天狼猩红偏振光法在病理性瘢痕纤维化研究中的应用

目的：探讨检测增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中胶原的方法。方法：应用天狼猩红编振光法和图像分析技术对正常皮肤、增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中胶原的类型、含量及分布特点进行研究。结果：正常皮肤组织中以Ⅲ型胶原为主；增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中均以I型胶原纤维为主，其含量随病程发展而增加。结论：天狼猩红编振光法是检测增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织纤维化程度的理想方法，可以明确纤维化过程中I、Ⅲ型胶原的变化规律。     

苦味酸-天狼猩红偏振光法对瘢痕动物模型的鉴定

背景:在瘢痕研究中急需稳定可靠的实验动物模型。目的:运用组织学方法对裸鼠瘢痕动物模型进行鉴定,确定最佳使用时机。设计:随机对照的重复测量设计。单位:中山大学附属第一医院烧伤科。材料:实验于2004-01/03在中山大学医学院动物实验中心完成。15只4～6周龄裸鼠(性别随机,体质量15～25g)由中山大学医学院实验动物中心提供;增生性瘢痕来自烧伤愈后、瘢痕增生半年之患者手术切除标本。方法:于裸鼠背侧移植人增生性瘢痕,建立疤痕动物模型;移植后4周起,每周处死5只实验动物,取移植物,100g/L甲醛固定标本,持续3周。苦味酸-天狼猩红染色偏振光检测移植物及临床取材,观察组织特点。主要观察指标:①苦味酸-天狼猩红染色偏振光法读片结果。②计算机图像分析结果。结果:①苦味酸-天狼猩红染色偏振光法读片结果:各时段组移植物在偏振光下呈现相同的以黄、红粗大纤维为主、疏网状绿色纤细纤维散在分布的特点。②计算机图像分析结果:临床病理性增生性瘢痕中,Ⅰ型胶原约占74%,Ⅲ型胶原约占26%;4～6周移植物中,Ⅰ型胶原含量分别为(74.52±0.47)%,(74.43±0.53)%,(74.69±0.63)%;Ⅲ型胶原分别约为(25.48±0.47)%,(25.57±0.53)%,(25.31±0.63)%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:在实验所设计时段中,移植物与临床取材特性一致,符合增生性瘢痕特点。苦味酸-天狼猩红染色偏振光检测瘢痕组织胶原是对增生性瘢痕组织测定的简便、有效手段;运用裸鼠建立瘢痕动物模型是行之有效的、稳定的。     

苦昧酸-天狼猩红偏振光法对瘢痕动物模型的鉴定书

背景：在瘢痕研究中急需稳定可靠的实验动物模型。目的：运用组织学方法对裸鼠瘢痕动物模型进行鉴定，确定最佳使用时机。设计：随机对照的重复测量设计。单位：中山大学附属第一医院烧伤科。材料：实验于2004—01／03在中山大学医学院动物实验中心完成。15只4-6周龄裸鼠（性别随机，体质量15～25g）由中山大学医学院实验动物中心提供；增生性瘢痕来自烧伤愈后、瘢痕增生半年之患者手术切除标本。方法：于裸鼠背侧移植人增生性瘢痕，建立疤痕动物模型；移植后4周起，每周处死5只实验动物，取移植物，100g／L甲醛固定标本，持续3周。苦味酸-天狼猩红染色偏振光检测移植物及临床取材，观察组织特点。主要观察指标：①苦味酸-天狼猩红染色偏振光法读片结果。②计算机图像分析结果。结果：①苦味酸-天狼猩红染色偏振光法读片结果：各时段组移植物在偏振光下呈现相同的以黄、红粗大纤维为主、疏网状绿色纤细纤维散在分布的特点。②计算机图像分析结果：临床病理性增生性瘢痕中，Ⅰ型胶原约占74％，Ⅲ型胶原约占26％；4～6周移植物中，Ⅰ型胶原含量分别为（74．52&;#177;0．47）％，（74．43&;#177;0．53）％，（74．69&;#177;0．63）％；Ⅲ型胶原分别约为（25．48&;#177;0．47）％，（25．57&;#177;0．53）％，（25．31&;#177;0．63）％，差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论：在实验所设计时段中，移植物与临床取材特性一致，符合增生性瘢痕特点。苦味酸-天狼猩红染色偏振光检测瘢痕组织胶原是对增生性瘢痕组织测定的简便、有效手段；运用裸鼠建立瘢痕动物模型是行之有效的、稳定的。     

