乌鲁木齐地区孕妇上感和流产史与TORCH感染相关性研究

ＥＬＩＳＡ检测１５２９例孕妇血清特异性ＩｇＭ抗体，以了解本地区孕妇ＴＯＲＣＨ感染情况，同时根据门诊记录病历进行统计整理，分析了上呼吸道感染与流产分别与ＴＯＲＣＨ感染间的关系。结果显示ＴＯ、ＲＶ、ＣＭＶ和ＨＳＶ－２的ＩｇＭ阳性检出率分别为１．１８％、１．７６％、２．６２％和１．６０％，有上呼吸道感染史孕妇各顶ＩｇＭ阳性检出率则分别为１．６５％、３．０７％、３．０７％和２．８０％有流产史孕妇给出率分别为１．８７％、２．８０％、２．９９％和２．８０％。经过分析说明上呼吸道感染与ＲＶ感染率显著相关，流产史与ＲＶ、ＨＳＶ－２感染率显著相关，ＯＲ值均〉２．３０。     

缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管内皮细胞的变化

３０只雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分成正常对照和缺氧１、２、３、４周组（共５组），吸入１０％Ｏ＿２，９０％Ｎ＿２，每天８ｈ，每周６天。静注１％ＦｅＣｌ３０．２ｍｌ／１００ｇ体重，每周２次。于缺氧１、２、３、４周未测肺动脉压力，取肺动脉及肺组织行电镜检查，结果显示：缺氧时间越长，肺血管内皮细胞结构损伤越重，肺动脉压力越高。提示血管内皮细胞损伤在肺动脉高压形成中起重要作用。     

骨肿瘤MDM2和p53基因的改变

目的从基因水平研究ＭＤＭ２和ｐ５３基因在骨肿瘤中的表达，探讨其在骨肿瘤发生发展中的作用。方法用地高辛标记原位杂交技术研究了３８例骨肿瘤（骨肉瘤１２例，软骨肉瘤１０例，骨巨细胞瘤１４例，软骨母细胞瘤２例）ＭＤＭ２和ｐ５３的表达情况，并分析两种基因表达之间的相互关系。结果ＭＤＭ２在骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤和骨巨细胞瘤中的阳性率分别为４１．７％、５０．０％和３５．７％。ｐ５３的阳性率分别为５８．３％、４０．０％和２１．４％。２例软骨母细胞瘤ＭＤＭ２和ｐ５３均为阳性。ＭＤＭ２与ｐ５３基因表达呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．００５）。结论ＭＤＭ２和ｐ５３基因改变是骨肿瘤的一种常见现象，可能参与骨肿瘤的发生与发展。     

c─erbB─2、ras p21及p53在大肠癌表达的免疫组化研究

对４８例大肠癌连续切片进行ｃ─ｅｒｂＢ─２、ｒａｓｐ２１及ｐ５３３种癌相关基因产物的免疫组化ＡＢＣ法及ＡＰＡＡＰ－ＩＧＳＳ双重标记研究，结果表明：（１）癌相关基因ｃ─ｅｒｂＢ─２、ｒａｓｐ２１和ｐ５３阳性表达率在癌组织分别为５０．２％（２５／４８）、４３．８％（２１／４８）和５４．２％（２６／４８）；癌旁粘膜分别为２５％（１２／４８）、１８．８（９／４８）和２０．８％（１０／４８）；而在＂正常＂结肠粘膜则分别为１２．５％（６／４８）、６．３％（３／４８）和０．（２）有２种以上癌相关基因产物同时表达者在癌组织中有２６例（５４．２％）．在癌旁粘膜有５例（１０．５％），而在正常粘膜则未见有２种癌相关基因同时表达，（３）癌组织中ｃ─ｅｒｂＢ─２＋ｐ２１、ｃ─ｅｒｂＢ─２＋ｐ５３、ｐ２１＋ｐ５３及ｃ─ｅｒｂＢ─２＋ｐ２１＋ｐ５３同时表达者分别为２．１％、１２．５％、１６．７％及２２．９％，（４）ＡＰＡＡＰ－ＩＧＳＳ双重免疫标记结果表明，单一癌细胞可同时表达２种癌基因产物。上述结果提示：ｃ─ｅｒｂＢ─２、ｒａｓｐ２１及ｐ５３可能与大肠病的发生有关，三者在大肠病的发生中可能起协同作用。     

