共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 11 毫秒
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R P Kimberly 《Current opinion in rheumatology》1991,3(3):373-379
Two themes are prominent in this year's literature dealing with glucocorticoids and musculoskeletal diseases. First, a high degree of attention has been focused on the use of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in rheumatoid arthritis. Despite a number of studies, however, opinion regarding its usefulness as a short-term, adjunctive therapy remains divided. Nonetheless, experience continues to support the view that intravenous methylprednisolone is associated with a relative lack of untoward effects. Second, attention has also been focused on steroid-induced osteoporosis. The heterogeneity of the impact of steroids on bone mineral density is perhaps surprising. The assumption that the effect of glucocorticoids on bone is uniformly large and sustained is clearly open to challenge, although the mechanisms underlying differences in host response are unclear. Definition of patients at higher risk for steroid-induced osteoporosis remains a priority. 相似文献
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M Ojima M Saitoh N Itoh Y Kusano S Fukuchi H Naganuma 《Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai zasshi》1985,61(3):168-178
O,p'-DDD is used for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma and Cushing's disease. The inhibitory effect of this drug on the adrenal steroid biosynthesis has been described by many authors, but there are very few reports about the sites of action of this drug on adrenal steroid synthesis. This paper presents in vitro studies on adrenal steroidogenesis and hepatic steroid metabolism. The effects of o,p'-DDD on adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD), 11 beta-hydroxylase (11 beta-OHlase) and 18-hydroxylase (18-OHlase) were examined in vitro using mitochondrial and microsomal fractions prepared by standard centrifugation procedures from the homogenate of bovine adrenal cortices. The concentrations of o,p'-DDD inducing 50% inhibition of 3 beta-HSD, 11 beta-OHlase and 18-OHlase were 8 X 10(-6) M, 1 X 10(-5) M and 3 X 10(-6) M, respectively. This study clearly demonstrates the marked inhibitory effects of o,p'-DDD on 3 beta-HSD in vitro, which was not described previously. The inhibitory effects of o,p'-DDD on these 3 enzymes were diminished by an addition of 0.05 approximately 0.5 mM of cofactor (NADPH or NAD). The results indicate that o,p'-DDD may reduce NADPH or NAD utilization, resulting in the inhibition of steroidogenesis. The effects of o,p'-DDD on hepatic 5 beta-reductase were examined in vitro using rat liver homogenate. O,p'-DDD inhibits 5 beta-reductase, resulting in the decrease of conversion of cortisol to dihydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisol at the concentration of 10(-3) M. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology》2013,48(11):1411-1418
AbstractObjectives. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) responds well to corticosteroid therapy (CST), and CST is essential to induce remission. However, the correlation between long-term outcome and CST has not been evaluated. We aimed to clarify the correlation between long-term outcome of AIP and CST. Material and methods. We retrospectively evaluated relapse, risk of malignancy and side effects of CST by focusing on the correlation with CST in 84 patients with type 1 AIP. Results. The incidence of relapse was 23.8%. The frequency of relapse after CST administration was significantly lower in patients taking CST for >6 months than in those who did not (22% versus 67%; p = 0.036). The incidence of malignancy was 10.7%. The standardized incidence ratio of malignancy was 2.14 [95% confidence interval 0.74–3.54]. There were no significant correlations between development of malignancy and CST. The incidences of total and serious side effects due to CST were 75% and 19.1%, respectively. Relapse was the only significant independent predictive risk factor for serious side effects in a multivariate analysis (odds ratio 4.065; 95% confidence interval 1.125–14.706; p = 0.032). The cumulative dose of corticosteroid was significantly higher in patients with serious side effects than in those without (12,645 mg versus 7322 mg; p = 0.041). Conclusions. CST reduces relapse of AIP. However, CST causes serious side effects, particularly in relapsing patients. Alternative maintenance therapy to prevent relapse is needed. 相似文献
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Glucagon decreases the activity of steroid-metabolising enzymes in isolated rat liver cells at physiological concentrations. Higher concentrations are less effective. TH-glucagon (1-N-alpha-trinitrophenylhistidine-12-homoarginine-glucagon) also reduces enzyme activity but does not lose activity at higher concentrations. The effects of the two hormones mimic closely their reported effects on phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate breakdown. It is, thus, likely that the effect of glucagon on steroid metabolism is mediated via breakdown of this phospholipid. The calcium ionophore, A23187, had no effect on steroid metabolism whereas the phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) mimicked the effect of glucagon, showing that activation of protein kinase C but not Ca2+ mobilization may be involved in glucagon's action on hepatic steroid metabolism. 相似文献
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Peter Eneroth Jan-Åke Gustafsson Paul Skett Åke Stenberg 《Molecular and cellular endocrinology》1977,7(2):167-175
The time course of feminization of hepatic steroid metabolism in the rat was followed after transplantation of a normal male or female pituitary gland under the kidney capsule of the host animal. Feminization of enzymes active on 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol occurred between 4 and 8 days after transplantation. Prior to this, masculinization of liver enzyme activities was seen in the transplanted animals. The data on concentrations of lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH) and prolactin in host serum indicated that, of these hormones, only prolactin was produced by the ectopic pituitary gland. A lag period of 2–4 days was observed before prolactin appeared in host serum. The serum concentrations of prolactin, lutropin and follitropin were poorly correlated with the degree of feminization of hepatic steroid metabolism in the host animal. It thus appears that the ectopic pituitary gland within 4–8 days after implantation begins to secrete (a) factor(s) which is (are) not identical to prolactin, lutropin or follitropin, and which feminize(s) the steroid metabolism in the liver. 相似文献
