不同海拔高度健康人超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛的测定

对不同海拔高反的西安市（海拔３４０ｍ）、西宁市（２２６０ｍ）、茶卡镇（３１００ｍ）和甘德地区（４０８０ｍ）共１０８９例健康人进行了红细胞——超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和血清丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）测定。结果表明：随着海拔高度的升高和大气压、大气氧分压的降低，血清ＭＤＡ明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），红细胞ＳＯＤ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。相关分析表明：ＭＤＡ与大气氧分压呈明显负相关（ｒ＝－０．９７９，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＯＤ与大气氧分压呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．９８４，Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文对长期生活在高原低氧环境下居民ＭＤＡ升高和ＳＯＤ降低的原因进行了探讨。     

ApoE基因敲除鼠12周游泳运动前后纤溶激活功能的改变

目的：探讨ＡｐｏＥ在长期有氧运动中影响纤溶激活作用中的有关机制。方法：以ＡｐｏＥ基因敲除（ＡｐｏＥ－／－）鼠为实验组、以相同遗传背景的Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ鼠为对照组建立运动模型。结果：１２周游泳后，对照组鼠ＴＧ（０．９６±０．３０ｖｓ０．５４±０．０７０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＰＡＩ（０．９２±０．０７ｖｓ０．８０±０．０９ＡＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５）降低，ｔＰＡ升高（０．６０±０．１２ｖｓ１．０４±０．２３ＩＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＡｐｏＥ－／－鼠的ＴＧ（１．２８±０．３４ｖｓ１．２９±０．３２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＞０．０５）和ＰＡＩ（０．７４±０．１０ｖｓ０．７９±０．０４ＡＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＞０．０５）均没有显著变化，ｔＰＡ（０．７１±０．１５ｖｓ０．９７±０．１７ＩＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）升高。结论：长期有氧运动使对照小鼠纤溶激活作用明显改善，其机制与ＴＧ和含ＡｐｏＥ脂蛋白水平降低导致ＬＲＰ清除ｔＰＡ－ＰＡＩ作用加强、ＰＡＩ抑制作用减弱及ｔＰＡ合成水平增加有关。Ａｐ ｏＥ－／－鼠运动后，ＰＡＩ水平稳定而ｔＰＡ活性增加，提示ｔＰＡ合成作用增强。     

缺氧对肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞分泌血管活性肽的影响

用放射免疫测定和免疫组化法缺氧对培养的小牛肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）和肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭ）自分泌心钠素（ＡＮＰ）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＴⅡ）和内源性洋地黄因子（ＥＤＬＦ）的影响。无氧培养２４ｈ末，ＰＡＥＣ分泌ＡＮＰ减少４３．５％（Ｐ〈０．００１），ＡＴⅡ和ＥＤＬＦ呈明显负相关（ｒ为－０．８８和－０．７８６，Ｐ〈０．０１），细胞内ＡＮＰ阳性颗粒也显著减少（Ｐ〈０．００１）；ＰＡＳＭ分泌ＡＮＰ无显     

急性低压缺氧对大鼠血浆内皮素前体原的影响

目的观察急性低压缺氧后内皮素前体原（ｐｐＥＴ）和内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）的变化规律,探讨ＥＴ－１升高的机理。方法将实验大鼠分成三组,观察急性中度低压缺氧３０ｍｉｎ时及６ｈ后ｐｐＥＴ和ＥＴ－１的含量变化,分析其相关性。结果①急性中度低压缺氧３０ｍｉｎ后ｐｐＥＴ和ＥＴ－１均明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）,脱离缺氧后６ｈ,ｐｐＥＴ和ＥＴ－１有轻度下降,但仍未恢复到对照组水平（Ｐ＜０．０５）。②缺氧前对照组ｐｐＥＴ与ＥＴ－１呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．９３,Ｐ＜０．００１）,缺氧３０ｍｉｎ后,ＥＴ－１和ｐｐＥＴ虽明显升高,但二者仍呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．９０,Ｐ＜０．００１）,脱离缺氧后６ｈ,二者有轻度下降,但二者亦呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．８０,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论急性低压缺氧可启动ＥＴ基因系统,ＥＴ－１的升高是ｐｐＥＴ合成和释放增加的结果。急性中度低压缺氧对ＥＴ基因启动的时间较长,至少可维持６ｈ以上。     

原发性高血压病患者左室重量与外周血淋巴细胞β受体密度的相关性研究

为研究高血压病（ＥＨ）患者左室重量与外周血淋巴细胞β受体密度的关系,采用超声心动图与３Ｈ－双氢阿普洛尔（３Ｈ－ＤＨＡ）放射性配基结合分析法,检测７０例ＥＨ男性患者左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）与外周血淋巴细胞β受体最大结合容量（βｍａｘ）。结果显示：①ＬＶＭＩ＞１２５ｇ／ｍ２患者βｍａｘ为（６０３±１０１）ｆｍｏｌ／１０７细胞,分别高于ＬＶＭＩ＜１２５ｇ／ｍ２患者［（４１１±１０３）ｆｍｏｌ／１０７细胞,Ｐ＜０．０１］和正常人［（３６７±１１０）ｆｍｏｌ／１０７细胞,Ｐ＜０．００１］;②随着ＬＶＭＩ的增加,外周血淋巴细胞βｍａｘ呈现进行性上行调节（二者相关系数ｒ＝０．４４,Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明高血压病患者左室重量的增加与外周血淋巴细胞β受体密度的上行性调节具有相关关系。可能与高血压病理状态下机体内源性儿茶酚胺系统的激活,使β受体对其细胞生物活化效应的中介作用增强有关。     