增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白含量的改变及其意义

【目的】了解增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中胶原蛋白含量及组成的改变。【方法】以羟脯氨酸测定反映Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白总量。SDS PAGE电泳分离proα1 (Ⅰ )及 proα1 (Ⅲ )链 ,考马斯亮蓝染色 ,图像分析仪计算Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比。【结果】增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中胶原蛋白含量相近 ,分别为 (0 .988± 0 .1 4 1 )mmol/L和 (1 .1 0± 0 .1 5 9)mmol/L ,均明显高于正常瘢痕和正常皮肤 ;瘢痕疙瘩Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比值为1 1 .4 91± 1 .2 2 3,高于增生性瘢痕、正常瘢痕和正常皮肤 ,而增生性瘢痕与正常瘢痕和正常皮肤相近。【结论】增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织中各型胶原蛋白表达强度的不一致性 ,对阐明增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的发病机理及对两者的鉴别具有一定的潜在价值     

烧伤后不同类型胶原在增生性瘢痕发生中的作用研究

目的观察烧伤后瘢痕形成过程中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维的动态变化。方法采用苦味酸天狼猩红染色法对不同时期的瘢痕组织进行Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维观察,RIA法对瘢痕组织中的Ⅰ、Ⅲ型前胶原进行检测。结果偏光观察正常皮肤中以Ⅲ型纤维为主,1月以后Ⅰ型纤维明显增加,1年以后的瘢痕组织中几乎全部为粗大的Ⅰ型纤维,极少Ⅲ型纤维。放免结果Ⅰ/Ⅲ型前胶原比例逐渐增加,但Ⅲ型前胶原的含量仍然较高;晚期瘢痕中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型前胶原含量均显著降低。结论烧伤后瘢痕形成过程中Ⅰ型胶原逐渐增加,Ⅲ型胶原逐渐减少,后期几乎完全为Ⅰ型胶原纤维取代,前胶原的变化与胶原纤维的变化不吻合,不能反映胶原纤维的实际情况。     

Ⅰ型与Ⅲ型前胶原核酶治疗裸鼠增生性瘢痕的比较

目的:比较Ⅰ型与Ⅲ型前胶原核酶治疗裸鼠增生性瘢痕后成纤维细胞超微结构及胶原形态的改变。方法:(1)建立裸鼠增生性瘢痕动物模型(60只)。(2)将裸鼠随机分为:实验组(A组,20只,注射Ⅰ型前胶原核酶;B组,20只,注射Ⅲ型前胶原核酶;各组又分为2.5μg/100μL及5.0μg/100μL两个剂量组,每个剂量组各10只裸鼠,每天用微量注射器行瘢痕内多位点注射一次,共7d。)及对照组(C组,10只,注射生理盐水,共7d;D组,10只,空白对照组)。(3)应用苦味酸-天狼猩红染色偏振光法,结合图像分析技术,观察分析各组胶原含量及分布的改变。(4)电子显微镜观察各组实验前后超微结构的改变。结果:A、B组实验后瘢痕体积缩小,A组有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组胶原含量均减少(P<0.05);但以分布情况而言,Ⅰ型胶原减少较Ⅲ型胶原明显;两组超微结构改变无明显差异;C组和D组无明显变化。结论:Ⅰ、Ⅲ型前胶原核酶治疗裸鼠增生性瘢痕后,两者均使相应的胶原排列分布及含量减少,形态改变明显,但Ⅰ型减少较Ⅲ型明显;而两者超微结构改变无明显差异。     

增生性瘢痕和正常皮肤组织中TGF-β1及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达的比较

目的 观察人增生性瘢痕组织和正常皮肤组织中TGF-β1及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的表达差异,探讨其意义.方法 收集2012年2月至2013年2月南昌大学第一附属医院烧伤整形科住院患者10例,取其行手术切除的增生性瘢痕组织及其邻近的正常皮肤组织.采用免疫组织化学法(SP法)检测各组织中TGF-β1及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的表达.结果 增生性瘢痕组织中TGF-β1及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达均显著高于正常皮肤组织.结论 TGF-β1及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原在人增生性瘢痕组织中呈高表达,提示其在增生性瘢痕的形成和演化过程中可能发挥着靶点的作用.     

