二（2—甲基—3—羟基—4—吡喃酮）合氧钒（IV）的合成

以硫酸氧钒和2—甲基—3—羟基—4-吡喃酮为原料，经给合而成二(2—甲基—3—羟基-4—吡喃酮（IV)合氧钒，总收率为80．13％。     

黄牛木中的异戊烯基口山酮类化合物

目的 研究黄牛木茎60%乙醇提取物的化学成分。方法 运用多种色谱学方法对黄牛木茎60%乙醇提取物的化学成分进行分离,并根据光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从该植物中分离得到5个口山酮类化合物,分别鉴定为1,7-二羟基-2-(3-甲基丁-2-烯基)-5″-羟基-6″-甲基-6″-(4-甲基戊-3-烯基)-4″,5″-二氢吡喃(2″,3″：3,4)双苯吡酮(Ⅰ)、5,9-二羟基-8-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-7-(3-甲基丁-2-烯基)-2H,6H-吡喃-［3,2-b］-双苯吡-6-酮(Ⅱ)、黄牛木口山酮A(Ⅲ)、4-(3′,7′-二甲基辛-2′,6′-二烯基)-1,3,5-三羟基-9H-双苯吡-9-酮(Ⅳ)和黄牛木酮A(Ⅴ)。结论 化合物Ⅰ为新化合物,命名为越南黄牛木口山酮E(cracochinchinone E)。化合物Ⅱ和Ⅳ为首次从黄牛木属植物中分离得到。     

一株凤丹皮内生真菌Fusarium acutatum的次生代谢产物研究

目的 研究来源于凤丹皮中分离得到的一株内生菌Fusarium acutatum的次生代谢产物。方法 应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、开放ODS结合半制备高效液相色谱分离技术进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定结构。结果 从固体发酵产物中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为neosartorin（1）,cyclonerodiol（2）,enniatin H（3）,(3R,6R)-4-甲基-6-(1-甲基乙基)-3-苯甲基全氢-1,4-噁嗪-2,5-二酮（4）,赤霉菌吡喃酮D（5）,赤霉菌吡喃酮F（6）,麦角甾醇（7）,过氧化麦角甾（8）,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇（9）,（7E,9E)-6,11-dioxononadeca-7,9-dienoic acid（10）,5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛（11）,α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→1′)-3′-氨基-3′-去氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（12）,α-D-alloypyranose（13）,豆甾醇（14）,β-谷甾醇（15）。结论 化合物1～15为首次从该内生菌中分离得到。     

24-亚甲基-胆甾-3β,5α,6β-三醇的合成

目的 高效合成海洋天然产物24-亚甲基-胆甾烷-3β,5α,6β-三醇.方法 以猪去氧胆酸为原料,△5-3β-四氢吡喃氧基胆甾-24-酮为关键中间体,格氏试剂异丙基化为关键步骤,经7步反应合成目标分子.结果 以53%的总收率合成目标分子,其结构为MS、1HNMR、13CNMR、IR所证实.结论 以本法合成24-亚甲基-胆甾烷-3β,5α,6β-三醇,原料廉价易得、路线简短、收率高、符合原子经济性.     

兴安白头翁根茎的化学成分研究

目的 研究毛莨科兴安白头翁Pulsatilla dahurica根茎的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、高效液相制备色谱对兴安白头翁化学成分进行分离,通过理化性质和波谱方法鉴定其结构.结果 从兴安白头翁根茎中分离得到11个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅰ)、3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅱ)、ciwujianoside C3(Ⅲ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅳ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅴ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅵ)、6,7-二甲氧基香豆素(Ⅶ)、5,6,7-三甲氧基香豆素(Ⅷ)、4,7-二甲氧基-5-甲基香豆素(Ⅸ)、5,7-二甲氧基-6-羟基香豆素(Ⅹ)、(4S,5R)-4-羟基-5-羟甲基-呋喃-2-酮(Ⅺ).结论 以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

