X线平片与CT扫描对胸部外伤的诊断价值

目的分析胸部外伤的X线与CT表现类型并评价其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析60例临床胸部外伤患者的X线平片及CT表现。结果 60例中,皮下气肿见于38例,骨折55例,胸膜伤38例,肺损伤48例,创伤湿肺22例,肺不张9例,纵隔伤15例。伴发其他部位的损伤包括颅脑损伤42例,椎体及附件骨折20例,腹腔积血32例。结论 X线平片及CT扫描在胸部外伤中具有重要的诊断价值,X线平片可作为常规检查及随访的最主要影像技术,而CT对探测或判定胸外伤具有更高的敏感性和特异性,应作为重要补充。     

小儿纵隔肿块的X线与CT诊断

目的：分析17例小儿纵隔肿瘤的X线与CT检查结果，重点讨论胸部平片与CT检查的价值。材料和方法：17例患儿的年龄为11个月～14岁，全部做了胸部X线平片及CT扫描检查，并均经临床检查／手术病理证实。结果：X线胸部平片对纵隔肿瘤的检出率为14／17，其中定性诊断的符合率为57．1％；CT检查的检出率为17／17，定性诊断符合率达82．4％。结论：胸部X线平片作为初步筛选的常规检查是必要的，能够显示大多数纵隔肿瘤的形态、大小和位置，但对显示隐藏于纵隔内的较小肿瘤以及肿瘤的内部结构受到一定的限制。而CT检查对显示病灶细节及肿瘤周围结构更具优势。因此，X线平片发现纵隔肿块需进一步做CT检查，以尽可能地做出定性诊断，对具有临床表现、B超或胸部检查可疑的患者，也应作CT扫描，以提高检出率，防止漏诊。     

多层螺旋CT与X线平片检查头胸复合伤患者中的应用对比分析

目的探讨多层螺旋CT与X线平片检查在头胸复合伤的临床价值。方法对收治的116例头胸复合伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨多层螺旋CT、X线平片在头胸复合伤中的临床应用价值。结果 CT扫描相对于X线平片可以有效提高意识障碍患者的液气胸、肺挫伤、创伤性湿肺、肺部感染等胸部损伤,差异具有显著统计学意义。CT扫描相对于X线平片可以有效提高意识清醒患者的液气胸、肺挫伤、创伤性湿肺、肺部感染等胸部损伤,差异具有显著统计学意义。结论多层螺旋CT在头胸复合伤患者中对液气胸、肺挫伤、创伤性湿肺及肺部感染等的检查结果方面均优于X线平片,尤其适合意识障碍患者的检查,具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

西宁地区儿童创伤性湿肺的X线及CT影像分析

目的：探讨西宁地区儿童创伤性湿肺的X线及CT诊断特征及价值。方法：对32例年龄在（1～13）岁儿童胸部创伤从X线及CT征象发病机理病理基础上进行对照分析比较。结果：发现肺部渗出性病变25例,肺血肿3例,气胸2例,皮下气肿1例,肺部渗出病变伴肋骨骨折1例。结论：在西宁地区儿童胸部创伤中,X线平片是首选的检查方法,其简便快捷,便于复查。CT表现具有一定的特征性改变,能早期发现轻度肺实质改变及细微变化,两者影像检查技术结合能为临床早期诊断和治疗提供依据。     

64层螺旋CT在肋骨和肋软骨骨折诊断中的应用

<正>胸部创伤中骨性胸廓的损伤非常常见,而检查方法以普通正斜位胸片为主。但是肋骨由于其特殊的解剖结构和位置,受普通X线投照条件和角度的影响较大,且肋软骨在X线平片上不显影,因此普通X线平片在胸部创伤诊断中的应用受到很大限制。本文采用64层螺旋CT对胸部创伤患者行CT扫描,旨在探讨64层螺旋CT及其图像后处理技术对肋骨和肋软骨骨折的诊断价值。     

