近排腕骨切除术治疗腕骨陈旧性骨折脱位

本文报告自1986年5月至1996年6月对32例陈旧性腕骨骨折脱位患者采用近排腕骨切除关节成形术。经长期随访,术后症状消失,腕关节活动恢复正常的14例(优);术后症状消失,关节活动度达健手70％,握力达健手60％者12例(良);症状减轻,仅劳累后疼痛,休息后缓解,关节活动度达健手40％,握力达健手40％者5例(可);术后腕痛减轻,关节活动度及握力不及健手20％者1例(差)。因此,对陈旧性经舟骨—月骨周围脱位伴腕痛及关节活动障碍者,近排腕骨切除术是良好的手术方法。     

近排腕骨切除术治疗陈旧性经舟骨月骨周围骨折-脱位

目的报道近排腕骨切除术治疗陈旧性经舟骨、月骨周围脱位的临床效果。方法对 34例应用此手术的患者进行功能评价,平均随访5年3个月。结果29例腕部疼痛症状消失,5例仍有轻微腕部疼痛不适;腕关节屈伸活动度较术前增加了30°～50°;尺、桡偏活动较差,范围20°～30°;握力较健侧稍减弱;29例恢复了原来的工作,5例改为轻工作。结论近排腕骨切除术是治疗陈旧性经舟骨、月骨周围脱位的一种可靠有效的方法。     

近排腕骨切除治疗经舟月骨周围脱位的疗效

报道近排腕骨切除术治疗经舟骨月骨周围脱位的临床效果。对１９７７年６月至１９９３年６月应用该手术的１４名患者，进行功能评估，平均随访６年五个月。结果：１１例腕痛消失，３例有轻微疼痛及不适。腕关节掌屈３９．９度，为健侧的５３．３％，背屈４１．８度，为健侧的６５．２％。     

近排腕骨切除术治疗经舟骨月骨周围脱位患者的护理

对43例陈旧性经舟骨月骨周围脱位患者行近排腕骨切除术。结果39例腕痛完全消失，4例轻微疼痛不适，但不影响关节活动。提出术前良好的心理护理、充足的术前准备及功能锻炼，术后病情观察、伤口疼痛的处理、手部水肿的处理及功能锻炼是手术获得满意效果的重要保证。     

近排腕骨切除术治疗经舟骨月骨周围脱位患者的护理

对43例陈旧性经舟骨月骨周围脱位患者行近排腕骨切除术.结果39例腕痛完全消失,4例轻微疼痛不适,但不影响关节活动.提出术前良好的心理护理、充足的术前准备及功能锻炼,术后病情观察、伤口疼痛的处理、手部水肿的处理及功能锻炼是手术获得满意效果的重要保证.     

近排腕骨切除治疗陈旧经舟月骨周围脱位

我们自 1978年应用近排腕骨切除术治疗经舟月骨脱位 35例 ,效果满意 ,现总结如下 :1　临床资料本组 35例 ,其中男 2 2例 ,女 13例 ;年龄 2 3～ 5 3岁 ,术前病程 30天～ 9个月 ,平均 3 5月。2　手术方法臂丛神经阻滞麻醉。应用上臂气囊止血带做腕掌侧纵“Ｓ”形切口 ,依次切开各层 ,注意保护正中神经及肌腱 ,清除关节内瘢痕 ,切除舟骨、月骨及三角骨 ,保留豌豆骨 (因其对桡腕关节的活动功能无甚影响 )仔细清除碎骨片。放松止血带 ,伤口内仔细止血 ,修复好腕周围韧带 ,术后石膏外固定于腕背伸 15° ,三周后解除石膏 ,配合中药外洗、功能锻炼。…     

