应用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣（附4例报告）

应用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣、同种肺动脉瓣原拉重建右室流出道（Ross手术）治疗4例主动脉瓣病变患者,成功3例。1例主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形术后存在轻度主动脉瓣返流。超声心动图均提示主动脉根部及同种瓣良好。1例术中误伤自体肺动脉瓣,改机械瓣置换。认为用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣效果满意,术中预防自体肺动脉瓣损伤和主动脉瓣返流是手术成功的关键,同种肺动脉瓣原位重建右室流出道可为常规选择的管道。     

活性带瓣主动脉补片重建成人重症法乐氏四联症右室流出道临床研究

重症法乐氏四联症(TOF)根治手术的关键是流出道的疏通、重建。目前，右室流出道(RVOT)重建多采用自体心包片跨肺动脉瓣环补片扩大右室流出道，因为肺动脉瓣环剪开及加宽后破坏了肺动脉瓣关闭的严密性，造成其关闭不全，致肺动脉瓣返流，加重了右室负荷，所以术后易发生心功能不全，难管理，病死率高。我们选择2000年1月至2003年6月收治的20例成人重症TOF患者应用活性同种带瓣主动脉片重建右室流出道，并与常规方法的20例进行对比研究，显示了满意效果。现报道如下。     

自体心包片加宽治疗低龄儿右室流出道重度狭窄206例

目的 观察自体心包片加宽治疗低龄儿右室流出道重度狭窄的疗效.方法 10个月～3岁右室流出道重度狭窄患儿206例,于体外循环下行手术治疗,按Naito标准切除肥大肌束、疏通并加宽右室流出道,用跨环带瓣或不带瓣自体心包片加宽右室流出道及主肺动脉.结果 本组术后死亡5例,其余恢复良好.随访6个月～6 a,再狭窄手术治疗8例,其余无明显狭窄.结论 对于低龄儿右室流出道重度狭窄,采用自体心包补片加宽治疗,疗效良好.     

带瓣牛颈静脉补片在右室流出道重建中的临床应用

目的 总结带瓣牛颈静脉补片在右室流出道重建中的临床经验和术后早期效果.方法 2006年6月至2008年12月,16例患者应用带瓣牛颈静脉补片进行右室流出道重建.与同期手术行右室流出道重建使用自体心包组术后早期进行对比.结果 全组无死亡,术后3个月超声检查右室流出道通畅,4例有轻度反流.结论 带瓣牛颈静脉作为右室流出道重建的替代材料,具有易于获取、型号齐全、早期临床效果好的特点,但中远期效果仍待随访观察.     

人体同种主动脉瓣临床应用一附7例报告

本文报告７例液氮（－１９６°Ｃ）保存的人体主动脉瓣分别应用于主动脉瓣替换５例（其中１例合并瓣环扩大）、肺动脉瓣替换及法乐四联症右室流出道成形各１例．术后随访５月～６年，临床效果满意．对同种瓣的特点、同种瓣替换的手术适应证及术后遗留杂音和返流进行了讨论．     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术远期疗效观察(附26例报告)

采用经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术（ＰＢＰＶ）治疗２６例单纯性先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄（ＩＣＰＳ）。术前跨瓣压差６．６±１．６ｋＰａ（４９．５±１２ｍｍＨｇ）,术后即刻跨瓣压差２．９±０．７ｋＰａ（２２±５．３ｍｍＨｇ）。随诊３个月至７年（平均４．３年）,远期跨瓣压差小于术后即刻跨瓣压差。术后３．５年出现１例轻度再狭窄,占３．８％。４例合并轻度肺动脉瓣返流,对心功能无影响。６个月后,跨瓣压差轨迹趋于稳定。远期效果佳。     

戊二醛处理的自体心包补片在法乐四联症矫治术中作流出道加…

我院自１９８３年４月至１９９１年４月在４５例法乐四联症矫治术中，应用戊二醛处理的自体心包补片作流出道加宽缝合的方法。其中单纯行流出道加宽缝合１０例，流出道并切开肺动脉瓣环加宽缝合１９例，跨瓣环肺总动脉加宽缝合１６例。经１－８年随访，所有病例发育正常，无后遗症。本文并对自体心包补片的制作，优点作了介绍与讨论。     

戊二醛处理的自体心包补片在法乐四联症矫治术中作流出道加宽的应用

我院自１９８３年４月至１９９１年４月在４５例法乐四联症矫治术中，应用戊二醛处理的自体心包补片作流出道加宽缝合的方法。其中单纯行流出道加宽缝合１０例，流出道并切开肺动脉瓣环加宽缝合１９例，跨瓣环肺总动脉加宽缝合１６例。经１～８年随访，所有病例发育正常，无后遗症。本文并对自体心包补片的制作，优点作了介绍与讨论。     

