代价?遗恨?希望?

每一个女性都十分重视自己的乳房美。远在古埃及,妇女就以裸露丰满的乳房来炫耀自己的魅力;古希腊时代,妇女们用毛织的窄带束紧前胸下部,使乳房更加突出;现代社会,人们设计出各种乳罩来美化乳房造型,甚至时装对于乳房的形态也直接或间接地尽力予以表现。但是,不是所有的妇女都能通过佩     

代价?遗恨?希望?

每一个女性都十分重视自己的乳房美。远在古埃及,妇女就以裸露丰满的乳房来炫耀自己的魅力;古希腊时代,妇女们用毛织的窄带束紧前胸下部,使乳房更加突出;现代社会,人们设计出各种乳罩来美化乳房造型,甚至时装对于乳房的形态也直接或间接地尽力予以表现。但是,不是所有的妇女都能通过佩戴乳罩或改变服装式样来达到乳房美的目的。乳房发育不良的女性就经常为自己平坦的前胸苦恼,甚至羞于去公共浴池或游泳池。 隆乳术则能通过在乳房里面充填内容物     

13. ?sterreichischer ?rztekongre?

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

胃病? 心病? 生活方式病?

<正>有一个16岁的初中生不想吃饭,没胃口,勉强吃点就吐。看着孩子日益消瘦,妈妈很心疼,去了好多医院,做了好多检查,也没发现有什么异常。经人提醒可能是有心理原因,去了心理科,经医生诊断属神经性厌食症,的确跟心理有直接关系。很多人感到胃不舒服,不想吃饭,往往习惯求助于药物而忽视心理的调整,不仅走了弯路,更加重了身心的痛苦。其实,我们的肠胃不会说话,却能感觉到心里的秘密。没有胃     

美容?毁容?

中国医疗美容兴起的近10年中,平均每年因美容而毁容的投诉近2万起,至今已有20多万张脸被毁。     

裸聊:游戏?发泄?心理变态?

网络像一个大世界,而QQ、UC、E 话通、网易泡泡等等即时通讯工具软件的相继问世,十分方便和快捷地让每个网客因此乘上了光速飞机,使得人际间的交流超越传统,且畅通无阻、瞬息传递。然而,随着各种即     

Die M?glichkeiten der L?rmd?mmung an Expre?stra?en

Zusammenfassung Die unaufhaltsame Zunahme der Motorfahrzeuge bringt ein stetiges Ansteigen des Verkehrsl?rms in St?dten mit sich. Die geplanten Expre?stra?en werden einen Teil des Verkehrs übernehmen. Die verantwortlichen Kreise müssen sich der Tatsache bewu?t werden, da? dadurch L?rmst?rungen in bisher ruhigen Wohngebieten hervorgerufen werden. Der vorliegende Bericht zeigt einige M?glichkeiten der L?rmd?mmung. Es stellt sich heraus, da? dicht gewachsener Wald erst über 100 m einen wirksamen Schallschutz für die tiefen T?ne des Verkehrsl?rms darstellt. Eine bedeutend bessere Schalld?mmung wird durch Gel?ndehindernisse erzielt.

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Résumé Par l'accroissement continu des voitures motorisées, le bruit du traffic dans les villes augmente de plus en plus. Une partie du traffic passera par les routes express projetées. Les autorités responsablesnedoivent pas oublier que pour cette raison il y aura plus de bruit dans des zones de résidence qui auparavant étaient tranquilles. Or, nous montrons dans notre publication quelques possibilités pour diminuer le bruit. Toutefois on a vu qu'une forêt constituait une protection contre les sons graves du bruit du traffic seulement à partir de 100m de profondeur. Une diminution de bruit beaucoup plus efficace peut être atteinte par des obstacles terrestres.

     

Qualit?tsentwicklung in Prim?rpr?vention und Gesundheitsf?rderung

Background

Quality development (QD) is an increasingly important issue in the German health system, not only regarding clinical care and rehabilitation, but also in the field of prevention and health promotion. A growing number of providers are required to have a QD system in place as a prerequisite for funding and certification. The implementation of QD is intended to engage health organizations in a continual process of assessing and improving their services. Several approaches for QD have been developed in recent years specifically for the field of prevention and health promotion, including large-scale demonstration projects funded by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). However, very little empirical data are available on the dissemination and implementation of QD in prevention and health promotion in Germany and its intended effects.

Materials and method

To address this gap in knowledge, an exploratory study was conducted of the 130 member organizations of the Federal Association for Prevention and Health Promotion (BVPG) regarding the development and implementation of QD measures. The members of the BVPG are leading governmental and nongovernmental organizations responsible for the coordination of prevention and health promotion interventions at the state and national levels. The BVPG has set as an explicit goal the support of members in developing adequate QD strategies. The survey instrument, an online standardized questionnaire developed by the authors, was sent to all member organizations for completion.