高原人睾丸酮、雌二醇水平与年龄和血红蛋白之间相关性研究

本资料研究高原地区（３２００ｍ）３７５例正常人（１５～８５岁）的血浆睾酮（Ｔ）、雌二醇（Ｅ＿２）浓度与年龄和血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）等之间的相互关系，结果：①男性Ｔ值在６０岁前高于平原值（Ｐ＜０．０５），在６０岁后，Ｔ随龄增加而下降，Ｅ＿２随龄增而上升，Ｈｂ和睾丸体积（Ｖ）在５０岁后，逐渐下降或减少，Ｈｂ与Ｔ之间呈正相关（ｒ＝０．１４５，Ｐ＜０．０５）；②女性中Ｔ随龄增有下降趋势，Ｅ＿２随龄增而明显下降（ｒ＝０．２０２，Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｔ／Ｅ＿２比值在男性中随龄增而下降，在女性中则上升。提示：在高原低氧环境中，人体为了适应缺氧环境，性激素等发生了相应性变化。     

高原低氧与循环内皮细胞计数及内皮素-1和心钠素含量的相关性研究

目的：探讨高原低氧环境下血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）的损伤情况及功能变化;方法：对从平原（海拔１ ４００ｍ ）进驻海拔３ ７００ｍ （１０ 人）与５ ３８０ｍ （２０ 人）高原第７ 天和半年的青年进行循环内皮细胞计数（ＣＥＣ）、血浆内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）和心钠素（ＡＮＰ）含量测定,并与平原作对照。结果：在高原缺氧条件下,血浆ＣＥＣ计数和ＥＴ－１、ＡＮＰ含量明显高于平原（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,且随海拔高度的升高而增高（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,初入高原时明显高于在高原居住半年的数值（Ｐ＜ ０．０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。在不同海拔高度居住不同时间的ＥＴ－１与ＣＥＣ和ＡＶＰ呈高度正相关;结论：血管活性肽ＥＴ－１、ＡＮＰ分泌可能对急、慢缺氧环境下的心血管系统功能及神经内分泌调节具有重要意义。     

不同海拔地区健康人血清α＿1－抗胰蛋白酶水平的比较分析

本文应用火箭免疫电泳法分别测定了不同海拔地区总共５７３例健康人血清α＿１－ＡＴ水平，其中上海（海拔５ｍ）３５９人，西宁（海拔２２６０ｍ）１２９人，青海热水（海拔３７００ｍ）８５人。结果为：上海地区健康人血清α＿１—ＡＴ水平２．８１±０．６８ｇ／Ｌ，西宁３．９１±１．１１ｇ／Ｌ，热水３．３６±０．８２ｇ／Ｌ。结果表明，健康人血清α＿１－ＡＴ水平由高到低依次是西宁、热水、上海。经统计学分析三组之间差别有高度显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），而与性别无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）、提示健康人随居住地海拔增高血清α＿１－ＡＴ水平有增高趋势。这种改变可能与海拔增高，空气中氧分压下降刺激肝细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞合成α＿１－ＡＴ增加有关，但随着海拔进一步增高，这种作用反而受到抑制。     

急性心肌梗塞TXB_2变化与~（99m）Tc－MIBI心肌显像缺损区范围的关系

探讨了急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）病人的血浆ＴＸＢ２变化与９９ｍＴｃ－甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）心肌显像缺损区范围的关系，发现ＡＭＩ患者发病后２４小时内血浆ＴＸＢ２明显升高。并与放射性缺损区范围呈高度相关，ｒ＝０．８５，Ｐ＜０．０１．这对于估测心肌梗塞预后的价值有待进一步探讨．     

中度高原地区正常及妊高征孕妇超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛水平的初步研究

本文测定了未孕妇女、正常孕妇和妊高征孕妇的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ），丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）水平。结果为正常孕妇ＳＯＤ低于未孕妇女，而ＭＤＡ和ＶＥ高子未孕妇女（Ｐ均＜０．０１），提示孕妇抗氧化能力可能增强。妊高征孕妇与正常孕妇相比，ＳＯＤ、ＶＥ更低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＭＤＡ则更高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而且妊高征孕妇的ＭＤＡ与ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ与ＶＥ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．９５６，－０．７０４８、Ｐ＜０．０５），提示可能有脂质过氧化反应的增强和氧化能力下降，为妊高征的急性动脉硬化提供了条件。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.