122例胸部创伤的X线平片与CT检查的对比分析

我院自1999年5月—2003年9月，因胸部创伤采用X线平片和CT检查共122例。为提供这两种影像检查手段在胸部创伤中的诊断准确性和临床应用价值的认识，探索二者的优缺点和互补点，本文进行对比分析。     

螺旋CT对胸部闭合性损伤的诊断价值

对160例胸部闭合性损伤患者的胸部X线片和CT图片资料进行比较分析。认为CT检查在胸部闭合性损伤检查中较X线片具有更高的临床应用价值。     

胸部创伤影像学诊断（附84例报告）

目的：探讨胸部平片及CT表现在胸部创伤中的诊断价值。方法：84例胸部创伤均行胸部平片及CT检查，8例胸部重度损伤行床旁片检查。结果：84例均有不同程度的胸廓损伤，16例气胸，23例血胸，19例血气胸，56例肺挫裂伤，14例肺撕裂伤，3例气管及支气管损伤。结论：常规胸部平片特别是近来CR及DR摄片系统应用是胸部创伤的首选方法，同时胸部平片复查病情变化以及危重病人床旁片创片是一种有效的方法，CT扫描尤其是螺旋CT扫描，对肺栓裂伤的早期诊断，气管及支气管损伤以及胸部重度损伤病人是一种更好的方法。为外科手术的成功提供更可靠的诊断依据。     

胸部创伤的X线-CT诊断(附69例分析)

目的探讨闭合性及开放性胸部创伤的ＣＴ表现及诊断价值。材料与方法笔者对６９例胸部创伤患者进行临床、Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ扫描诊断，对Ｘ线平片与ＣＴ片进行了对比分析。结果ＣＴ表现为肺挫伤５１例，肺撕裂伤１２例，Ｘ线平片分别漏、误诊２１例和７例。结论ＣＴ能明确创伤病变的部位、性质、程度，敏感性和特异性高，为临床诊断及处理提供较单纯Ｘ线平片更多的信息及可靠的依据，为胸部创伤最重要的检查方法之一。     

146例胸部创伤的X线平片与CT检查的对比分析

目的探讨X线平片在胸部创伤中的地位。方法对我院1995～1998年因胸部创伤采用X线平片和CT检查的146例进行对照分析。结果肋骨骨折104例,X线平片发现99例、CT发现101例、共同发现96例占92.31%;肺挫伤73例,X线平片发现46例、CT发现71例,液气胸57例,X线平片发现47例、CT发现56例。结论X线平片仍应是胸外伤首诊的主要检查方法,简便、快捷、经济、准确。     

Lung parenchymal injury and its frequency in blunt thoracic trauma: the diagnostic value of chest radiography and thoracic CT

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine the value of chest radiography in diagnosing lung parenchymal injury in patients with thoracic trauma, and to evaluate the frequency of lung parenchymal injury by using thoracic computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and June 2006, we retrospectively evaluated the anteroposterior chest radiographs and thoracic CTs of 60 patients that presented to our emergency department and were hospitalized due to multi-organ trauma. RESULTS: Chest radiography revealed parenchymal injury in 32 of the patients, while thoracic CT confirmed parenchymal injury in only 27 of these 32 patients. Chest radiographs did not reveal any parenchymal injury in 28 of the patients, whereas thoracic CT detected parenchymal injury in 12 of these 28 patients. Thoracic CT results were accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of patients with chest trauma and showed that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest radiography in determining parenchymal injury were 69%, 76%, 84%, and 57%, respectively. In addition, thoracic CT revealed that 65% of the patients with blunt thoracic trauma suffered parenchymal injury. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of anteroposterior chest radiography in identifying lung parenchymal injury was low, with a high false negative rate; therefore, we think that early evaluation with thoracic CT is extremely helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with thoracic trauma, adding to the cooperative work that exists between radiologists and emergency physicians.     

