异丙酚麻醉状态下拔除气管导管

目的 比较异丙酚与异氟醚麻醉状态下拔除气管导管的优劣.方法 将择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者60例随机分成异丙酚组(P组,n=30)和异氟醚组(I组,n=30).P组在胆囊切除后,关闭异氟醚蒸发罐并给予异丙酚4 mg穔g-1穐-1静脉泵维持;I组在胆囊取出腹腔后,关闭异氟醚蒸发罐并将呼气末异氟醚浓度(EtISO)维持在0.5%.观察两组入室后、手术结束时、气管拔管前、气管拔管后和气管拔管后5 min各时段的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血氧饱和度(SPO2)、呼气末二氧化碳(PETCO2)和EtISO,以及拔管时间、睁眼时间、定向力时间,围拔管期的无意识躁动、恶心和呕吐情况. 结果手术结束时和气管拔管前的EtISO P组[(0.39±0.10)%、(0.13±0.06)%]低于I组[(0.52±0.14)%、(0.20±0.06)%](均P<0.01);拔管、睁眼和定向力时间P组[ (9.23±3.86)min、(12.33±3.75)min和(16.67±3.48)min]短于 I组 [ (12.83±4.61)min(P<0.05)、(16.57±4.17)min和(20.70±4.47)min(均P<0.01)].P组患者未发生无意识躁动,I组发生4例;两组均无恶心呕吐.结论 异丙酚用于麻醉状态下拔除气管导管,能使麻醉恢复过程安全舒适,在防止围拔管期的无意识躁动和缩短麻醉恢复时间方面优于异氟醚.     

熵指数监测婴幼儿七氟醚吸入麻醉深度的准确性

目的 探讨熵指数用于监测婴幼儿唇裂手术吸入七氟醚麻醉深度的准确性.方法 择期拟行唇裂修复术的患儿45例,ASA Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,年龄:0～36个月,按年龄分为两组,Ⅰ组:＜12个月,Ⅱ组:13 ～36个月.所有患儿进入手术室后,用6％七氟醚,以6L/min氧流量(高流量)吸入诱导,气管插管,机械通气,氧流量调整至3L/min,开始手术,调节七氟醚挥发浓度,使患儿呼气末七氟醚浓度(CETSev)依次为1.5％,2.0％,2.5％,3.0％并保持每个CETSev达10分钟以上,同时记录患儿清醒时(T1)及不同CETSev(T2-5)实时的心率(HR),平均动脉压(MAP),熵指数(状态熵SE、反应熵RE).结果 两组比较T1-3时点熵指数Ⅰ组低于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05);两组比较T4～5时点熵指数差异无显著性;与T1时刻比较,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组T2-5各时点熵指数降低;随着CETSev的增大,熵指数降低,两者呈负相关,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组CETSev与SE、RE的相关系数r分别为-0.682,-0.674,-0.701,-0.712.结论 婴幼儿七氟醚麻醉中使用熵指数监测麻醉深度准确性较好,即使是年龄＜12个月的婴幼儿也可使用.     

异丙酚和异氟醚麻醉对老年患者术后认知功能的影响

目的:探讨异丙酚和异氟醚麻醉对老年患者术后认知功能的影响。方法:选择骨科全麻手术患者40例,术前无神经精神系统疾病史,近1个月未服用脑血管扩张药,ASAI～Ⅱ级。随机分为2组:I组为异丙酚组(n=20),Ⅱ组为异氟醚组(n=20),术中分别以异丙酚和异氟醚维持麻醉。用简易智能量表(MMS)的方法评估两者对认知功能的影响。结果:2组麻醉时间及术中各时点MAP、HR、SPO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。MMS评分:Ⅱ组在麻醉结束后6h(T5)、12H(T6)、24h(T7)时,I组在T5、T6时较麻醉诱导前(T6)明显降低,Ⅱ组T7时点与I组同时点比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:异氟醚和异丙酚用于老年患者麻醉均能引起术后认知功能障碍,但异丙酚麻醉术后认知功能障碍恢复明显快于异氟醚麻醉患者。     

