-9：00 am,5 mg/kg。M＋NS组连续7 d腹腔注射生理盐水。7 d后原代分离脾脏单个核细胞进行培养,采用3H-TDR（甲基3H胸腺嘧啶核苷）掺入法检测脾T淋巴细胞对刀豆蛋白（ConA）刺激诱导的增殖水平;乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放法检测脾NK细胞活性;流式细胞仪检测脾T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋、CD4＋/CD8＋）和NK细胞（CD161＋）表型变化。结果与NS组相比较,泵入吗啡7 d后M组T淋巴细胞增殖水平、NK细胞活性降低（P〈0.05）,M组CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋细胞数量及百分率降低,CD4＋/CD8＋降低,CD161＋降低（P〈0.05）;同M＋NS组比较,M＋MLT组T淋巴细胞增殖水平、NK细胞活性升高（P〈0.05）,M＋MLT组CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋数量及百分率升高,CD4＋/CD8＋升高,CD161＋升高（P〈0.05）。结论鞘内泵入吗啡（10μg/h）可明显抑制大鼠细胞免疫功能;褪黑素可改善鞘内泵入吗啡所致的免疫功能抑制大鼠细胞免疫功能。