Role of CT in excluding major arterial injury after blunt thoracic trauma

The role of CT in the diagnosis of major vascular rupture following blunt decelerating chest trauma is controversial. Its value in excluding major arterial injury has not yet been determined. During a 12-month period we obtained dynamic enhanced thoracic CT studies in 20 patients with blunt decelerating thoracic trauma who had abnormal or equivocal mediastinal contours on chest radiographs. In all cases diagnosis was confirmed by either digital subtraction (18 patients) or conventional thoracic angiography (two patients). CT scans showed evidence of direct aortic injury in three patients and evidence of mediastinal hematoma in five others. Four of these eight patients had major arterial injury verified angiographically and at surgery. In two patients the CT scan was considered equivocal; both patients had normal thoracic angiograms. CT excluded direct vascular injury or mediastinal hematoma in 10 patients. All 10 had normal thoracic angiograms. This preliminary study suggests that, in patients sustaining blunt decelerating thoracic trauma, thoracic CT may be more valuable than chest radiography in excluding major vascular injury and, in some cases, may reduce the need for thoracic angiography.     

急性脊柱创伤的影像学分析

目的 :探讨各种影像检查对急性脊柱创伤的诊断价值及限度。方法 :回顾性分析 2 5 2例急性脊柱创伤病例 ,均在伤后 48h内行X线平片、CT及MRI检查。结果 :共检出椎体骨折 2 78例 ,X线平片、CT及MRI检出率相同 ,三者对附件骨折的检出率分别为 9.1%、2 3 .4%、14 .3 %,差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。 15 2例MRI直接显示脊髓损伤。结论 :在急性脊柱创伤的影像诊断中 ,X线平片可作初检手段 ,CT对骨折检出率最高 ,MRI对脊髓损伤诊断最佳 ,三者结合可提高诊断水平。     

脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学诊断

目的:探讨脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现及鉴别诊断.方法:回顾性分析21例经病理证实的脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线、CT和MRI表现.结果:21例中发生在颈椎5例,胸椎10例,腰椎6例;X线检查示17例(17/21)椎体呈楔形改变或椎体变扁,3例呈囊状破坏,4例显示软组织肿块,3例椎间隙变窄.7例患者行CT检查,CT主要表现为椎体不规则破坏和椎旁软组织肿块.8例行MRI检查,显示椎体破坏、信号异常和椎旁软组织肿块,3例软组织肿块在冠状面和矢状面呈套袖状,相邻椎间盘信号无明显改变.结论:脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,X线平片是其诊断基础,同时结合CT尤其是MRI检查,能够提高诊断和鉴别诊断能力,但该疾病的正确诊断有赖于临床、病理和影像表现相结合.     

CT与X线平片对巨大肺大泡诊断的对比评价

目的探讨巨大肺大泡胸部X线平片和CT的诊断价值及与局限性气胸的鉴别诊断。方法对6例经手术证实的巨大肺大泡进行回顾性分析,患者行X线胸片和胸部CT扫描。结果病灶体积占整个胸腔30%～80%,4例病灶位于左侧胸腔,2例病灶位于右侧胸腔。其中有3例胸部X线平片误诊为局限性气胸。胸部CT能显示巨大肺大泡的内部结构、肺大泡壁及正常肺组织的受压情况。结论巨大肺大泡易于误诊,胸部CT检查对正确诊断巨大肺大泡具有重要的意义。     

不典型脊椎结核的MRI诊断

目的：探讨MRI对不典型脊椎结核的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的脊椎结核患者的影像资料。结果：21例脊椎结核患者,术前行X线检查21例,CT检查19例,MRI检查21例;14例X线平片及10例CT检查阴性;7例X片示单椎体破坏区位于椎体后缘,呈溶骨性破坏、压缩骨折;9例CT显示相邻椎体病变,椎间盘变窄、椎体无明显破坏;无多个椎体跳跃破坏,椎小关节受累、椎旁软组织肿块内未见明确脓肿形成;MRI检查21例中,20例显示病变椎体呈长T1长T2信号,抑脂序列呈不均匀高信号,16例显示椎间隙变窄,间盘裂隙状强化,17例显示椎旁脓肿,以上20例确诊为椎体结核。1例MRI显示椎旁软组织肿块内无脓肿形成,疑诊为肿瘤。结论：MRI对不典型脊椎结核诊断敏感度、特异度及准确性均高于其他影像检查,能为临床提供更有价值的信息。     