近排腕骨切除治疗的探讨

1992年以来,作者共对11例腕部损伤、创伤性关节炎行近排腕切除术治疗,取得了较为满意的疗效,现报告如下。1　临床资料11例中男9例,女2例;新鲜创伤2例,陈旧性损伤9例。月骨、舟骨近端骨折、脱位2例,其中1例术后舟骨骨折不愈合;经舟骨月骨周围脱位2例,其中1例术后舟骨骨折不愈合;桡骨远端骨折损伤关节面、复位不良致后期桡腕关节炎3例;陈旧舟骨骨折不愈合致后期桡腕关节炎4例,其中2例外固定时间超过4个月。2　治疗方法在腕关节背部,由尺骨茎突至桡骨茎突作一长横形切口。切开后保护桡神经浅支,尺神经背侧支。切开腕背部韧带,保护拇长伸肌。切…     

近排腕骨切除术中期疗效

目的 评估近排腕骨切除术3年以上的手术疗效.方法 对1992-2004年在我科进行近排腕骨切除3年以上的19例患者进行随访(随访时间为3～10年,平均6.7年),观察术后腕关节的影像学资料、握力和腕关节活动度.结果 19例中有16例术后随访时无疼痛,3例轻度疼痛.术后发生桡腕关节退变者8例.腕关节平均活动度:屈伸(72±17)°,尺桡偏(39±11)°,分别为健侧的63%和45%.腕部握力平均为(20±11)kg,为健侧的77%.结论 近排腕骨切除术的中期疗效稳定.     

近排腕骨切除术后对腕关节生物力学影响的实验研究

目的测定正常腕关节和近排腕骨切除术后腕关节的活动范围和生物力学变化,探讨近排腕骨切除术后腕关节功能丧失和并发症出现的机制。方法选用16例新鲜腕关节标本,通过CSS-44020系列生物力学试验机(中国长春试验机研究所制造),牵引腕关节于被动掌屈、背伸、尺偏和桡偏位,测量正常腕关节和近排腕骨切除术后腕关节的活动范围。然后在腕关节内放置压敏片,于中立位对腕关节施压,分析压敏片上相关信息。结果正常腕关节标本掌屈(74.2°±4.9°,-x±s,下同)、背伸63.3°±3.6°、尺偏36.8°±2.6°、桡偏20.2°±3.4°。近排腕骨切除后掌屈48.1°±5.6°、背伸43.6°±4.6°、尺偏21.0°±4.3°、桡偏10.3°±4.1°。正常腕关节的受力面积平均为(640.57±23.15)mm2,近排腕骨摘除组为(81.26±2.38)mm2。正常腕关节负荷压力为(27.68±0.73)N/cm2,近排腕骨切除组为(169.81±2.27)N/cm2。结论近排腕骨切除术后腕关节活动范围丧失较大,其应力负荷的增加明显超出了正常腕关节所承受的压力负荷,使腕关节功能丧失较多并容易在术后产生腕关节退行性关节炎等并发症。     

近排腕骨切除术后桡腕关节的解剖学及生物力学变化

目的研究近排腕骨切除术后新的桡腕-桡头关节的解剖学特点及生物力学变化，增强临床对这一术式的理解。方法6只福尔马林固定的尸体腕标本，模拟近排腕骨切除术后观测头状骨近端关节面；纵性剖开头状骨及月骨，描拓桡月关节和桡头关节的匹配曲线；选用6只新鲜标本牙托粉包埋后，用压敏片在双轴液压材料测试系统上测试正常和术后桡腕关节的接触面积和压力变化。数据进行统计学处理。结果正常桡月关节匹配曲线良好，腕骨切除术后头状骨近端关节面有4个子关节面，和桡骨远端的桡月窝匹配性差。腕中立位下，正常的平均腕单位面积负荷为（22．9±4．3）N／cm^2。近排腕骨切除术后为（136．4±30．7）N／cm。（P〈0．05）。结论近排腕骨切除术后形成的新桡腕关节-桡头关节其解剖学和生物力学都明显异常。     

Treatment of open fractures and dislocations of hand long bones

Efficiency of different fixation methods of open fractures and dislocations of hand tubular bones on the basis of treatment experience of 206 patients has been investigated in clinical conditions. Immobilization with a plaster bandage, osteosynthesis and transarticulation fixation by wires, osteosynthesis by external fixation apparatus were used. An analysis of long-term results of treatment of 128 patients demonstrated that fixation of damaged bones and joints by the external fixation apparatus is the most effective one.     