二(4-羟基-5,6-二氢-6-烷基(芳基)-2H-吡喃-2-酮-3-)烃的合成

采用 5,6 二氢 6 烷基 (芳基 ) 2H 吡喃 2 ,4二酮和醛进行缩合反应 ,合成了二 (4 羟基 5,6 二氢 6 烷基 (芳基 ) 2H 吡喃 2 酮 3 )烃。其结构经HNMR和元素分析证实。考虑到这是一个新的反应 ,对反应条件 (反应温度、反应时间 )进行了探讨。生物活性初步测定表明 ,该类化合物具有一定的杀菌和抗烟草花叶病毒的活性。     

（庶虫）虫的化学成分研究

目的：从（庶虫）虫中分离出新的化合物并对其进行抑制多囊肾病活性指标 PKD1／TRPP2活性的评价。方法利用正相与反相硅胶柱色谱法及半制备液相色谱法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行化合物的结构鉴定。结果从虫的70％丙酮提取物的乙酸乙酯部分共分离鉴定了8个化合物,经波谱分析分别鉴定为：1H-吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓1．5（2H）-六氢-二酮-3-对苯基酚（1）,5-甲基尿嘧啶（胸腺嘧啶）（2）,2-甲基-6-（2’3’4’-三羟基丁基）吡嗪（3）,3-羟基吡啶（4）,（3S,8aS）-3-丁基环己烷吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,4-二酮（5）,3-乙基-6,8-二羟基-7-甲基-3,4-二氢异苯并吡喃-1-酮（6）,3-（4-羟基苯基）-N-甲基丙酰胺（7）,6,8-二羟基-3,7-二甲基 l-3,4-二氢-1H-异苯并吡喃-1-酮（8）。结论化合物1为新化合物,化合物2～8为首次从该生物中分离得到。对化合物1～8进行了抑制 PKD1／TRPP2活性的评价,结果化合物1具有活性。     

(±)-β-没药烯的新合成法

异戊二烯与丙烯腈在无水三氯化铝催化下,经Diels-Alder反应生成1-甲基-4-氰基-环己烯(Ⅱ),(Ⅱ)与1-碘-4-甲基-3-戊烯制得的格氏试剂,发生Grignard反应生成2-甲基-6-酮基-6-(4′-甲基-3′-环己烯基-2-己烯)(Ⅳ),(Ⅳ)再与溴化三苯基甲基鏻发生Wittig反应生成(±)-β-没药烯(Ⅰ)。     

药用真菌竹黄化学成分的研究

目的 研究药用真菌竹黄Shiraia bambusicola的化学成分。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱及高效制备液相色谱等分离纯化手段，并通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、MS等波谱学技术进行结构鉴定。结果 共分离得到9个化合物，分别鉴定为3，6，8-三羟基-1-甲基口山酮(1)、3，8-二羟基-6-甲氧基-1-甲基口山酮(2)、2，3，6，8-四羟基-1-甲基口山酮(3)、3，4，6，8-四羟基-1-甲基口山酮(4)、Δ5，10-3β，17α，20β-孕甾三醇(5)、macrosphelide A(6)、(+)-griseofulvin(7)、griseophenone A(8)和抗肿瘤活性成分11，11′-dideoxyverticillin A(9)。结论 化合物1～9均为首次从该真菌中分离得到。     

虫的化学成分研究

目的从虫中分离出新的化合物并对其进行抑制多囊肾病活性指标PKD1/TRPP2活性的评价。方法利用正相与反相硅胶柱色谱法及半制备液相色谱法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行化合物的结构鉴定。结果从虫的70%丙酮提取物的乙酸乙酯部分共分离鉴定了8个化合物,经波谱分析分别鉴定为:1H-吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓1.5(2H)-六氢-二酮-3-对苯基酚(1),5-甲基尿嘧啶(胸腺嘧啶)(2),2-甲基-6-(2’3’4’-三羟基丁基)吡嗪(3),3-羟基吡啶(4),(3S,8a S)-3-丁基环己烷吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,4-二酮(5),3-乙基-6,8-二羟基-7-甲基-3,4-二氢异苯并吡喃-1-酮(6),3-(4-羟基苯基)-N-甲基丙酰胺(7),6,8-二羟基-3,7-二甲基l-3,4-二氢-1H-异苯并吡喃-1-酮(8)。结论化合物1为新化合物,化合物2~8为首次从该生物中分离得到。对化合物1~8进行了抑制PKD1/TRPP2活性的评价,结果化合物1具有活性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.