三种麻醉诱导方法对高血压患者血压的影响

目的比较高血压患者麻醉诱导过程中,分别使用异丙酚、七氟醚和异丙酚联合七氟醚进行麻醉诱导对患者血压的影响。方法选择ASAⅡ级,高血压病Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期全麻手术患者102例,随机分为三组,异丙酚组,七氟醚、七氟醚和异丙酚联合组,每组34例。三组分别采用异丙酚、七氟醚、异丙酚联合七氟醚诱导。观察三组患者诱导前(T0),诱导后(T1),插管后(T2),收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)的变化。结果三组患者麻醉诱导后(T1)和诱导前(T0)比较,SBP和DBP均呈显著性下降,而诱导后(T1)和插管后(T2)比较,SBP和DBP均呈显著性上升(P0.05)。异丙酚组插管后(T2)SBP和DBP与诱导前(T0)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。七氟醚组插管后(T2)SBP和DBP与诱导前(T0)比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而联合组插管后(T2)SBP和DBP与诱导前(T0)比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。组间比较,诱导后的血压下降,异丙酚组较七氟醚组下降幅度明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。异丙酚组与联合组相比血压下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。插管后血压上升,七氟醚组较异丙酚组血压上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。异丙酚组较联合组血压上升幅度明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。七氟醚组较联合组血压上升幅度明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论异丙酚、七氟醚、异丙酚联合七氟醚均可用于高血压患者的麻醉诱导,异丙酚联合七氟醚对插管后血流动力学平稳作用优于异丙酚组和七氟醚组。     

瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚用于颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者的麻醉效果观察

目的:观察瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中患者的麻醉效果。方法:选择行颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者84例资料,依不同麻醉剂设对照组和研究组,每组各42例。对照组患者实施异丙酚复合异氟醚麻醉;研究组患者实施瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉。观察两组患者术中的不良反应,各时点心率与血压及术后恢复情况。结果:研究组患者的不良反应总发生率7.14%,明显低于对照组28.56%(P<0.05);研究组患者的夹闭时HR(82.32±8.48)次/min,明显高于对照组,两组患者夹闭时DBP、SBP均明显低于麻醉前与拔管后(P<0.05);研究组患者的拔管、自主呼吸恢复时间等术后恢复指标(14.25±2.17)min、(5.33±1.90)min明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚用于颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者的麻醉效果优于异丙酚联合异氟醚麻醉效果。     

不同剂量瑞芬太尼在喉显微外科手术麻醉中的应用

目的观察不同剂量瑞芬太尼在抑制喉显微外科手术中心血管反应的效果及对术后麻醉恢复的影响。方法择期激光声带息肉切除手术60例,随机分为0.1μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组、0.2μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组和异氟醚组,每组20例。3组麻醉诱导用药均为咪唑安定、瑞芬太尼、异丙酚及氯化琥珀胆碱。麻醉维持:0.1μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组:瑞芬太尼0.1μg.kg-1.min-1,体积分数0.7%异氟醚;0.2μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组:瑞芬太尼0.2μg.kg-1.min-1,体积分数0.7%异氟醚;异氟醚组:体积分数1.5%~2.5%异氟醚。3组均吸入氧化亚氮(氧化亚氮与氧气流量比为1.5 1,氧流量1.0 L.min-1),静脉泵入氯化琥珀胆碱50~80μg.kg-1.min-1维持肌肉松弛。患者入室10 min时(T0)收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心率(HR)作为基础值,分别于气管插管时(T1)、固定支撑喉镜时(T2)、固定支撑喉镜3 min(T3)、固定支撑喉镜5 min(T4)、去除支撑喉镜时(T5)及拔管后3 min(T6)记录上述各项指标。记录手术时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间、拔管时间及恢复室观察时间。结果3组患者SBP、DBP在T1均低于T0(P<0.05);0.1μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组SBP、DBP及HR在T4明显高于T0、T1、T2及T3(P<0.05);0.2μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组SBP、DBP及HR在T4明显低于0.1μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组和异氟醚组(P<0.05)。异氟醚组SBP、DBP及HR在T2、T3及T4高于T0及T1(P<0.05);异氟醚组SBP、DBP及HR在T2、T3、T4高于0.1μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组和0.2μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组(P<0.05);0.1μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组和0.2μg.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼组清醒时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间及在恢复室观察时间均短于异氟醚组(P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼可有效抑制气管插管及固定支撑喉镜时的心血管反应,患者术后清醒迅速;瑞芬太尼0.2μg.kg-1.min-1的维持量抑制心血管副反应的效果更佳,且不延长清醒时间。     

熵指数和脑电双频指数用于脑瘫患儿七氟醚麻醉时镇静深度监测的评价

目的:通过熵指数和脑电双频指数(BIS)在脑瘫患儿七氟醚麻醉时与镇静深度的相关性和预测作用,评价熵指数和BIS用于脑瘫患儿镇静程度监测的准确性.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级、5～15岁择期在全身麻醉下行选择性周围神经缩窄术的脑瘫患儿25例.经面罩吸入5％七氟醚和N2O/O2:70％/30％.记录清醒时改良警觉/镇静评分(mOAAS)各阶段的反应熵(RE)、状态熵(SE) 、BIS、无创血压(NIBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SPO2).RE、SE、BIS与mOAAS评分的关系采用Spearman's等级相关进行分析.计算RE、SE、BIS、MAP、HR、SPO2对镇静深度的预测概率.结果:脑瘫患儿RE、SE 、BIS与mOAAS评分密切相关,明显优于MAP、HR、SPO2.RE、SE、BIS对镇静深度的预测概率(Pk)值明显高于MAP、HR、SPO2(P＜0.01).结论:RE、SE、BIS均可以在脑瘫患儿七氟醚-笑气麻醉中反应镇静深度.     