Wrist arthrodesis with excision of the proximal carpal bones using the Ao/ASIF wrist fusion plate and local bone graft

We present our series of 17 patients who underwent wrist arthrodesis with excision of the proximal row carpal bones using the AO wrist fusion plate and local bone graft obtained from the excised proximal carpal row. All patients were evaluated using a questionnaire to assess pain, function, ability to perform an occupation and satisfaction with the procedure. The mean follow-up was 17 months, at which time all the fusions had united. Clinical outcome scores showed that 14 and 15 of the 17 patients achieved good or excellent results with regard to their current condition and clinical improvement, respectively. Four patients required secondary surgery, two for fractures and two for instability of the distal radio-ulnar joint unrelated to the wrist fusion.     

Management of proximal interphalangeal joint fractures and dislocations.

Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) injuries are among the most common in the hand and their severity is often underestimated. These injuries often lead to prolonged disability, pain, and stiffness. Appropriate treatment includes a thorough assessment, physical examination, and directed imaging. Such an approach should lead to a rational treatment plan that focuses on the rehabilitation of all damaged components, including osseous, articular, and soft tissue structures. This article reviews all elements in the management of PIP injuries and introduces an assessment method for PIP injuries based on the mechanism of injury rather than primarily on the basis of radiographic findings.     

正骨手法治疗肱骨近端骨折合并肩关节脱位

目的 :探讨正骨手法治疗肱骨近端骨折合并肩关节脱位的治疗技巧及其临床疗效。方法 :自2015年1月至2015年12月,采用正骨手法对118例肱骨近端骨折合并肩关节脱位进行复位,手法治疗后予以胶带或克氏针固定;男56例,女62例:年龄48~88岁,平均61岁;受伤至整复时间1~31 d,平均3 d;均为闭合性骨折,根据Neer标准分类:Ⅱ型27例,Ⅲ型55例,Ⅳ型36例;肩关节盂下脱位85例,喙突下脱位33例;所有患者伴有明显的肩关节部位畸形、功能障碍等症状;所有患者经X线肩关节正侧位摄片确诊,并在臂丛麻醉下行正骨手法复位。根据患者骨折类型及固定方式鼓励患者行患肢康复锻炼,参照Constant-Murley肩关节评分系统进行疗效判定。结果:全部病例获随访,时间6~12个月,平均9个月。术后出现肱骨头坏死1例,创伤性肩周炎2例,末次随访肩关节功能Constant-Murley评分为84.5±4.5,其中优78例,良28例,可9例,差3例,优良率89.8%。X线片显示所有病例骨性愈合。结论:采用正骨手法治疗肱骨近端骨折合并肩关节脱位,手法巧,手术操作简单,创伤小,疗效满意。     

Complications of K-wire fixation of fractures and dislocations in the hand and wrist

Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation of fractures and dislocations of the hand and wrist is a common procedure. Of the 590 K-wire fixations performed on 236 patients, 36 (15.2%) experienced complications which included osteomyelitis, tendon rupture, nerve lesion, pin tract infection, pin loosening or migration. There were no deep soft-tissue pin infections or pyarthrosis. Technical failure, mainly when the procedure was performed by residents, and poor patient compliance were the major causes of complications. K-wire fixation is a simple but demanding procedure that cannot be left to an inexperienced resident. Elimination of technical failure, supervision in the operating room, close monitoring, prompt treatment upon discovery of a complication, and improvement of patient compliance can reduce the rate of complications. Received: 30 October 2000