超声心动图评价同种主动脉重建法乐氏四联症右室流出道的近期疗效

我院自１９８７年１０月至１９９２年１２月间，以超声心动图方法评价３８例法乐氏四联症患者用同种动脉带单瓣跨环补片重建右室流出道的近期疗效。３８例中１６例曾接受彩色多普勒超声心动图检查。结果表明，术后右室流出道和肺动脉疏通彻底，肺动脉瓣反流的发生率为３７．５％（６／１６）。右心阻力负荷减轻，左心容量负荷增加，有助于心功能的恢复。     

同种主动脉跨环补片用于法鲁四联症根治术

本文报告６例法鲁四联症（ＴＯＦ）采用同种主动脉瓣（ＨＡＶ）保留二尖瓣前叶法行根治术，ＨＡＶ采用液氮保存，全组均为男性，年龄２．５－８岁，均有肺动脉发育不全。跨环补片采用ＨＡＶ主动脉壁加宽肺动脉，二尖瓣前叶加宽右室流出道；６例全部存活，无并发症；术后超声心动图（ＵＣＧ）示右室流出道疏通满意，无肺动脉瓣返流。     

法乐氏四联症根治术右室流出道的处理——改良自体心包单瓣的应用与随访

采用一种改良自体心包单瓣,临床用于解除法乐氏四联症、三联症及重度右室流出道狭窄,重建右室流出道,肺动脉反流小,远期效果好。     

The Pericardial Membrane Pulmonary Monocusp: Surgical Technique and Early Results

Abstract Long-term pulmonary insufficiency resulting from simple transannular patching of the right ventricle outflow tract will ultimately lead to deterioration in right ventricular function. Previously, monocusps constructed from xenografts, homografts, fascia lata, and autologous pulmonary artery wall have been utilized to minimize pulmonary regurgitation and its deleterious effect on right ventricular function. However, these tend to degenerate in the long term, necessitating reoperation. To circumvent this problem we have used a monocusp constructed from 0·1−mm polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE, pericardial membrane) clinically demonstrated to be resistant to issue ingrowth and degeneration. Seven children (5 tetralogy of Fallot, 2 pulmonary stenosis) who required division of a small pulmonary an-nulus underwent monocusp construction with 0.1-mm PTFE. Three patients had previous corrective surgery. One of these patients had a bovine pericardial monocusp placed 8 years previously, which degenerated. Of the remaining two patients, one had a pulmonary valvo-tomy as a neonate, the other repair of tetralogy of Fallot with a transannular patch. At a mean (± standard deviation) follow up to 17 ± 5·8 months all patients are alive and are New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class I. Echocardiography demonstrates mild pulmonary insufficiency (PI) in 2 patients, mild to moderate PI in 4, and moderate to severe PI in 1. The presence of a pericardial membrane monocusp in the pulmonary position may, in the long term, prevent the deleterious effects of transannular patching on right ventricular dysfunction and be more resistant to degenerative changes characteristic of monocusps constructed of native pericardium or allogeneic tissue.     

法乐氏四联症根治术右室流出道重建标准的进一步探讨

本文采用同种血管片为材料,通过对法乐氏四联症患者22例的临床应用观察,对法乐氏四联症根治术右室流出道重建进行了进一步探讨。结果表明:同种带固有单瓣血管片重建右室流出道后,肺动脉反流明显减小,右室—肺动脉收缩压差低,血液动力学效果满意,术后恢复顺利。     

Pulse duplicator study of the right ventricular outflow tract: changes induced by surgery

Thirty-one adult pig hearts were studied in a pulse duplicator to observe the changes induced by right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Six were normal hearts, 7 had a transannular outflow patch and 18 a composite monocusp patch inserted. Abnormal movements and distortion of the posterior pulmonary leaflets were observed when a patch had been inserted. The monocusp patch achieved a competent pulmonary valve although the bovine pericardial cusp had slower movements than the normal leaflet, resulting in a mild regurgitation.     