重组干扰素对慢性丙型肝炎抗病毒疗效5年随访观察

目的观察重组干扰素α－２ａ，α－２ｂ抗丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）的近、远期疗效。方法重组干扰素α－２ａ治疗组７０例，重组干扰素α－２ｂ４６例对照组２８例，治疗后随访５年。结果治疗结束时，ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阴转率和血清ＡＬＴ复常率α－２ａ组分别为６７１４％和７０００％，α－２ｂ组分别为６９５６％和７１７３％，随访５年后，α－２ａ组ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阴转率和血清ＡＬＴ复常率分别为３５７１％和４７１４％，α－２ｂ组分别为３９１３％和５２１７％，均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１和Ｐ＜００５）。基因分型以ＨＣＶⅠ组感染为主（７５８６％），干扰素对ＨＣＶⅡ组感染的疗效优于ＨＣＶⅠ组。结论重组干扰素α－２ａ与α－２ｂ均为有效的抗丙型肝炎病毒药物，慢性丙型肝炎患者干扰素治疗的早期疗效较好。ＨＣＶ基因型有预测干扰素疗效的意义     

6680例危机干预分析

对南京心理危机干预中心门诊６６８０人进行分析，结果发现求助的主要问题为精神疾病（４０．０％）、婚姻（１６．４％）、恋爱（８．３％）、家庭（７．３％）、经济（６．３％）、人际关系（４．５％）、学习（２．９％）、工作就业（２．８％）、轻生自杀（２．６％）、健康（２．５％）、意外（２．２％）、升学晋级（１．６％）、性（１．４％）、其它（０．６％）。求助者的职业分布为工人（３０．４％）、大中学生（２４．１）％、科技人员（１５．０％）、离退休人员（９．０％）、干部（６．９％）、个体户（４．８％）、服务员（３．１％）、待业（２．２％）、农业（２．１％）、军警（０．７％）、家务（０．５％）、小学生（０．３％）等。求助者年龄组存在１１－２０岁（１９．８％）和５１－６０岁（１９．４％）两个高峰。应重视危机干预事业，特别是精神疾病患者、青少年及老年的心理危机干预。     

我国登革2型病毒43株非结构蛋白NS1基因的特征

对我国１９８７年从广西分离的登革２型病毒４３株非结构蛋白ＮＳ１基因的核苷酸序列进行了分析，结果表明登革２型病毒４３株非结构蛋白ＮＳ１基因含有１０５６核苷酸编码３５２个氨基酸，并就其核苷酸序列及其相应的氨基酸序列与我国１９８５年海南流行高峰期分离的Ｄ２－０４株、国际参考株新几内亚Ｃ株（ＮＧＣ）、牙买加株（ＪＡＭ）、候选疫苗株（Ｓ１）和马来西亚流行株Ｍ１（登革出血热）、Ｍ２（登革休克综合征）、Ｍ３（登革热）进行比较，发现核苷酸序列的同源性分别为９２．２％，９３．７％，９３．３％，９０．７％，８９．９％，８９．５％，８９．３％，氨基酸的类似性分别为８９．８％，９２．６％，９３．３％，９１．２％，９０．６％，９０．１％，８９；９％，推断的氨基酸序列含有两个糖基化位点，分别位于氨基酸残基的１３０和２０７位，一个可能的蛋白裂解位点３５０～３５２和１０个保守的半胱氨酸残基。     

山东地丁、蒲公英价升

山东地丁、蒲公英价升据悉，山东省地产药材地丁、蒲公英产新以来，价格呈上升趋势。蒲公英目前产地收购价为３．０～３．５元，比去年的２．０～２．４元上升５０％；地丁目前产新收购价为每公斤２．６～２．８元，比去年的２．２元上升１８．２％。以上两个品种价升，主...     

API0134对大鼠血浆和血小板血栓素B2生成与血小板聚集的影响

用放射免疫分析法和比浊法测定ＰＡＩ０１３４对大鼠血浆血栓素Ｂ２浓度，血小板ＴＸＢ２生成血小板聚集的影响。静脉注射ＡＰＩ０１３４７０ｍｇ或１００ｍｇ．ｋｇ显著降低血浆ＴＸＢ２浓度，其降低２率分别为３８．８％和５１．６％，ＡＰＩ０１３４明显抑制ＡＤＰ诱导的大鼠血小板聚集和ＴＸＢ２生成，抑制率分别为２７．８％，３９．５％，和４１．４％，５３．６％，两抑制率间呈显著正相关。     

湛江地区131例性染色体异常核型分析

对本室１９８年９月至１９９８年７月检出的性染色体异常核型进行分析，计有３５种异常共１３１例。其中Ｋｌｉｎｅｆｅｌｔｅｒ综合征７种核型４１例（３１３０％），Ｔｕｒｎｅｒ综合征８种核型４０例（３０５３％），超Ｘ综合征４种核型６例（４５８％），超Ｙ综合征２种核型３例（２２９％），Ｘ染色体缺失２种核型２例（１５３％），Ｘ染色体与常染色体易位２种核型２例（１５３％），Ｙ染色体缺失３种核型４例（３０５％），性反转和两性畸形３种核型９例（６８７％），Ｙ染色体异态３种类型２４例（１８３２％）。分析了异常核型与表型的关系。     