Results

Although the members expressed a high level of interest in the survey, the quality and quantity of the responses were limited, resulting in the study not achieving its goal. The results show that the wide variety of measures employed and the lack of formalized categories for such measures make it impossible to gain an overview of current practice through a quantitative questionnaire. QD appears to be largely context dependent, following a somewhat different logic depending on the structures of the organization and the types of services offered. The quantitative instrument employed in the survey was not adequate for capturing this large variance.

Conclusion

A qualitative approach would be more useful for gaining insight into the current QD practice of providers in the field of prevention and health promotion. In a follow-up study interviews will be conducted with representatives from a selection of member organizations, providing for a discussion of QD measures in the context of the overall organizational development strategy. The interviews will also include the use of a modified version of the Delphi method for the purpose of generating a common framework to guide further discussions of QD within the membership of the BVPG. This framework will be used to promote QD in the field and to encourage exchange on positive and negative experiences in the development and implementation of adequate measures.     

Human rights: necessary? Sufficient? Diversionary?

Claims of human rights have historically been a response to the violence and oppression brought by some people onto others. Focusing on the individual person, modern concepts of human rights inadequately address the relationships of individual people to their communities and rarely address relationships of people with other species and ecological systems more generally. During the past 50-100 years the world has undergone profound ecological change, and although concepts of human rights remain useful, their limits are becoming increasingly clear. Advances in ecological and biological sciences demonstrate dialectic relationships among components and the whole of complex systems. Where the individual begins and ends is unclear. A new ethic that incorporates new ecological understanding is essential in order to address the essentially new world of today. A deep sense of responsibility and an ethic of care, trust, respect, and reciprocity are essential to this undertaking.     

凉茶是茶?是药?是饮料?

正凉茶孩子能吗玉儿妈我们家是一向不买饮料和雪糕的,因为不想让孩子吃,我们做父母的也要给孩子做个榜样。前阵子朋友来做客,带的礼品里有一箱凉茶。不喝吧,浪费;喝吧,这个是茶?是药?是饮料?孩子能喝吗?赞(72)I转发(35)I收藏(17)I评论(93)I私信(8)不醉不归不倒翁饮料名称通常分碳酸饮料、汽水、桔汁饮料、植物蛋白饮料、绿茶饮料。"凉茶"是一种通俗语言,"植物饮料"才是     

Pr?diktoren individueller Wohnmobilit?t ?lterer Frauen und M?nner

Background

Implications of unfavourable living conditions in the elderly are mental, physical and social effects and increase the risk of institutionalization. The aim of this study was to examine older adults?? readiness to move to age-friendly living environments (e.g. serviced apartments, multigenerational housing, apartment-sharing communities for older residents) should they ever need long-term nursing care.

Methods

A total of 5,657 holders of nursing care insurance (50+ years) were surveyed on their residential preferences should they require long-term nursing care. The data were subjected to bivariate and multifactorial analyses.

Results

At 63.9?% the proportion of respondents who were not willing to move (stayers) exceeded the proportion of those who were willing to move (movers), which was only 19.6?%. Stayers and movers showed different sociodemographic profiles. Older men reported a low readiness to move (19.3?% of men aged over 69 years). Most of the movers were women under 60 years (49.1?% of the women in that age group).

Conclusions

The study highlights the need for the provision of gender-sensitive and class-specific advice on the residential models available in old age.     

Health care reform: why? What? When?

Dissatisfaction with the U.S. health care system is widespread, but no consensus has emerged as to how to reform it. The principal methods of finance-employer-based insurance, means-tested insurance, and Medicare-are deeply and irreparably flawed. Policymakers confront two fundamental questions: Should reform be incremental or comprehensive? And should priority be given to reforming the financing system or to improving organization and delivery? We consider here several proposals for incremental reform and three for comprehensive reform: individual mandates with subsidies, single payer, and universal vouchers. Over the long term, reform is likely to come in response to a major war, depression, or large-scale civil unrest.     

L?nger leben, l?nger leiden?

During the 20th?century, life expectancy has been continuously increasing with the majority of the additional years resulting from decreasing mortality among the old and oldest old in the last few decades. Two phases of convergence and divergence in European mortality have been identified, with a possible new phase of divergence taking place among the oldest old. Over this period, women have always been living longer than men. Explanations for this phenomenon include not only biological factors and differences in lifestyle and health care utilization, but also differences in reporting patterns. Trends in health do not follow a clear direction. Reasons are the different dimensions of health as well as inadequate data. In general, the prevalence of morbidity has been increasing, while functional limitations and ADL disabilities have been decreasing. Due to a lack of data, no information exists for trends among the oldest old at age 80 and above. In absolute terms, the number of healthy years has been increasing with increasing life expectancy. In relative terms, they have been stable, probably slightly increasing in some countries. These trends suggest that increasing life expectancy does not result in an increase in morbidity.