A new technique of transannular monocusp patch-repair of the right ventricular outflow tract in repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

Reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is a key procedure in repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The procedure creates pulmonary insufficiency (PI) that may compromise the right ventricular (RV) function, particularly during late follow-up. A simple way to reduce PI is to create a monocusp patch from xenografts, homografts, fascia lata, and autologous pulmonary artery or pericardium. Each of those has limitations. The autologous pericardial valve sewn on another pericardial patch is one of the earliest monocusp patches used clinically but loses anti-PI effect soon after the operation presumably due to degeneration or absorption of the monocusp. I have therefore designed and used a new technique (folded monocusp patch) to create a monocusp for TOF repair in children and adults. The technique has been used in nine patients of the 18 TOF patients who needed transannular patch-repair in total 74 TOF repairs. The monocusp patch-repaired patients had minimal or mild PI and good RV function beyond 8-12 months. The long-term results await follow-up and further study in multi-institutions.     

Reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis with a monocusp patch

In order to reduce postoperative pulmonary insufficiency (PI) a transannular monocusp patch was implanted in 14 patients with severe tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic pulmonary valve ring (group A). The results of left and right heart catheterization, obtained within one year of the correction, were compared to those of 9 patients, who received a simple transannular pericardial patch (group B). The mean maximal systolic pressure ratio between the right and left ventricle (A = 0.43 +/- 0.03; B = 0.49 +/- 0.04), the mean maximal systolic pressure gradient between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (A = 10.38 +/- 0.52 mmHg; B = 12.2 +/- 2.5 mmHg), and the degree of PI (A = 24.7 +/- 3.4%; B = 22.0 +/- 3.0% of total stroke volume) were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) for the 2 groups. Although optimally implanted, the available monocusp patches cannot prevent or reduce postoperative pulmonary insufficiency in patients with severe tetralogy of Fallot. This experience suggests the need for a simple transannular pericardial patch if the pulmonary valve ring requires enlargement.     

Annuloplasty of cryopreserved pulmonary homograft with Delrin stent in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect

A six-year-old child was suffering from pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect after a total correction at 1 year of age using a bovine pericardial monocusp valve in the reconstruction of the right ventricle outflow tract. The infant evolved with significant pulmonary valve regurgitation (PVR) and right ventricle dysfunction. On reoperation, a cryopreserved pulmonary homograft (CPH) was implanted with annuloplasty utilizing a Delrin ring with the aim of avoiding geometric distortion of the vessel. After two years, an echocardiogram proved a similar state to the immediate postoperative period with slight pulmonary valve regurgitation and normal right ventricular function suggesting that this maneuver may be used as coadjuvant treatment to optimize the result of CPH implantation.     

Reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract with bovine pericardial monocusp patch

From November 1980 to May 1982, 19 patients underwent surgery in this institution for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Surgery was performed by placing a bovine pericardial monocusp patch across the pulmonary annulus. There was one hospital death (5.3%), and one late death. The follow-up ranged from 24 to 42 months (mean 32.5 +/- 5.3 months; total, 552 patient months). The condition of the remaining 17 patients is good. Repeat cardiac catheterization was performed in 11 patients and revealed that the right ventricular/pulmonary artery systolic gradient was reduced to 13.7 +/- 9.7 mm Hg postoperatively. Angiography showed a freely mobile, thin valve cusp. No calcification, aneurysmal dilatation, or shrinkage of the monocusp patch was observed. Our experience suggests that right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with bovine pericardial monocusp patches can be safely performed with good hemodynamic results.     

Value of Naito's criteria in the surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot

Naito suggested criteria for the optimal reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in total correction of tetralogy of Fallot based on the minimum acceptable diameter of the pulmonary artery. The value of these criteria was assessed in 78 operated patients by haemodynamic measurements at surgery and 6 months after operation. Using these criteria, a ratio of right ventricular/left ventricular systolic pressure less than 0.60 was obtained with the creation of pulmonary regurgitation which was usually moderate. Long-term assessment of these results is required.     

An experimental study on transannular patching of the right ventricular outflow tract with and without a pulmonary valve monocusp mechanism

The efficacy of a pericardial patch in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with a monocusp valve mechanism was investigated experimentally. Hemodynamic performance of the right ventricle and angiographic competence of the valve were compared in animals after patching of the RVOT and removal of the pulmonary valve (group I), patching of the RVOT, removal of the pulmonary valve and implantation of a monocusp valve (group II), patching of the RVOT, partial removal of the pulmonary valve and implantation of a monocusp valve (group III) and a control group (IV). Postoperative effective right ventricular cardiac index, stroke volume and stroke work improved significantly from group I to III, but did not reach the control values of group IV. Angiographically the monocusp valve allowed some early diastolic regurgitation due to late closure (group II) if it was not supported by remnants of the animal's own pulmonary valve (group III).