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Stout CW Weinstock J Homoud MK Wang PJ Estes NA Link MS 《Current cardiology reports》2003,5(5):395-401
Herbal medications and dietary supplements are unregulated in the United States. The use of these medications has dramatically
increased over the past decade. Many of these drugs are biologically active, yet physicians are often unaware their patients
are using a traditional remedy. Physicians are frequently unfamiliar with the medications being used and the intended effect,
as well as the side-effect profiles that accompany them. Recently, some of the herbal mediations that are commonly used in
the general population have been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of arrhythmias. Unfortunately, many more have been
shown to be detrimental. In this article, the background behind herbal medication and the degree to which herbal medications
are being used is reviewed. Herbal medications known to have beneficial effects in the treatment of arrhythmias, as well as
those that have known detrimental effects with regard to cardiac arrhythmias, are highlighted. Finally, research that has
been done in this field, focusing on those compounds that have been shown to be biologically active in the treatment of cardiac
arrhythmias, are reviewed. 相似文献
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Our ability to survive infectious agents depends on making adequate immune responses, but as we get older our thymus atrophies. Production and export of T cells bearing new antigen receptor specificities to the peripheral T cell pool declines and results in shrinkage of the repertoire. Other changes in the peripheral T cell pool include an increase in cells moving closer to their replicative limit. Age related immune dysfunction, evident through the increased susceptibility to infection, follows these changes. Improvement in immune function in the elderly may require us to rejuvenate the immune system starting first with reversing the atrophy seen in the thymus. This has been achieved experimentally with interleukin 7, growth hormone, growth hormone secretagogues, keratinocyte growth factor or through chemical or surgical castration. The widespread use of one or more of these treatments will depend upon their effectiveness, their ease of delivery and the extent of any side effects. 相似文献
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Physiologic effects and side effects of prostaglandin E1 in the adult respiratory distress syndrome 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Because PGE1 previously has been reported to increase survival of patients with ARDS, we evaluated physiologic effects and side effects of PGE1 in a prospective open-label study of patients with ARDS. Seventeen patients with ARDS who did not have significant renal or hepatic dysfunction received PGE1 by continuous central venous infusion (30 ng/kg/min). Seventeen control patients with ARDS without renal or hepatic dysfunction who had similar APACHE II and ARDS scores and causes of ARDS did not receive PGE1. Prostaglandin E1 significantly decreased the SVRI and oxygen extraction ratio. Concentrations of total and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but not platelets, increased significantly during PGE1 infusion, but did not change in control patients. There was no change in the Do2I and Vo2I during the course of the PGE1 infusion. There were no differences in Do2I and Vo2I during PGE1 infusion between survivors and nonsurvivors. Prostaglandin E1 was infused for a mean of 5.9 +/- 1.8 days (+/- SD) and was discontinued on ten occasions in seven patients because of supraventricular dysrhythmias (n = 4), hypotension (n = 3), thrombocytopenia (n = 3), and cardiac arrest (n = 2). Nonsurvivors had PGE1 discontinued prematurely more frequently than survivors (56 percent [5/9] vs 25 percent [2/8], respectively). The prevalence of multiple-system organ failure and the in-hospital mortality of both PGE1-treated and control patients were not different. Although PGE1 causes significant systemic vasodilation and possibly decreased intrapulmonary polymorphonuclear leukocyte sequestration, PGE1 does not influence multiple-system organ failure or mortality of patients with ARDS without renal or hepatic dysfunction. 相似文献
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A number of therapeutic agents, foods, chemicals, and poisons have been associated with the development or exacerbation of hypertension. This review discusses those identified in recent years. 相似文献
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Myron H. Weinberger M.D. 《Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy》1987,1(1):9-13
Summary Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is increasingly used as monotherapy for hypertension, especially because of the minimal side effects. Combination of ACE inhibitor therapy with diuretics has several practical and theoretical advantages. 相似文献
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The effects of three doses (1, 4 and 10 mg/kg body weight) of an anabolic steroid, nandrolone phenylpropionate (NPP), on body weight and composition, and muscle protein metabolism were investigated in female rats. Daily injections of 1 mg/kg of NPP for 10 days caused a significant increase in weight gain which was associated with an increase in body protein (9%) without affecting body fat. At higher doses this effect on body weight was attenuated, resulting in no change in body weight at 10 mg/kg. However body protein content was still increased (9%) whereas body fat content was significantly reduced (32%). NPP did not affect metabolizable energy intake at any dose tested. Body energy gain and gross energetic efficiency were both significantly reduced in animals treated with a dose of 10 mg/kg. The mass and protein content of gastrocnemius muscle were significantly increased in animals injected with NPP at all doses. Muscle protein synthesis measured in vivo was also significantly stimulated at 1 and 4 mg/kg but was not affected at 10 mg/kg. These data confirm an anabolic action of NPP and suggest highly dose-dependent effects on other parameters such as body weight, fat deposition and muscle protein synthesis. 相似文献
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Hematologic adverse events, including anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, occur frequently during the course of antiviral
therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Dose reduction of antiviral therapy
to manage these adverse events may result in decreased rates of sustained virologic response. Other management options include
the use of growth factors and the development of new therapies with less hematologic toxicity. 相似文献