成软骨细胞瘤的影像学表现及诊断价值

目的 探讨成软骨细胞瘤的影像学特征及诊断价值。资料与方法 分析经病理证实的成软骨细胞瘤15例的临床及影像学表现，所有病例均作X线平片检查，9例同时行CT扫描。结果 肱骨5例，股骨6例，胫骨、锁骨、髂骨和腰椎各1例；病灶呈圆形或椭圆形骨质破坏，部分呈膨胀、偏心性生长，管状骨病变多起源于骨骺，可累及干骺端；病灶内常有钙化，周围见硬化带，骨皮质破裂，软组织肿块，少数有骨膜反应。X线平片正确诊断8例，未定性3例，误诊4例，诊断准确率53．3％；CT正确诊断6例，误诊3例，诊断准确率66，7％。结论 多数成软骨细胞瘤有典型的影像特征，影像学检查对其具有重要诊断价值；X线平片仍是基本检查方法，CT可提供更多诊断与鉴别诊断的依据。     

Acute tracheobronchial injuries: Impact of imaging on diagnosis and management implications

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of chest radiography, single-slice CT and 16-row MDCT in the direct evidence of tracheobronchial injuries. METHODS: Patients with acute tracheobronchial injury were identified from the registry of our level 1 trauma center during a 5-year period ending July 2005. Findings at chest radiograph and CT were compared to those shown at bronchoscopy. RESULTS: Eighteen patients with tracheobronchial injury - three patients with cervical trachea injury, eight with thoracic trachea injury and seven with bronchial injury - were identified. Twelve patients had a blunt trauma (67%), six patients had a penetrating (iatrogenic) injury (33%). Chest radiograph directly identified the site of tracheal injury in four cases, showing overdistension of the endotracheal cuff in three cases and displacement of the endotracheal tube in one case. At the level of the bronchi, chest radiograph demonstrated only one injury. CT directly identified the site of tracheal injury in all the cases showing the overdistension of the endotracheal cuff at the level of the thoracic trachea (three cases), posterior herniation of the endotracheal cuff at the thoracic trachea (three cases), lateral endotracheal cuff herniation at the thoracic trachea (one case), tracheal wall discontinuity at the cervical (one case) and at the thoracic trachea (one case) and displacement of endotracheal tube at the cervical trachea (two cases). At the level of the bronchi, CT correctly showed the site of injury in six case including: discontinuity of the left main bronchial wall (two cases), the "fallen lung" sign (one case), right main bronchial wall enlargement (one case), discontinuity of the right middle bronchial wall (two cases). In one case, CT showed just direct "air leak" at the level of the carina suggesting main bronchus injury. This finding was confirmed by bronchoscopy. CONCLUSION: Chest radiograph was helpful for the assessment of iatrogenic tracheal injuries. CT detected the site of blunt tracheobronchial injuries in 94% of the cases. Multiplanar 16-row MDCT reconstructions, were essential for the optimal surgical approach.     

Mandibular osteoradionecrosis: a comparison of computed tomography with panoramic radiography.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the value of computed tomography (CT) with panoramic radiography in the diagnosis and presurgical evaluation of mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN). METHODS: Retrospective study comparing the diagnostic information from CT and panoramic radiography of 33 patients with clinical symptoms of ORN. In six patients the imaging was compared macroscopically with the resected mandible. RESULTS: Both panoramic radiography and CT revealed ORN in 31 cases. In 22 the anterior-posterior extent of the lesions could be estimated with equal reliability. In six patients the lesion appeared larger on CT and in three on panoramic radiography. Mono- or bicortical destruction, central necrosis and sequestration were better visualized by CT. Comparison between the imaging findings and the surgical resection showed that CT depicted the topography of the specimen more accurately. CONCLUSIONS: CT is superior to panoramic radiography in visualizing the features of mandibular ORN and the anterior-posterior extent of the lesion.