增生性玻璃体视网膜病变中的增生膜变化：图像技术半定量胶原分析

目的:探讨增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的增生膜中Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原的含量和作用.方法:对22例视网膜脱离伴增生性玻璃体视网膜病变行玻璃体切除术时切除的增生膜组织用天狼猩红染色,偏振光观察,photoshop分析,半定量研究Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原的含量.结果:Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原在22例视网膜增生膜中均有表达,Ⅲ型胶原在D级膜中含量明显高于C级膜(15.41&;#177;1.07,5.36&;#177;0.45,t=3.58,P＜0.05),但Ⅰ型胶原在D级膜和C级膜中含量基本相似(3.70&;#177;0.59,4.03&;#177;0.38,t=1.36,P＞0.05).结论:Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原的异常表达,作为细胞黏附支架,可促进细胞移动,变换细胞形态,促进细胞增生,促使增生性玻璃体视网膜病变不断发展,导致视网膜脱离.根据此原理在转录水平调节Ⅰ,Ⅲ型胶原表达,为阻断增生性玻璃体视网膜病变进展提供新的途径.     

增生性玻璃体视网膜病变中的增生膜变化:图像技术半定量胶原分析

目的:探讨增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的增生膜中Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原的含量和作用。方法:对22例视网膜脱离伴增生性玻璃体视网膜病变行玻璃体切除术时切除的增生膜组织用天狼猩红染色,偏振光观察,photoshop分析,半定量研究Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原的含量。结果:Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原在22例视网膜增生膜中均有表达,Ⅲ型胶原在D级膜中含量明显高于C级膜(15.41±1.07,5.36±0.45,t=3.58,P<0.05),但Ⅰ型胶原在D级膜和C级膜中含量基本相似(3.70±0.59,4.03±0.38,t=1.36,P>0.05)。结论:Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原的异常表达,作为细胞黏附支架,可促进细胞移动,变换细胞形态,促进细胞增生,促使增生性玻璃体视网膜病变不断发展,导致视网膜脱离。根据此原理在转录水平调节Ⅰ,Ⅲ型胶原表达,为阻断增生性玻璃体视网膜病变进展提供新的途径。     

天狼猩红饱和苦味酸染色在大鼠胰腺纤维化评价中的应用

目的 应用苦味酸天狼猩红-偏振光法评价长期高脂饮食导致的胰腺纤维化。 方法 建立18周高脂饮食大鼠模型，HE染色观察胰腺形态变化，苦味酸天狼猩红-偏振光法对胰腺纤维化特点进行评价。 结果 长期高脂饮食可以导致大鼠胰腺纤维化改变，对苦味酸天狼猩红染色结果进行图像分析显示胶原纤维含量较正常组明显增加 (p<0.01)，偏光镜下观察示以I、III胶原为主要成分。结论 苦味酸天狼猩红-偏振光法是评价胰腺纤维化胶原沉积的有效方法。     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

胃癌DNA含量与E-cad、EGFR表达的关系及其意义

目的　探讨胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR表达的关系 ,评价其在浸润、转移潜能及预后判断中的作用。方法　应用图像分析仪及SP免疫组化法检测 30例正常胃黏膜上皮、30例不典型增生和 5 0例胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR蛋白表达情况。结果　①正常胃黏膜上皮、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌组的DI、PI、S %、>5c %逐渐增高 ,与胃癌分期、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。②E cad在正常胃黏膜上皮阳性表达率 10 0 % ,EGFR呈阴性表达 ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌E cad阳性表达率逐渐降低 ,EGFR的阳性表达率逐渐升高 ,且差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;E cad表达减弱、EGFR表达升高与胃癌分化差、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。③E cad表达阴性的胃癌DNA指数及EGFR表达水平显著高于E cad阳性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　检测DNA含量及E cad、EGFR蛋白表达有助于胃癌的早期诊断及转移潜能和预后的判断。     

Quality and suitability of antimicrobial discs: theoretical and practical sources of error and variability

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The use of antimicrobial discs remains one of the main methods for assessing antibiotic activity. Most discs are made to one of three main standards (FDA, WHO, DIN); these all describe an assay method for assessing the quality of discs using a linear method. Theory predicts a curved relationship, and this is backed up in many cases in practice. In such cases, the assays are potentially invalid. Other sources of uncertainty arising from the manufacturing processes employed are also discussed.

Areas covered: This includes error arising from applying FDA, WHO, and DIN standards, the manufacturing techniques employed, and variation in the materials used in production. The need for a specification that relates directly to the use of the discs is also discussed.

Expert opinion: Manufactured discs, some of which may be out of specification due to curvature and other sources of error, have been used to establish quality zone sizes. Quality zone sizes have then been used to measure the quality of discs. This circular quality system where there is no quantitative check is potentially unsafe. In the many decades of their use, there has been no comprehensive check on the quality of manufactured discs using quantitative, validated assays.