重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肾上腺病理及超微结构变化

目的:观察重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肾上腺皮质的病理和超微结构变化。方法:采用5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰管注射法建立SAP模型,分别于术后3、12、24h测定血淀粉酶,观察胰腺、肾上腺皮质病理变化,透射电镜观察12h肾上腺皮质束状带细胞超微结构。结果:SAP造模成功后,血淀粉酶、胰腺病理评分进行性升高。3h时肉眼见肾上腺包膜轻度水肿,并逐渐加重,24h最为明显;3h肾上腺组织出现血窦扩张,12h可见肾上腺组织水肿、腺体结构轻度破坏、少量炎性细胞浸润,24h肾上腺皮质部分细胞变性及出血性坏死,腺体结构破坏严重;12hSAP大鼠肾上腺皮质束状带细胞超微结构损伤和分泌功能降低等改变。结论:随着SAP病情进展,肾上腺组织病理及超微结构损害加重。肾上腺功能减退可能与其病理、超微结构损伤有关。     

Absence of catecholamine uptake mechanism in the isolated perfused adrenal gland of the rat

The left adrenal gland of the rat was perfused in vitro via the adrenal vein with Krebs-bicarbonate solution to study accumulation of exogenous catecholamines and secretion of endogenous norepinephrine and epinephrine by exposing the gland to various sympathomimetic agents. Perfusions with high concentrations of norepinephrine for 30 min did not result in its accumulation over the endogenous norepinephrine content. High concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine and phenylephrine failed to displace significant quantities of endogenous catecholamines in the perfusate over those secreted spontaneously. Agents known to release norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves, such as tyramine and ephedrine, were ineffective in causing secretion of catecholamines from the rat adrenal gland. We have concluded that chromaffin cells of the isolated rat adrenal gland do not exhibit an efficient uptake system across their membrane for transporting catecholamines.     

Possible role of insulin-like growth factor-II C-peptide on catecholamine release and ultrastructural aspects of chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland of the frog

The present study was undertaken to demonstrate that insulin-like growth factor-II C-peptide (IGF-II C-peptide) affects the function of the adrenal gland of Rana ridibunda (Anura, Amphibia) by stimulating chromaffin cells. Previous studies have shown that insulin-like growth factors affect adrenal gland function in mammals. On the basis of these findings, frogs were injected with IGF-II C-peptide (2.5 microg/0.2 ml), whereas control animals were injected with Ringer solution (0.2 ml). The adrenal glands were removed at 12 and 48 h after injection and fixed, embedded in paraffin wax and Epon, and examined by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy to investigate whether there were structural changes and activation of chromaffin cells in the frog adrenal gland. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for overall tissue analysis and, in parallel, serotonin was localized using the streptavidin-biotin complex technique while dopamine beta-hydroxylase was shown by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase-3, 3'-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride method. After injection of IGF-II C-peptide, chromaffin cells released serotonin and synthesized dopamine beta-hydroxylase. The most pronounced effect of IGF-II C-peptide on the chromaffin cells was observed at 12h after injection. Our results indicate that there is a possible role of IGF-II C-peptide on chromaffin cell activity enhancing catecholamine release in the adrenal gland of the frog.     

肾上腺占位性病变的超声与CT诊断的对比

目的 比较超声、CT检查在诊断肾上腺占位性病变中的价值。方法 将肾上腺占位32病例的超声、CT表现与手术、病理结果进行对照,分别比较超声、CT诊断肾上腺占位的敏感性和特异性。结果 32例肿块中共有13例（40.62%）肾上腺占位在超声检查时偶尔发现,CT检查偶尔发现4例（12.50%）;右侧肾上腺肿块的超声定位诊断符合率94.12%,左侧肾上腺肿块的超声显示率53.33%。不同病理类型的肾上腺肿块可出现相应的超声或CT表现,部分具有特征性。结论 超声对于右侧肾上腺占位的检出率与CT一致,左侧肾上腺占位的检出率低于CT;定性诊断上超声和CT检查具有一致性,两者之间有着很好的互补性。     

肾上腺肿瘤光镜,电镜鉴别诊断价值

收集２２例肾上腺皮髓质肿瘤电镜材料，根据电镜结果，明确皮髓质来源后，重新认识光镜特点。结果发现１６例单凭光镜即可诊断，另６例单凭光镜则难以明确。根据电镜表现，对以嗜酸细胞瘤样表现的肿瘤和以实性片块为主体的肿瘤，则应行电镜检查才能获得可靠的诊断，而临床表现、实验室检查、肿瘤大小、有无包膜等指标在肾上腺皮髓质肿瘤鉴别上帮助不大。     