异氟烷、异丙酚和依托咪酯对老年人麻醉诱导插管的血流动力学及应激反应的影响

目的 探讨异氟烷、异丙酚和依托咪酯对老年人麻醉诱导插管的血流动力学及应激反应的影响.方法 选择本院2008年10月～2009年11月期间择期行腹部手术的全麻老年患者69例,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,随机分为3组:异氟烷吸入诱导组(A组),异丙酚静脉诱导组(B组),依托眯酯静脉诱导组(C组),每组23例,观察比较3组老年患者诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)、插管后3 min(T3)、插管后5 min(T4)及插管后10 min(T5)各时点血流动力学、血糖及皮质醇的变化.结果 与T0相比,A组T1、T4、T5时点的SBP、DBP明显降低(P<0.05),T1、T3、T4、T5时点的HR明显降低;B组T1、T3、T4、T5时点的SBP、DBP明显降低(P<0.05),T1时点的HR明显降低(P<0.05);C组T1、T4、T5时点SBP、DBP明显降低(P<0.05),T1时点HR明显降低(P<0.05),T2时点SBP、DBP、HR明显升高(P<0.05).与A组相比,B组T3、T4、T5时点HR明显增高(P<0.05);C组T2时点SBP、DBP明显增高(P<0.05),T2、T3、T4、T5时点HR明显增高(P<0.05).与B组相比,C组T1、T2、T3时点SBP、DBP明显增高(P<0.05),T2时点HR明显增高(P<0.05).3组患者各时点的SpO2和血糖浓度与诱导前(T0)及组间相比,均无统计学意义(P>0.05).与T0相比,A组、B组T3、T4、T5时点血浆皮质醇浓度逐渐降低,且差异均有显著性(P<0.05);C组T3、T4、T5时点血浆皮质醇浓度呈下降趋势,但差异无显著性(P>0.05).A组、B组T3、T4、T5时点血浆皮质醇浓度均明显低于C组(P<0.05).结论 在老年人麻醉诱导中,静脉注射异丙酚或吸入异氟烷比静脉注射依托咪酯能更好稳定血流动力学改变,抑制气管插管的应激反应,更适合于老年人麻醉诱导.     

瑞芬太尼靶控输注复合异丙酚在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的 观察瑞芬太尼靶控输注复合异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉与异氟醚吸入麻醉两种不同方法在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用效果.方法 选择40例择期妇科腹腔镜手术患者,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,TCI(T组)采用瑞芬太尼1μg/kg,异丙酚2～2.5mg/kg及维库溴胺0.1mg/kg快速诱导后,经口明视插管,维持采用瑞芬太尼靶浓度4～8ng/mL+异丙酚4～8mg/(kg·h).异氟醚组(Ⅰ组)采用芬太尼2μg/kg,异丙酚2～2.5mg/kg,维库溴胺0.1mg/kg诱导经口明视插管后,维持采用1:1的氧气:笑气和异氟醚(维持呼吸浓度0.8～1.2MAC)吸入麻醉.术中监测收缩压(SBP),舒张压(DBP),心率(HR)等指标.结果 T组病人入睡快,术中血流动力学比Ⅰ组平稳,术后患者苏醒迅速,意识清楚,术后随访术中无知晓.结论 瑞芬太尼靶控输注复合异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉在妇科腹腔镜手术中既满足了手术要求又提高了麻醉药的可控性,真正做到了安全有效.     

熵指数监测下不同浓度的七氟醚在小儿麻醉深度监测中的判定价值

目的探讨熵指数监测下不同浓度七氟醚在小儿麻醉深度监测中的有效性及临床应用价值。方法 45例下腹部手术患儿,ASA I级,随机分为3组(n=15),最低肺泡内吸入七氟醚有效浓度(MAC)分别为A组:1.0;B组:1.2;C组:1.5。观察并记录3组患儿手术麻醉过程中熵指数(反应熵RE、状态熵SE)变化。结果诱导后RE、SE值均显著性下降(P<0.01);术毕RE、SE值逐渐回升,患儿术后呼之睁眼时RE、SE值均接近基础值,RE值回升最快。结论小儿吸入不同浓度七氟醚全麻期间,熵指数作为麻醉深度监测指标,对于研判麻醉深度变化,具有较高的有效性及临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.