Pre and postganglionic innervation of rat adrenal gland by fluorescent tract tracer – Fast blue

IntroductionTo search for pre and postganglionic neurons innervating the adrenal gland by injecting retrograde tract tracer fast blue in the adrenal medulla.MethodsThe motor innervation of rat adrenal gland was studied by a fluorescent tract tracer fast blue. 5 μl of 2% aqueous suspension of fast blue was injected into left adrenal gland. After a survival period of 4–5 days, spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia, suprarenal ganglion, coeliac ganglion and left adrenal gland were dissected out and 15 μm thick plastic sections (JB4 Polysciences) were examined under a fluorescent microscope.ResultsRetrogradely labeled preganglionic neurons were observed in the ipsilateral intermediolateral column of spinal cord from T3 to L2 spinal segments with maximum concentration of labeled neurons from T6 to T11. The labeled neurons were multipolar, spherical or fusiform in shape with transverse diameter 10–20 μm and vertical diameter varying from 12 to 30 μm. Postganglionic labeled neurons were also observed in the left suprarenal ganglion and left sympathetic ganglia (T5 –L2) with maximum concentration from T6 to L1. Labeled neurons varied from 12 to 30 μm in diameter and were randomly distributed throughout the ganglion.DiscussionThe preganglionic neurons from T3 to L2 spinal segments and postganglionic nerve fibers from ipsilateral sympathetic ganglia (T5 –L2) and suprarenal ganglion supplying the adrenal gland might be responsible for the hormone release by regulating blood flow and also by directly innervating the parenchymal cells.     

肾上腺的断层标本与CT、MR图像对照研究

目的：为肾上腺病变的横断层影像诊断和外科治疗提供实用的断层解剖学依据。方法：采用22例成人上腹部连续横断层标本、10例健康成人MR横断层图像及20例无肾上腺病变的临床病人MSCT横断层图像,连续追踪观测了肾上腺在横断面上的形态、位置、毗邻和大小。结果：在连续横断面上,左、右肾上极层面是寻找双侧肾上腺的可靠层面。下腔静脉后壁是识别右肾上腺前界的标志;脾动、静脉则是识别左肾上腺前界的标志。肾上腺在横断面上的形态变化较大,可分为四种类型。肾上腺前方的毗邻结构复杂,尤其是左肾上腺。故肾上腺病变向前生长时有不同的优势途径。结论：断层影像解剖可很好地显示肾上腺的形态与毗邻。     

Adrenal secretion rates and adrenal tissue concentrations of pregnenolone, progesterone, 11βOH-androstenedione and some other steroids in young pigs and dogs

1. The rates were measured at which a number of different steroids were secreted by the adrenal gland of the eviscerated and nephrectomized young pig and dog.2. In addition to cortisol and corticosterone the following steroids were consistently found to be present in the adrenal venous blood: pregnenolone, progesterone, 11betaOH-progesterone, androstenedione, 11betaOH-androstenedione and adrenosterone.3. The sum of the latter steroids could amount to as much as 30% of the total steroid secretion.4. A severe deficit in the blood volume increased the secretion of pregnenolone and the 17-oxo steroids in the pig.5. alpha-ethyltryptamine failed to inhibit ACTH release if the animals were eviscerated and nephrectomized, or if they were anaesthetized with chloralose instead of pentobarbitone sodium.6. The same steroids as in the adrenal venous blood were found in extracts from the adrenal glands of a number of species.7. The amount of individual steroids present in the adrenal gland of the stressed pig and dog was compared with the rate at which each had been secreted immediately before the excision of the gland.8. There was a positive correlation between the adrenal concentrations and the secretion rates of cortisol, the major glucocorticoid secreted by the pig and the dog.9. In contrast, the rate at which pregnenolone was secreted did not show a consistent relationship to its concentration in the gland.10. A storage mechanism for pregnenolone in the adrenal cortex is proposed.     

CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗肾上腺转移癌

目的:探讨CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗肾上腺转移癌的疗效.方法:对2008年12月至2010年7月收治的8例行CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗的肾上腺转移癌患者资料行回顾性分析.术前制定治疗计划系统(TPS).单个粒子的放射性活度为29.6 MBq,粒子间距0.5～1.0 cm,中位MPD为102.9 Gy(95.8～113.4 Gy).在CT引导下将125I放射性粒子植入肾上腺肿瘤内.治疗后1～10月对病灶影像变化情况进行评价.结果:8例患者125I粒子植入治疗后CT影像复查示:完全缓解(CR)3例,部分缓解(PR)4例,稳定(NC)1例,有效率87.5%(7/8).所有患者均未出现严重不良反应,主要的并发症为疼痛(3例)、少量出血(1例)、发热(2例).结论:CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗肾上腺转移癌疗效确切,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.